Cultivating Multidisciplinarity: Manufacturing and Sensing Challenges in Cultured Meat Production

Meat cultivation via cellular agriculture holds great promise as a method for future food production. In theory, it is an ideal way of meat production, humane to the animals and sustainable for the environment, while keeping the same taste and nutritional values as traditional meat and having additional benefits such as controlled fat content and absence of antibiotics and hormones used in the traditional meat industry. However, in practice, there is still a number of challenges, such as those associated with the upscale of cultured meat (CM). CM food safety monitoring is a necessary factor when envisioning both the regulatory compliance and consumer acceptance. To achieve this, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary. This includes extensive development of the sensitive and specific analytical devices i.e., sensors to enable reliable food safety monitoring throughout the whole future food supply chain. In addition, advanced monitoring options can help in the further optimization of the meat cultivation which may reduce the currently still high costs of production. This review presents an overview of the sensor monitoring options for the most relevant parameters of importance for meat cultivation. Examples of the various types of sensors that can potentially be used in CM production are provided and the options for their integration into bioreactors, as well as suggestions on further improvements and more advanced integration approaches. In favor of the multidisciplinary approach, we also include an overview of the bioreactor types, scaffolding options as well as imaging techniques relevant for CM research. Furthermore, we briefly present the current status of the CM research and related regulation, societal aspects and challenges to its upscaling and commercialization.

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Analysis of the Cultured Meat Production System in Function of Its Environmental Footprint: Current Status, Gaps and Recommendations

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10122941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2941

Author(s):

María Ignacia Rodríguez Escobar ◽

Erasmo Cadena ◽

Trang T. Nhu ◽

Margot Cooreman-Algoed ◽

Stefaan De Smet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Production System ◽

Real Data ◽

Current Status ◽

Meat Production ◽

Life Cycle Assessments ◽

Environmental Assessments ◽

Cultured Meat ◽

Life Cycle Perspective ◽

Proliferation And Differentiation

Cultured meat has been presented as an environmentally friendlier option to conventional meat, but due to the limited data, the studies related to its performance are scarce and based on hypothetical production processes. This work provides a short literature review of the published environmental assessments of cultured meat. The main findings of this critical analysis showed that the lack of real data related to cultured meat decreased the level of accuracy of each study. The missing environmental profile of the process itself, including the proliferation and differentiation phases in bioreactors, along with key ingredients such as growth factors and other recombinant proteins, increase the difficulty of achieving reliable conclusions. In order to bridge the highlighted gaps, a complete production system is modelled and analysed from an engineering and life-cycle perspective. Furthermore, an overview of the supply chains of different products used in the process is provided, together with recommendations on how they should be considered in future life-cycle assessments. In essence, this work provides a structured pathway for upcoming consistent environmental assessments in this field, with the objective of setting the basis to understand the potential of cultured meat.

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Production of Traditional Meat Products in Small and Micro Establishments in Serbia: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.2478/acve-2018-0031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 373-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nedjeljko Karabasil ◽

Tamara Bošković ◽

Igor Tomašević ◽

Dragan Vasilev ◽

Mirjana Dimitrijević ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Safety Management ◽

Meat Products ◽

Current Status ◽

Meat Production ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

Production Methods ◽

Fermented Sausages ◽

Dry Fermented Sausages ◽

The Republic

Abstract The production of traditional meat products has a considerable potential in the Republic of Serbia, particularly in small and micro (household) establishments. Among a large number of traditional meat products, dry fermented sausages and dried meat products are the most important and commonly appreciated by consumers. There is, however, a need for a better standardization of the production in this meat sector, and also implementation of necessary food hygiene rules and HACCP principles according to hygiene regulations. There are provisions in the Food Safety Law, stating the principles of flexibility, which would allow for traditional meat producers and their associations to apply for derogations in food hygiene regulations. This would enable traditional small and micro food business operators to better use their resources, relax administrative burden and use traditional production methods in the most appropriate manner, always respecting hygiene and safety principals. This review paper analyses the current status of traditional meat production in small and micro establishments in Serbia, emphasizing a need for further improvements in food safety management and standardization.

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Lab-Grown Meat

The Oxford Handbook of Food, Water and Society ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.013.65 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 841-856

Author(s):

Martin Keulertz

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Production Systems ◽

Meat Production ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Social Foundations ◽

Cultured Meat ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Alternative Protein ◽

Volume Production ◽

Grazing Systems

The alternative protein industry has attracted much media attention. It has become increasingly clear that current meat production systems are unsustainable except in grass-fed low-volume production systems. The new alternative meat industry seeks to introduce new technologies that produce ‘meat’ sustainably. By using IT-terms such as 1.0 to 4.0, this analysis classifies traditional herding and grazing systems as 1.0, feedlot production as meat 2.0, plant-based meat alternatives as meat 3.0, and cultured meat alternatives as meat 4.0. An overview of current developments in the meat 3.0 and 4.0 industries highlights the recent technological advances. The environmental and health benefits of meat 3.0 and 4.0 are discussed and the cultural and business implications. Finally, the consequences of meat 4.0 for a sustainable planet and its social foundations are revealed, identifying the billion livelihoods that depend on meat 1.0 and 2.0 production. The alternative protein industry could have disruptive effects as well as benefits to the planet and society.

