scholarly journals Microalgae: A Promising Source of Valuable Bioproducts

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
Daria Belova ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Alexander Prosekov ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Microalgae are a group of autotrophic microorganisms that live in marine, freshwater and soil ecosystems and produce organic substances in the process of photosynthesis. Due to their high metabolic flexibility, adaptation to various cultivation conditions as well as the possibility of rapid growth, the number of studies on their use as a source of biologically valuable products is growing rapidly. Currently, integrated technologies for the cultivation of microalgae aiming to isolate various biologically active substances from biomass to increase the profitability of algae production are being sought. To implement this kind of development, the high productivity of industrial cultivation systems must be accompanied by the ability to control the biosynthesis of biologically valuable compounds in conditions of intensive culture growth. The review considers the main factors (temperature, pH, component composition, etc.) that affect the biomass growth process and the biologically active substance synthesis in microalgae. The advantages and disadvantages of existing cultivation methods are outlined. An analysis of various methods for the isolation and overproduction of the main biologically active substances of microalgae (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, pigments and vitamins) is presented and new technologies and approaches aimed at using microalgae as promising ingredients in value-added products are considered.

scholarly journals Biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
А.S. Kishkentayeva ◽  
◽  
S.N. Mantler ◽  
М.М. Zhakanov ◽  
S.М. Adekenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The review summarizes data on biologically active compounds of Achillea nobilis L. and methods of their isolation. From Achillea nobilis L., collected in different places of growth, the following have been isolated: essential oil, the main components of which are monoterpene compounds; sesquiterpene lactones estafiatin, hanphyllin, anobin, chrysartemine A, canin, anolide and tanapartin-β-peroxide; the steroid acetyleucanbin; flavonoids: 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone and 5,3’-di-hydroxy-3,6,7,4’-tetramethoxyflavone. It has been determined that the component composition of the essen-tial oil of Achillea nobilis L. largely depends on the soil and climatic factors in the places of its growth, the phase of the growing season and the method of its extraction from plant raw materials, and the extractant used (chloroform, ethanol, hot water, diethyl ether). Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic activi-ties are characteristic both for the sums of extractive substances from Achillea nobilis L. and for individual compounds isolated from them. Methods for the isolation of biologically active substances from Achillea nobilis L. for the development of new drug substances are described. The main aim of this work was a com-parative analysis of the available research results on the phytochemical study of Achillea nobilis L.

TRENDS IN THE USE OF PACKAGING MATERIALS AND PACKAGING METHODS FOR PRODUCTS CONTAINING LABILE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА ◽  
А.Д. АЧМИЗ ◽  
М.В. ЛУКЬЯНЕНКО ◽  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concentrate Polymer ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Active Substances

При производстве качественной пищевой продукции особое внимание необходимо уделять ее упаковыванию и хранению. Витаминно-минеральные концентраты, используемые для приготовления пищевых продуктов и получения качественной безопасной продукции животноводства, содержат комплекс лабильных биологически активных веществ, для сохранности которых необходимо минимизировать окислительные процессы. Это обусловливает повышенные требования к упаковке таких продуктов. С целью выбора упаковочного материала и способа упаковки витаминно-минерального концентрата проведен тематический обзор публикаций отечественных и зарубежных ученых. Рассмотрены тенденции в области применения упаковочных материалов, указаны преимущества и недостатки биополимеров. На основе проведенного анализа установлено, что для упаковывания витаминно-минерального концентрата целесообразно в качестве материала упаковки использовать полимерные пленки, обладающие высокой свето- и газонепроницаемостью, позволяющей снизить скорость протекания окислительных процессов и, следовательно, сократить потери содержащихся в продукте лабильных биологически активных веществ. В качестве способа упаковки можно рекомендовать применять вакуумирование, обеспечивающее отсутствие кислорода воздуха в упаковке. When producing high-quality food products, special attention should be paid to their packaging and storage. Vitamin and mineral concentrates used for food preparation and production of high-quality safe livestock products contain a complex of labile biologically active substances, for the safety of which it is necessary to minimize oxidative processes. This leads to increased requirements for the packaging of such products. In order to select the material and method of packaging of vitamin and mineral concentrates, a thematic review of publications of domestic and foreign scientists was conducted. Trends in the use of packaging materials are considered, advantages and disadvantages of biopolymers are indicated. It was found that for packaging vitamin and mineral concentrate, polymer pellicle with high light and gas tightness, which allows reducing the rate of oxidative processes and, consequently, reducing the loss of labile biologically active substances contained in the product, should be used as a packaging material. Vacuuming, which ensures the absence of oxygen in the air in the package, can be recommended as a method of packaging.

