scholarly journals Atmospheric Pollutant Dispersion over Complex Terrain: Challenges and Needs for Improving Air Quality Measurements and Modeling

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Giovannini ◽  
Enrico Ferrero ◽  
Thomas Karl ◽  
Mathias W. Rotach ◽  
Chantal Staquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Pollutant Dispersion ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Air Quality Measurements

Pollutant dispersion processes over complex terrain are much more complicated than over flat areas, as they are affected by atmospheric interactions with the orography at different spatial scales. This paper reviews recent findings and progress in this field, focusing on both experimental and modeling perspectives. It highlights open questions and challenges to our capability for better understanding and representing atmospheric processes controlling the fate of pollutants over mountainous areas. In particular, attention is focused on new measurement techniques for the retrieval of spatially distributed turbulence information and air quality parameters, and on challenges for meteorological and dispersion models to reproduce fine-scale processes influenced by the orography. Finally, specific needs in this field are discussed, along with possible directions for future research efforts.

scholarly journals Transport and Exchange Processes in the Atmosphere over Mountainous Terrain: Perspectives and Challenges for Observational and Modelling Systems, from Local to Climate Scales

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Dino Zardi ◽  
Mathias W. Rotach
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Atmospheric Processes ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Exchange Processes

This Editorial offers an overview of the results presented in the series of coordinated articles included in the Atmosphere special issue on Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain. In particular, the variety of approaches and methods, as well as the main outcomes of recent progress in the field, are outlined, along with open questions and challenges for future developments. The possible outreach of future research in the field is also pointed out, especially in connection with the ongoing international cooperation initiative Multi-scale transport and exchange processes in the atmosphere over mountains programme and experiment (TEAMx).

scholarly journals Implications of portable gasoline electricity generators on residential indoor air quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adinife Patrick Azodo ◽  
Idama Omokaro ◽  
Tochukwu Canice Mezue
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Toxic gases emitted from electricity generating plants used for energy production process diffuse in the environment thereby causing environmental air pollution. The effect of the installation and usage of portable gasoline electricity generating plants at the balcony of different households on the indoor air quality was assessed in this study. Materials and methods: The data collected were the air quality chemical composition variables which include carbon-dioxide, formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds, coarse (PM10), and fine (PM2.5) particulate matters at the indoor of the households in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun state, Nigeria. Physical measurement techniques used for the data collection was through the instrumentation design of two air quality testers, models WP6910 and ZN-202S. The indoor air quality assessment followed the generator nighttime usage routine between the hours of 6:30 – 10:00 pm at a measurement height of 1.3 m and the center in the living rooms of the residences assessed. Results: The analysis of the data obtained showed that the mean values for each of the air quality parameters obtained during generator usages were significantly higher when compared to the indoor air quality parameters before generator usages at p<0.05. The air pollutant levels before and during generator usages were within the established safe standard air quality limit by the world health organization. Conclusion: However, for the installation of a portable electricity generator at the residents’ balcony, it is recommended that the generators should be adapted with an emission reduction device for the exhaust composition amelioration to avoid possible accumulation effect over time.

scholarly journals Quantification of Noise and Air Quality Risks at a Crude Oil Flow Station

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Kennedy A. Osakwe
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Niger Delta Region ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Occupational and environmental hazards are continually encountered by oil and gas workers in operational facilities. This study thus aimed at quantifying the noise level and air quality parameters within a crude oil flow station in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted in one of the crude oil facilities at Escravosin Delta State of Nigeria. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was adopted in the study. Area noise measurements were undertaken at 40 locations within and outside the facility using a CEL-485 (serial number 109776). Air quality measurements were undertaken in fourteen (14) locations within the facility using CASELLA Micro dust pro (Dust Monitor) and Multi-Gas Meter.

scholarly journals Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Parameters in Classrooms of a University

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Argunhan ◽  
Ali Serkan Avci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Air Quality Measurements