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Ukraine’s foreign trade in meat and meat products: trends and geographical aspects

Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine ◽

10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 48-52

Author(s):

Olena Lyakhovska

Keyword(s):

Small Businesses ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Meat Products ◽

World Market ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Positive Development ◽

Meat Production ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Geographical Structure

Current trends in meat and meat products exports are considered. The dynamics and structural changes in meat exports by types and degree of processing (beef and veal, pork, poultry, finished meat products) are analyzed. The paper proves that in recent years, only meat and edible poultry by-products have taken a competitive position in the world market. Accordingly, the dynamics of exports of this type of meat is positive, and the share of these products in the structure of exported meat is the largest (86.09%). Possible threats to the growth of import dependence on certain types of meat products, in particular, chilled and frozen beef and veal, pork, are indicated. The rating of the largest countries-importers of meat and meat products (by types) from Ukraine is built, their share in the structure of meat exports is determined. Changes in the geographical structure of exports have been studied, which indicate a low level of diversification of the geography of exports of certain types of meat (pork, beef). At the same time, a positive development of the geographical structure of poultry meat exports (exported to more than 100 countries) was revealed. Problems of the export potential development in the meat industry of Ukraine are revealed. In particular, the problems of livestock development (outdated technologies and production techniques that reduce the efficiency and productivity; inefficiency of the organization of purchase and processing of meat, which leads to reduced breeding in small businesses and households; inefficiency of state incentives, etc.) and industrial meat production (lack of raw materials, obsolescence of fixed assets and production technologies, poorly developed logistics, etc.). The solution of these problems requires: a systematic approach, which will encourage the cooperation of agricultural and industrial production, cooperation with importers of meat products and protection of domestic producers in the domestic and international markets, creating a favorable investment and information environment that will promote the meat industry development.

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Indian Pharmaceutical Industries Current Status and Togetherness to Overcome Speed Breakers in Term of Quality Issues to Make India as a Global Pharma Destination

Applied Clinical Research Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs ◽

10.2174/2213476x07999200915160423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 07 ◽

Author(s):

Vikas Rathee ◽

Kapil Pihwal ◽

Neelam Pawar ◽

Sheikh Aamir ◽

Mohammad Shahbaz Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Generic Drugs ◽

Regulatory Compliance ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Current Status ◽

Family Welfare ◽

United States Dollar ◽

Doing Business ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Governmental Control ◽

Future Plans

: Regulatory is the heart of the Pharmaceutical Industries which acts as an interface between the industries and government authorities for the growth and development of pharmaceutical industry system of their respective country. In 2017, India was a pharmaceutical country valued at USD (United States Dollar) 13 billion and accounting for 20 percent of worldwide exports, making the country the main supplier of generic drugs worldwide. Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the Department of Pharmaceutical Products said that the national pharmaceutical market's gross revenue reached approximately US $ 18.12 billion in 2018 (Rs 129,015), growing 9.4% year-on-year and export retention in 2018 was US $ 17.88 billion. 19.14 billion US$ in 2019. The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has increased by 13.1 percent to Rs 61,398 crore (US $ 8.98 billion) in the Union Budget 2019-20. The Indian pharmaceutical market is facing many difficulties such as central and state regulatory compliance, data integrity, ethics committee in clinical trials, governmental control over the price of medicine, lack of research and so on. We are discussing in our article that top 10 pharmaceutical companies are doing business, their turnover in 2020 and challenge in today's era. We discuss future plans and solutions to problems, so that they can be ranked first in the world.

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Hormones in international meat production: biological, sociological and consumer issues

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/nrr200246 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 293-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Hugh Galbraith

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Good Practice ◽

Current Status ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Meat Production ◽

International Consensus ◽

Free Radical Damage ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Human Pathology