scholarly journals ENERGY RESOURCE-SAVING PLANT FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Abdullina ◽  
K. Valeev ◽  
R. Safin
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Active Substances

As know, all wood material is recycled only half, and the rest of it remains unused. In practice, wood waste is most often plowed or burned, at a time when such wood is a valuable natural raw material that can compensate for the needs of a number of sectors of the economy. In this regard, the problem of recycling waste from the woodworking industry is very relevant today. Wood waste contains a large amount of substances capable of exhibiting biological activity. In particular, such biologically active substances include betulin, which is found in birch bark, which, due to its many advantages, has found wide application in medical, perfumery, cosmetic, food and other industries. For the rational use of wood and wood materials, it is necessary to develop new technologies and equipment for processing wood into products that are in demand for mankind. The paper provides an overview of the processing of birch bark. The relevance and prospects of birch species as a raw material for the chemical industry have been established. An installation for obtaining biologically active substances from wood waste is presented.

scholarly journals Optimization of parameters of the extraction process of biologically active substances of grass Adonis vernalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3(59)) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Anna Krvavych ◽  
Roksolana Konechna
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Substances

The object of this research is the herb Adonis vernalis and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained on its basis. By the nature of the action, the drugs Adonis vernalis belong to the group of cardiac glycosides and occupy an intermediate place between strophanthin and digitalis. In official medicine, biologically active compounds of Adonis vernalis are included in drugs such as Cardiovalen, Adonis-bromine, Caridiolin and Cardiophyte. In the extemporal formulation, the extract is part of the Bechterew’s medicine. Until recently, scientists have made significant progress in studying the phytochemical and pharmacological action of the herb Adonis vernalis. However, one should not be limited to the use of Adonis vernalis only for stimulating cardiac activity, one should also consider the promising antioxidant effect of flavonoids and phenolic compounds that are contained in this medicinal plant. Also, studies of the extraction conditions of the herb Adonis vernalis are not described in the scientific literature. The study carried out the extraction of the grass Adonis vernalis by various methods (static and dynamic). The type of extract was chosen as the most rational, which provides the maximum yield of extractives (phenolic compounds and cardiac glycosides). For this, the optimal extraction conditions were selected, namely, the particle size, the type of extractant, the value of the hydromodule and the extraction method. Accordingly, the optimal particle diameter for maximum extraction of biologically active substances of the herb Adonis vernalis is 2.5 mm, the optimal extractant is 70 % ethyl alcohol, the ratio of raw materials: extractant is 1:10, the optimal extraction method is maceration with constant stirring. Phytochemical studies of the quantitative composition of the main groups of biologically active substances were carried out using calorimetric and spectrophotometric methods of analysis. As a result of the optimization of the process and its introduction into production on an industrial scale, the value added effect will be achieved. And also a high-quality product has been created that will compete with broad-spectrum drugs already existing on the market.

ECDYSTEROIDS AND FLAVONOIDS OF SILENE GRAEFFERI

2021 ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Elena Sergeyevna Filonenko ◽  
Larisa Nikolayevna Zibareva
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

In this paper Silene graefferi Guss. is recommended for the first time as a promising source of flavonoids and is a well-known producer of ecdysteroids. This perennial species is adapted to the conditions of Western Siberia and has been successfully cultivated in the Siberian Botanical garden of TSU since 2015. It was interesting to study the composition and features of accumulation of biologically active substances during the growth and development of S. graefferi. It was shown that 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B are present in the aerial and underground parts of introduced in culture S. graefferi plants during the entire vegetative development. An unidentified ecdysteroid was detected in the aerial part at the beginning of the vegetation and in the roots during the flowering phase. During vegetative development, common flavonoids and characteristic ones at different periods of plant development were found. The phase of maximum accumulation of ecdysteroids and flavonoids of S. graefferi is the beginning of vegetation, and the minimum is flowering. In the age dynamics the highest levels of biologically active substances in plants were noted at 2 and 3 years of life, then there is a general tendency to decrease with the age of the plant. From the aerial part of S. graefferi, 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B and vitexin were isolated and identified by HPLC.