This study was carried out in order to determine the indoor air quality of the classrooms existing in university (Turkey). Relative humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, radon, and particulate matters (PM0.5, PM1.0, PM2.5, PM5.0, and PM10) were taken into account as the parameters of indoor air quality measurements. The results obtained from the present work were interpreted by comparing them with the standards of different countries. The relations between all parameters were statistically examined by means of correlation and regression analysis in SPSS 17 statistical program. As a result, it was observed that indoor temperature was lower than the standards, yet carbon dioxide and PM values were higher than the upper limit, but relative humidity level was within comfort conditions. The average indoor radon concentrations were found to be below the recommended reference levels for International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), yet it was seen that the results were relatively higher in comparison with the worldwide values. In addition, it was determined that there was a meaningful relation between outdoor relative humidity, indoor relative humidity, and particulate matters in different diameters. Some solutions were suggested for the treatment of the indoor air quality for each parameter.

scholarly journals Models of Regional Economic Development: Illustrations Using U.S. Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Maximilian Buchholz ◽  
Harald Bathelt
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Relational Approach ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Policy Agendas

Abstract Considering stagnating regional prosperity levels and growing inter-regional disparities in many economies, this paper appeals for a renewed research agenda to deepen our understanding of regional economic development. This is done by discussing different conceptual perspectives, their empirical applications and open questions and suggestions for future research. Conventional approaches view development as an outcome of and dependent upon local economic structure. That is, high regional performance is associated with specific regional industrial and human capital mixes. We argue that to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that drive regional economic development it is helpful to apply a relational approach that pays attention to the networks between economic actors across different spatial scales, from local to global. These generate knowledge as well as access to technologies, resources and markets, thereby catalyzing income growth. To support regional policy agendas, it is further necessary to go beyond identifying regularities that structure development and engage with differing regional pathways by conducting systematic comparative analyses of local contextual and institutional conditions.

Further investigations on Fujimoto type strong uniqueness polynomials

Filomat ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16) ◽  
pp. 5203-5216
Author(s):  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Bikash Chakraborty ◽  
Sanjay Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Meromorphic Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Uniqueness ◽  
Open Questions

Taking the question posed by the first author in [1] into background, we further exhaust-ably investigate existing Fujimoto type Strong Uniqueness Polynomial for Meromorphic functions (SUPM). We also introduce a new kind of SUPM named Restricted SUPM and exhibit some results which will give us a new direction to discuss the characteristics of a SUPM. Moreover, throughout the paper, we pose a number of open questions for future research.

scholarly journals The impact of measures to reduce ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations originating from road dust, evaluated for a street canyon in Helsinki

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 11199-11212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mari Kauhaniemi ◽  
Jaakko Kukkonen ◽  
Kaarle Kupiainen ◽  
Ari Karppinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Measurements

Abstract. We have numerically evaluated how effective selected potential measures would be for reducing the impact of road dust on ambient air particulate matter (PM10). The selected measures included a reduction of the use of studded tyres on light-duty vehicles and a reduction of the use of salt or sand for traction control. We have evaluated these measures for a street canyon located in central Helsinki for four years (2007–2009 and 2014). Air quality measurements were conducted in the street canyon for two years, 2009 and 2014. Two road dust emission models, NORTRIP (NOn-exhaust Road TRaffic Induced Particle emissions) and FORE (Forecasting Of Road dust Emissions), were applied in combination with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), a street canyon dispersion model, to compute the street increments of PM10 (i.e. the fraction of PM10 concentration originating from traffic emissions at the street level) within the street canyon. The predicted concentrations were compared with the air quality measurements. Both road dust emission models reproduced the seasonal variability of the PM10 concentrations fairly well but under-predicted the annual mean values. It was found that the largest reductions of concentrations could potentially be achieved by reducing the fraction of vehicles that use studded tyres. For instance, a 30 % decrease in the number of vehicles using studded tyres would result in an average decrease in the non-exhaust street increment of PM10 from 10 % to 22 %, depending on the model used and the year considered. Modelled contributions of traction sand and salt to the annual mean non-exhaust street increment of PM10 ranged from 4 % to 20 % for the traction sand and from 0.1 % to 4 % for the traction salt. The results presented here can be used to support the development of optimal strategies for reducing high springtime particulate matter concentrations originating from road dust.

scholarly journals The fragranced products phenomenon: air quality and health, science and policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Steinemann
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract Fragrance is used in consumer products around the world. However, fragrance has been associated with adverse effects on indoor and outdoor air quality and human health. Questions arise, such as the following: Why does fragrance in products pose problems? What are sources of emissions and exposures? What are health and societal effects? What are possible solutions? This paper examines the issue of fragranced consumer products and its science and policy dimensions, with a focus on the implications for air quality and human health. Results include new findings and new questions for future research directions.

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