The Expression of Adipose Tissue-Derived Cardiotrophin-1 in Humans with Obesity

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a gp130 cytokine that was previously characterized for its effects on cardiomyocytes and identified as a marker of heart failure. More recent studies reported elevated circulating levels of CT-1 in humans with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, a subsequent rodent study implicated CT-1 as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and MetS. Adipose tissue (AT) is broadly acknowledged as an endocrine organ and is a substantial source of CT-1. However, no study has examined the expression of adipose-derived CT-1 in humans. We present the first analysis of CT-1 mRNA expression in subcutaneous AT and its association with clinical variables in 22 women with obesity and 15 men who were 40% overfed for 8-weeks. We observed that CT-1 expression was higher in the subcutaneous abdominal (scABD) than the femoral (scFEM) depot. Importantly, we reveal that scFEM but not scABD, CT-1 expression was negatively associated with visceral adiposity and intrahepatic lipid, while positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in obese women. Also, men with higher CT-1 levels at baseline had less of a decline in insulin sensitivity in response to overfeeding. Our data provide new knowledge on the regulation of adipose-derived CT-1 in obesity and during weight gain in response to overfeeding in humans and suggest that CT-1 may play a protective role in obesity and related disorders.

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Adiponectin in heart failure

Future Cardiology ◽

10.2217/fca-2020-0095 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hubert Mado ◽

Wioletta Szczurek ◽

Mariusz Gąsior ◽

Bożena Szyguła-Jurkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Adiponectin Level ◽

Endocrine Organ ◽

Heart Failure Progression ◽

Severity Of The Disease

The adipose tissue, apart from storing energy, plays a role of an endocrine organ. One of the most important adipokines secreted by adipose tissue is adiponectin, which is also produced by cardiomyocytes and connective tissue cells within the heart. Adiponectin is known for its beneficial effect on the metabolism and cardiovascular system and its low level is a factor of development of many cardiovascular diseases. Paradoxically, in the course of heart failure, adiponectin level gradually increases with the severity of the disease and higher adiponectin level is a factor of poor prognosis. As a result, there is a growing interest in adiponectin as a marker of heart failure progression and a predictor of prognosis in the course of this disease.

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Catecholamine and insulin control of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue during long-term diet-induced weight loss in obese women

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00240.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 302 (2) ◽

pp. E226-E232 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katrien Koppo ◽

Michaela Siklová-Vitková ◽

Eva Klimčáková ◽

Jan Polák ◽

Marie A. Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Glycerol Concentration ◽

Obese Women ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of the adrenergic and insulin-mediated regulation of lipolysis during different phases of a 6-mo dietary intervention. Eight obese women underwent a 6-mo dietary intervention consisting of a 1-mo very low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by a 2-mo low-calorie diet (LCD) and 3-mo weight maintenance (WM) diet. At each phase of the dietary intervention, microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was performed at rest and during a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Responses of dialysate glycerol concentration (DGC) were determined at baseline and during local perfusions with adrenaline or adrenaline and phentolamine before and during the last 30 min of the clamp. Dietary intervention induced a body weight reduction and an improved insulin sensitivity. DGC progressively decreased during the clamp, and this decrease was similar during the different phases of the diet. The adrenaline-induced increase in DGC was higher at VLCD and LCD compared with baseline condition and returned to prediet levels at WM. In the probe with adrenaline and phentolamine, the increase in DGC was higher than that in the adrenaline probe at baseline and WM, but it was not different at VLCD and LCD. The results suggest that the responsiveness of SCAT to adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis increases during the calorie-restricted phases due to a reduction of the α2-adrenoceptor-mediated antilipolytic action of adrenaline. At WM, adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis returned to the prediet levels. Furthermore, no direct relationship between insulin sensitivity and the diet-induced changes in the regulation of lipolysis was found.

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Peroxiredoxin 6 Is a Key Antioxidant Enzyme in Modulating the Link between Glycemic and Lipogenic Metabolism

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/9685607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Arriga ◽

Francesca Pacifici ◽

Barbara Capuani ◽

Andrea Coppola ◽

Augusto Orlandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Protective Role ◽