AbstractBeef and its products are an important source of nutrition in many human societies. Methods of production vary and include the use of hormonal compounds (‘hormones’) to increase growth and lean tissue with reduced fat deposition in cattle. The hormonal compounds are naturally occurring in animals or are synthetically produced xenobiotics and have oestrogenic (oestradiol-17β and its esters; zeranol), androgenic (testosterone and esters; trenbolone acetate) or progestogenic (progesterone; melengestrol acetate) activity. The use of hormones as production aids is permitted in North American countries but is no longer allowed in the European Union (EU), which also prohibits the importation of beef and its products derived from hormone-treated cattle. These actions have resulted in a trade dispute between the two trading blocs. The major concern for EU authorities is the possibility of adverse effects on human consumers of residues of hormones and metabolites. Methods used to assess possible adverse effects are typical of those used by international agencies to assess acceptability of chemicals in human food. These include analysis of quantities present in the context of known biological activity and digestive, absorptive, post-absorptive and excretory processes. Particular considerations include the low quantities of hormonal compounds consumed in meat products and their relationships to endogenous production particularly in prepubertal children, enterohepatic inactivation, cellular receptor- and non-receptor-mediated effects and potential for interference with growth, development and physiological function in consumers. There is particular concern about the role of oestradiol-17β as a carcinogen in certain tissues. Now subject to a ‘permanent’ EU ban, current evidence suggests that certain catechol metabolites may induce free-radical damage of DNA in cell and laboratory animal test systems. Classical oestrogen-receptor mediation is considered to stimulate proliferation in cells maintaining receptivity. Mathematical models describing quantitative relationships between consumption of small amounts of oestrogens in meat in addition to greater concentrations from endogenous production, chemical stoichiometry at cellular level and human pathology have not been developed. Such an approach will be necessary to establish ‘molecular materiality’ of the additional hormone intake as a component of relative risk assessment. The other hormones, although generally less well researched, are similarly subject to a range of tests to determine potentially adverse effects. The resulting limited international consensus relates to the application of the ‘precautionary principle’ and non-acceptance by the European Commission of the recommendations of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which determined that meat from cattle, hormone-treated according to good practice, was safe for human consumers. The present review considers the hormone issue in the context of current international social methodology and regulation, recent advances in knowledge of biological activity of hormones and current status of science-based evaluation of food safety and risk for human consumers.

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Bovine Satellite Cells Isolated after 2 and 5 Days of Tissue Storage Maintain the Proliferative and Myogenic Capacity Needed for Cultured Meat Production

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22168376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 8376

Author(s):

Stig Skrivergaard ◽

Martin Krøyer Rasmussen ◽

Margrethe Therkildsen ◽

Jette Feveile Young

Keyword(s):

Satellite Cells ◽

Myogenic Differentiation ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Meat Production ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Tissue Storage ◽

Myogenic Potential ◽

Cultured Meat ◽

Start Up ◽

Myogenic Satellite Cells

Cultured meat is an emerging alternative food technology which aims to deliver a more ethical, sustainable, and healthy muscle-tissue-derived food item compared to conventional meat. As start-up companies are rapidly forming and accelerating this technology, many aspects of this multi-faceted science have still not been investigated in academia. In this study, we investigated if bovine satellite cells with the ability to proliferate and undergo myogenic differentiation could be isolated after extended tissue storage, for the purpose of increasing the practicality for cultured meat production. Proliferation of bovine satellite cells isolated on the day of arrival or after 2 and 5 days of tissue storage were analyzed by metabolic and DNA-based assays, while their myogenic characteristics were investigated using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. Extended tissue storage up to 5 days did not negatively affect proliferation nor the ability to undergo fusion and create myosin heavy chain-positive myotubes. The expression patterns of myogenic and muscle-specific genes were also not affected after tissue storage. In fact, the data indicated a positive trend in terms of myogenic potential after tissue storage, although it was non-significant. These results suggest that the timeframe of which viable myogenic satellite cells can be isolated and used for cultured meat production can be greatly extended by proper tissue storage.

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Stated Preferences for Plant-Based and Cultured Meat: A Choice Experiment Study of Spanish Consumers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8235

Author(s):

Alfredo J. Escribano ◽

Maria Belen Peña ◽

Carlos Díaz-Caro ◽

Ahmed Elghannam ◽

Eva Crespo-Cebada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Choice Experiment ◽

Meat Products ◽

Meat Production ◽

Experiment Study ◽

Negative Effects ◽

High Quality ◽

Cultured Meat ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Alternative Sources ◽

Negative Impacts

Meat production and consumption have been claimed to have negative impacts on the environment, and even on the consumer’s health. In this sense, alternative sources of protein, mainly meat substitutes and cultured meat, have emerged due to those perceived negative effects. Our paper carries out a choice experiment to analyze the preferences of 444 Spanish consumers and their willingness to pay for plant-based and cultured meats, as compared to conventional meat. Spain was considered of interest for this study due to its significant gastronomic culture, with high-quality meat products that make a great contribution to the economy, meaning that this could be a suitable and also challenging market in which to test alternative sources of protein. The findings show that consumers’ motivations and their interactions with these products are complex. Additionally, a cluster analysis allowed us to identify three types of consumers in terms of preference for these products: price-sensitive millennials, conscious/concerned consumers, and indifferent consumers. Only one group showed some level of acceptance of these alternative products meats.

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Recent Progress in the Molecular Imaging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7348

Author(s):

Olivia Wegrzyniak ◽

Maria Rosestedt ◽

Olof Eriksson

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Molecular Imaging ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Current Status ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Activated Fibroblasts

Pathological fibrosis of the liver is a landmark feature in chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diagnosis and assessment of progress or treatment efficacy today requires biopsy of the liver, which is a challenge in, e.g., longitudinal interventional studies. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have the potential to enable minimally invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. This review will summarize and discuss the current status of the development of innovative imaging markers for processes relevant for fibrogenesis in liver, e.g., certain immune cells, activated fibroblasts, and collagen depositions.

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