scholarly journals Panax ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures: extraction and qualitative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Lyubov Dyshlyuk ◽  
Anastasia Dmitrieva ◽  
Svetlana Ivanova ◽  
Yuliya Golubtsova ◽  
Lev Ostroumov
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. In recent years, scientists have been actively searching for medicinal plants containing biologically active substances with geroprotective properties to treat diseases of old age, in particular cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and others. Ginseng (Panax ginseng L.) is a promising source of geroprotective compounds. We aimed to select optimal parameters for extracting organic compounds from ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures and analyze their qualitative composition. Study objects and methods. We studied ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures, as well as their extracts. Biologically active substances were extracted with 30 to 70% ethanol. Organic compounds were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The results for each plant were archived and analyzed for the presence of quercetin, mangiferin, luteolin, rutin, quercetin-2-D-glucoside, malvidin, as well as caffeic, cinnamic, ferulic, and sinapinic acids. Results and discussion. We developed a procedure for screening solvents and performed a fractional qualitative analysis of biologically active substances extracted from ginseng. As a result, we established the optimal parameters for extracting biologically active substances from the dried biomass of ginseng cultures. In all cases, temperature and the ratio of solvent to biomass were the same (50°C, 1:5). However, the extraction time and ethanol concentration differed, amounting to 60 min and 50% for callus cultures, 30 min and 60% for suspension cultures, and 60 min and 70% for root cultures. The qualitative analysis of organic compounds showed the presence of rutin (0.25), quercetin (0.75), and mangiferin (0.57), as well as caffeic and sinapinic acids in the extracts. Conclusion. Our set of experiments to isolate biologically active substances from ginseng callus, suspension, and root cultures resulted in selecting the optimal extraction parameters and analyzing the extracts for the presence of organic compounds.

scholarly journals Extraction of valuable components from fruits of the hawthorn and barbaris of the North-West region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Морозкова ◽  
Н.А. Кутакова ◽  
С.И. Третьяков ◽  
Н.Н. Васильева
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Degree Of Extraction ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Плоды барбариса и боярышника содержат ценные биологически активные вещества: органические кислоты, сахара, дубильные вещества, антоцианы, аскорбиновую кислоту и другие компоненты. Количественное содержание этих групп соединений в данном материале зависит от эколого-географических, климатических факторов, условий выращивания, способа сушки и др. Сопоставление состава плодов, собранных в Дендросаду САФУ (г. Архангельск) в 2015–2018 гг., и основных климатических характеристик вегетационного периода показало, что влияние климата велико. Результаты исследования состава плодов нескольких видов барбариса и боярышника характеризуют их как ценный материал для более глубокого изучения и переработки. Как показывают имеющиеся данные, анализируемые вещества проявляют разнообразный спектр фармакологической активности: противовирусные, противовоспалительные, антимикробные, антидиабетические и противоопухолевые свойства. Для извлечения комплекса БАВ предложено использовать 70%-й этиловый спирт. Проведена оценка эффективности извлечения БАВ различными методами: метод настаивания, ультразвуковой обработки и экстракции в электромагнитном поле сверхвысоких частот (СВЧ), из них СВЧ-экстракция признана перспективной. Степень извлечения компонентов составила в среднем 50%. Плоды являются перспективными для использования в пищевой промышленности и для разработки новых лечебно-профилактических лекарственных средств на основе экстрактов. The fruits of barberry and hawthorn contain valuable biologically active substances: organic acids, sugars, tannins, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and other components. The quantitative content of these groups of compounds in this raw material varies depending on ecological, geographical, climatic factors, the phase of plant growth, cultivation technology, drying method, etc. Comparison of the composition of the fruits collected in the Dendrosade of NArFU (Arkhangelsk) in 2015–2018 with the main climatic characteristics of the growing season showed that the influence of the climate is great. The results of a study the composition of the fruits of several types o of barberry and hawthorn characterize them as valuable material for a promising source for deeper study and processing. As the available data show, the analytes exhibit a diverse spectrum of pharmacological activity: antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antitumor properties . To extract the complex of biologically active substances, it is proposed to use 70% ethanol. The efficiency of extraction of biologically active substances by various methods was evaluated: the method of insisting, ultrasonic treatment and extraction in an electromagnetic field of microwave frequencies, of which microwave extraction was recognized as promising. The degree of extraction of the components averaged 50%. The fruits are promising for use in the food industry and for the development of new therapeutic and preventive medicines based on extracts.

scholarly journals Biotechnological research in Ukraine for solving energy, medical-biological and medical-ecological problems in 2009-2015 taking into account the implementation of the association agreement with the EU

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Yu. Matyushenko ◽  
Iryna An. Sviatukha ◽  
Marina S. Loktionova
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Active Substances