Peroxiredoxin 6 ◽

Food And Drink ◽

Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion ◽

Mice Liver

Insulin action and often glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are reduced in obesity. In addition, the excessive intake of lipids increases oxidative stress leading to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Among the antioxidative defense systems, peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is able to reduce H2O2 and short chain and phospholipid hydroperoxides. Increasing evidences suggest that PRDX6 is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and T2DM, but its role in the etiopathology of obesity and its complications is still not known. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to investigate this association by using PRDX6 knockout mice (PRDX6-/-). Metabolic parameters, like carbon dioxide (VCO2) production, oxygen consumption (VO2), and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), were determined using metabolic cages. Intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests were performed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, respectively. Liver and pancreas histochemical analyses were also evaluated. The expression of enzymes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism was analyzed by real-time PCR. Following 24 weeks of high-fat-diet (HFD), PRDX6-/- mice showed weight gain and higher food and drink intake compared to controls. VO2 consumption and VCO2 production decreased in PRDX6-/- mice, while the RER was lower than 0.7 indicating a prevalent lipid metabolism. PRDX6-/- mice fed with HFD showed a further deterioration on insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, in PRDX6-/- mice, insulin did not suppress adipose tissue lipolysis with consequent hepatic lipid overload and higher serum levels of ALT, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Interestingly, in PRDX6-/- mice, liver and adipose tissue were associated with proinflammatory gene upregulation. Finally, PRDX6-/- mice showed a higher rate of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared to control. Our results suggest that PRDX6 may have a functional and protective role in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders such as liver diseases and T2DM and may be considered a potential therapeutic target against these illnesses.

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Adipose tissue – morphological and biochemical characteristic of different depots

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.3829 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Physiological State ◽

Protective Role ◽

Biochemical Characteristic ◽

The Body ◽

Endocrine Organ ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Different Tissues ◽

Structure And Metabolism

Adipose tissue is an organ that performs a lot of significant physiological functions, which is why its excess in the body results in pathological states in many of its organs and systems. Adipose tissue is not only a tissue which stores fat and plays a protective role. It is an important endocrine organ where signals sent from different tissues are generated and integrated. Adipose tissue is both morphologically and physiologically differentiated. However, due to their plasticity, adipocytes can undergo a transformation and change their structure and metabolism depending on the physiological state of the organism and the conditions to which it is exposed.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Weight loss reduces adipose tissue cathepsin S and its circulating levels in morbidly obese women.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.14002.471509 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Maria Di Blasio

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Cathepsin S ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Women ◽

Circulating Levels

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Fatty Liver Has Stronger Association With Insulin Resistance Than Visceral Fat Accumulation in Nonobese Japanese Men

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/js.2019-00052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 1409-1416 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Satoshi Kadowaki ◽

Yoshifumi Tamura ◽

Yuki Someya ◽

Kageumi Takeno ◽

Hideyoshi Kaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Japanese Men ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Intrahepatic Lipid

Abstract Context Asians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance, even in the nonobese state. Whereas both visceral fat accumulation (VFA) and fatty liver (FL) have been shown to be associated with insulin resistance, it is still unclear which is a better marker to predict insulin resistance in nonobese Asians. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between VFA or FL and insulin resistance in nondiabetic nonobese Japanese men who do not have diabetes. Design and Participants We studied 87 nonobese (body mass index <25 kg/m2) Japanese men without diabetes. Using a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, we evaluated insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. Intrahepatic lipid and abdominal visceral fat area were measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI, respectively. Subjects were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of VFA (visceral fat area ≥100 cm2) and FL (intrahepatic lipid ≥ 5%): control (non-VFA, non-FL; n = 54), VFA only (n = 18), FL only (n = 7), and VFA plus FL (n = 8). Results Subjects in the FL only and VFA plus FL groups had insulin resistance in adipose tissue and muscle, as well as relatively lower hepatic insulin sensitivity. The specific insulin sensitivities in these organs were comparable in the VFA only and control groups. Conclusions In nonobese Japanese men without diabetes, subjects with FL only or VFA plus FL but not VFA only had insulin resistance, suggesting that FL may be a more useful clinical marker than VFA to predict insulin resistance in nonobese Japanese men without diabetes.

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FABP 4 is associated with inflammatory markers and metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-1195 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 164 (4) ◽

pp. 539-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Ximena Terra ◽

Yunuen Quintero ◽

Teresa Auguet ◽

Jose Antonio Porras ◽

Mercé Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Obese Women ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

Visceral Adipose ◽

Circulating Levels

ObjectiveThe adipocyte/macrophage fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been described as a biomarker for adiposity and metabolic syndrome (MS). The aims of this study were to assess the relationship between FABP4 and inflammatory cytokines related to obesity, and to evaluate FABP4 mRNA expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic morbidly obese women versus healthy lean women.MethodsWe analyzed circulating levels of FABP4 in 81 Spanish women: 38 lean (body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2) and 43 morbidly obese (BMI>40 kg/m2). We took 30 follow-up blood samples at 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery. We assessed FABP4 gene expression in samples of subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue mRNA expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR.ResultsIn morbidly obese women, plasma FABP4 levels were significantly higher than in non-obese patients. These levels positively correlated with BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), and plasma glucose and insulin levels. Post-operative FABP4 levels decreased by a maximum of 30% after 12 months. We also found an inverse association between FABP4 and adiponectin levels, and positive correlations between FABP4 and circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 levels. Linear regression analysis revealed that FABP4 was more closely related to HOMA2-IR than adiponectin, CRP, TNF-RI, or leptin. Furthermore, high circulating FABP4 levels were associated with the presence of MS. FABP4 mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue was related to its circulating levels in morbidly obese women.ConclusionsOur results indicate that serum FABP4 is associated with inflammatory factors related to obesity and MS in non-diabetic morbidly obese women.

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Long-term effects of increased protein intake after weight loss on intrahepatic lipid content and implications for insulin sensitivity: a PREVIEW study

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00162.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 315 (5) ◽

pp. E885-E891 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Drummen ◽

E. Dorenbos ◽

A. C. E. Vreugdenhil ◽

A. Raben ◽

M. Fogelholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

High Protein ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Maintenance Period ◽

Intrahepatic Lipid

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a weight maintenance period comprising two diets differing in protein intake, after weight loss, on intrahepatic lipid content and implications for insulin sensitivity. A total of 25 participants [body mass index (BMI): 31.1 (3.5 kg/m2; intrahepatic lipid (IHL): 8.7 (8.3%; fasting glucose: 6.4 (0.6 mmol/l; homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): 3.7 (1.6; Matsuda index: 3.4 (2.9] started an 8-wk low-energy diet followed by a 2-yr weight maintenance period with either high protein or medium protein dietary guidelines. At baseline, after 6 mo, and after 2 yr, IHL, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy/imaging. Glucose and insulin concentrations, determined during an oral glucose challenge, were used to assess the HOMA-IR and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Protein intake was measured with 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion. Protein intake, BMI, IHL, VAT, SAT, HOMA-IR, and ISI did not change differently between the groups during the intervention. In the whole group, BMI, IHL, VAT, SAT, HOMA-IR, and ISI were favorably changed at 6 mo and 2 yr compared with baseline ( P < 0.05). Mixed-model analysis showed that independent of BMI, protein intake (g/d) at 6 mo was inversely related to IHL (coefficient: −0.04; P < 0.05) and VAT (coefficient: −0.01; P < 0.05). Overall, IHL was positively related to HOMA-IR (coefficient: 0.10; P < 0.01) and inversely related to ISI (coefficient: −0.17; P < 0.01), independent of BMI. A 2-yr medium- to high-protein energy-restricted diet reduced IHL and VAT. Independently of changes in BMI, IHL was inversely related to insulin sensitivity.

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Circulating and adipose tissue matrix metalloproteinases in cardiometabolic risk environments: pathophysiological aspects

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2013-0069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gabriela Berg ◽

Laura Schreier ◽

Veronica Miksztowicz

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Plaque Rupture ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Protective Role ◽

Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽

Fat Tissue ◽

Risk Environments ◽

Tissue Matrix ◽

Circulating Levels

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role during physiological tissue remodeling in embryonic development and angiogenesis, as well as in pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and development and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. Moreover, MMP circulating levels have emerged as potential biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. MMP expression and activity are regulated by different factors such as insulin resistance and obesity. Expanded fat tissue has been demonstrated to be an active organ, where MMPs also exert a role in adipogenesis, angiogenesis, and proliferation of extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the lack of association between adipose tissue and plasma levels of some MMPs, specifically MMP-2 and MMP-9, suggests that this tissue is not a major contributor to circulating gelatinases. MMPs are also co-expressed or co-repressed in response to inflammatory adipocytokines, like adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin may also play a protective role in plaque rupture through selectively increasing the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression. Leptin induces the expression of MMP-2 activators as well as the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in different human cells. Furthermore, sex hormones also participate in MMP regulation. In postmenopausal women, hormone replacement therapy produces an increase in MMP activity, leading to a breakdown in ECM homeostasis and accelerated progression of vascular pathologies. Besides, in men, an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and MMP-2 activity has been described. It is still necessary to go forward in the study of MMPs in different metabolic situations to corroborate their role as vulnerable plaque biomarkers.

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