This article summarizes the main results of the biotechnological research of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine aimed at solving energy, medical-biological and medical-ecological problems during the period from 2009 to 2015. The prospective bioresources and directions of implementation of the latest technologies of bioenergy conversion for the production of liquid biofuels and expansion of their use for biodiesel were determined. The latest medical and biological and bioengineering technologies for human health and the national economy, biologically active substances for human health, ecological and economic mechanisms of rational use, protection and monitoring of natural resources, new technologies for the efficient use of energy resources were presented in the article. The authors systematized the results of the current research of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine aimed at the development of modern methods for the prevention and diagnosis of diseases in humans and animals, modern methods of cell biotechnology and metabolic engineering for the creation of superproducts of biologically active substances, new forms of plants and microorganisms, the genetic design of improved microorganisms and lines of plant and animal cells for the development of medical and agricultural biotechnology. The authors proved that these directions of research fully correspond to the world-wide trends in research in biomedicine.

scholarly journals Complex evaluation of calendula officinalis flowers by main biologically active substances content

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
E. L. Malankina ◽  
L. N. Kozlovskaya ◽  
L. V. Biktimyrova ◽  
E. L. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Lutein Content ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L ◽  
Active Substances

Relevance. The demand for medicinal raw materials of Calendula officinalis L. is determined by the high content of pharmacologically significant compounds. Comparison of the most common ornamental cultivars of Calendula officinalis L.) in terms of yield and content of biologically active substances in the raw material helps to identify the most promising cultivars in terms of a set of indicators.Materials and methods.The decorative cultivars Apricot, Art Shads, Fiesta Gitana, Kabluna golden-yellow, Orange King, Orange Balls, Yellow Gitana and Golden Balls, characterized by large inflorescences and terry, were used as prototypes. The cultivar Kalta, widely used for the production of medicinal raw materials, was chosen as a control. The experiments were laid on the experimental plots of the Fruit Growing Laboratory of the Russian State Agricultural University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Productivity was determined as the total weight of inflorescences harvested during the entire season per unit area. The amount of flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry. The amount of polysaccharides was determined according to the modified Draywood method. The lutein content was determined by HPLC.Results.To obtain inflorescences we can recommend to use the variety Orange King, which, with a satisfactory yield (0.363 kg/m2), was characterized by a high content of flavonoids (1.2%) and satisfactory (35.9%) extractives and corresponds to the quality of raw materials required by GF XIV. In addition, this variety was characterized by an increased content of polysaccharides (20.3%). The Varieties Apricot and Yellow Gitana were characterized by high productivity (562±49 and 507±41 g/m2, respectively). Their raw materials can be used by production of herbal teas, where the content of flavonoids is not regulated. As sources of lutein, one should pay attention to the ligulate flowers of the varieties Apricot, Fiesta Gitana, Golden balls. In the variety Kabluna, with the maximum lutein content, the proportion of reed flowers in the inflorescence was only 38%. In varieties with large inflorescences, the content of lutein in reed flowers was higher (R=0.685). Large non-double inflorescences will be most productive in this indicator.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF AN EXTRACTANT FOR ISOLATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM A HEDYSARUM NEGLECTUM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Dmitrieva ◽  
Dyshlyuk Lubov ◽  
Fotina Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ethanol Mixture ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

Global technological progress is one of the main problems of ecosystem deterioration. The high concentration of industrial enterprises contributes to the development of the region's environmental crisis and the decline in public health. An increase in the environmental pollutant contributes to the activation of oxidative stress in the human body, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc.), leading to a decrease in life expectancy and early aging of the body. To increase the adaptive abilities of the human body, it is important to use plant raw materials. A promising source of natural nutrients is the Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. In order to obtain the extract of the forgotten kopek, the method of extraction was used at room temperature with a reverse refrigerator for 2 hours. In this study, to determine the working parameters of extraction (type of extractant, concentration of extractant), a selection of various extractive substances was selected. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined by two parameters: extractivity and yield of biologically active substances. The maximum extractivity was observed when using 50 % ethyl alcohol. To determine the working concentration of the water-ethanol mixture, the prepared extracts were analyzed for the content of flavonoids, tannins, and ascorbic acid. The maximum yield of biologically active substances (flavonoids 419.02±3.58 mg%, tannins 8.10±1.03 %, ascorbic acid 691.04±3.62 mg/kg) was observed during extraction with 50% water-ethanol mixture. The obtained results suggest that the water-ethanol extract of Hedysarum neglectum Ledeb. it is a potential source of natural biologically active substances for creating functional food products.

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