Effect of Mild Salinity Stress on the Growth, Fatty Acid and Carotenoid Compositions, and Biological Activities of the Thermal Freshwater Microalgae Scenedesmus sp.

Carotenoids have strong antioxidant activity as well as therapeutic value. Their production has been induced in algae under stressful culture conditions. However, the extreme culture conditions lead to the Programmed Cell Death (PCD) of algae, which affects their growth and productivity. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on the physiological and biochemical traits of Scenedesmus sp., thermal freshwater microalgae from Northern Tunisia. It was cultured under different NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 60 g/L. Results showed a good growth and high contents of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in Scenedesmus sp. cultured at 10 g/L of NaCl (salt-stressed 10 (Ss10)). The pigment composition of the Ss10 extract was acquired using HPLC–MS, and showed that the carotenoid fraction is particularly rich in xanthophylls. Moreover, the antioxidant (DPPH and FRAP) and enzymatic inhibition (tyrosinase and elastase) activities of the Ss10 extract were higher compared to those of the control culture. In addition, the cytotoxicity test on B16 cells showed that the Ss10 extract was non-toxic for all tested concentrations below 100 µg/mL. It also showed a rich unsaturated fatty acid (FA) composition. Therefore, these findings suggest that Scenedesmus sp. strain cultivated under mild stress salinity could be a source of biomolecules that have potential applications in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries.

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The Brown Seaweeds of Scotland, Their Importance and Applications

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments8060059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Omar Al-Dulaimi ◽

Mostafa E. Rateb ◽

Andrew S. Hursthouse ◽

Gary Thomson ◽

Mohammed Yaseen

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Extraction And Separation ◽

The Status ◽

Potential Applications ◽

The Uk ◽

Phytochemical Profiles

More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.

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Biological Activities of Melanotropic Peptide Fatty Acid Conjugates

Pigment Cell Research ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0749.1991.tb00436.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 180-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

MAC E. HADLEY ◽

FAHAD AL-OBEIDI ◽

VICTOR J. HRUBY ◽

JONATHAN C. WEINRACH ◽

DOUGLAS FREEDBERG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Biological Activities

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Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7070541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Lúcia P. S. Pimenta ◽

Dhionne C. Gomes ◽

Patrícia G. Cardoso ◽

Jacqueline A. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Water Solubility ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Low Cost ◽

Scale Up ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Downstream Processing ◽

Global Market ◽

Yield Improvement ◽

Potential Applications ◽

New Compounds

Filamentous fungi are known to biosynthesize an extraordinary range of azaphilones pigments with structural diversity and advantages over vegetal-derived colored natural products such agile and simple cultivation in the lab, acceptance of low-cost substrates, speed yield improvement, and ease of downstream processing. Modern genetic engineering allows industrial production, providing pigments with higher thermostability, water-solubility, and promising bioactivities combined with ecological functions. This review, covering the literature from 2020 onwards, focuses on the state-of-the-art of azaphilone dyes, the global market scenario, new compounds isolated in the period with respective biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we discussed the innovations of azaphilone cultivation and extraction techniques, as well as in yield improvement and scale-up. Potential applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and textile industries were also explored.

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Determination of Fatty Acid and Essential Oil Constituents and Biological Activities on Ranunculus pedatus Subsp. pedatus

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2014.16762 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 2156-2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Erdogan ◽

T. Gonenc ◽

B. Demirci ◽

B. Kivçak ◽

K.H.C. Baser

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities

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Manipulation of culture conditions alters lipid content and fatty acid profiles of a wide variety of known and new oleaginous yeast species

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.047 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 360-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Irnayuli R. Sitepu ◽

Ryan Sestric ◽

Laura Ignatia ◽

David Levin ◽

J. Bruce German ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Oleaginous Yeast ◽

Yeast Species ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles

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Fatty acid profiling and molecular characterization of some freshwater microalgae from India with potential for biodiesel production

New Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.nbt.2011.10.009 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 332-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Simrat Kaur ◽

Manas Sarkar ◽

Ravi B. Srivastava ◽

Hemanta K. Gogoi ◽

Mohan C. Kalita

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Freshwater Microalgae ◽

Fatty Acid Profiling

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Fatty acid and metabolomic profiling approaches differentiate heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture conditions in a microalgal food supplement 'Euglena'

BMC Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12896-016-0279-4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Min Zeng ◽

Wenlong Hao ◽

Yongdong Zou ◽

Mengliang Shi ◽

Yongguang Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Food Supplement ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Mixotrophic Culture ◽

Metabolomic Profiling

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Biotechnology-Derived Chitosans with Non-Random Patterns of Acetylation Differ from Conventional Chitosans in Their Properties and Activities

10.26434/chemrxiv.14356088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jasper Wattjes ◽

Sruthi Sreekumar ◽

Anna Niehues ◽

Tamara Mengoni ◽

Ana Carina Loureiro Mendes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Natural Process ◽

Solution Properties ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Random Patterns

Chitosans are versatile biopolymers with multiple biological activities and potential applications. They are linear copolymers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine defined by their degree of polymerization (DP), fraction of acetylation (FA), and pattern of acetylation (PA). Technical chitosans produced chemically from chitin possess defined DP and FA but random PA, while enzymatically produced natural chitosans are likely to have non-random PA. This natural process has not been replicated using biotechnology because chitin de-N-acetylases do not efficiently deacetylate crystalline chitin. Here, we show that such enzymes can partially N-acetylate polyglucosamine in the presence of excess acetate, yielding chitosans with FA up to 0.7 and an enzyme-dependent non-random PA. The biotech chitosans differ from technical chitosans both in terms of physicochemical and nanoscale solution properties and biological activities. As with synthetic block co-polymers, controlling the distribution of building blocks within the biopolymer chain will open a new dimension of chitosan research and exploitation.

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Infection with intracellular parasite Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum induces shifts in associated bacterial communities in microalgae cultures

Journal of Applied Phycology ◽

10.1007/s10811-021-02542-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 2863-2873

Author(s):

Anna-Lena Höger ◽

Carola Griehl ◽

Matthias Noll

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Large Scale ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Scale Production ◽

Market Demand ◽

Freshwater Microalgae

AbstractIn recent years microalgae products have developed increasing market demand, but sustainable industrial production is still challenged by biological stability of large-scale production plants. Yet the relationships between algal hosts, associated microbiomes, and contaminants in photobioreactors remains widely understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal development of microbiomes of four freshwater microalgae species Scenedesmus vacuolatus, Desmodesmus quadricauda, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Botryococcus braunii, in presence and absence of the zoosporic parasite Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum. To compare the effects of sterile and nonsterile culture conditions, infection experiments were performed in sterile laboratory (sterile) and simulated industrial conditions (open). Algal growth (dry weight, optical density, and nutrient consumption) was observed for 21 days, and samples of the associated microbiome were collected for bacterial 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Infection patterns of A. protococcarum were algae species-specific, irrespectively of culture conditions. Bacterial community analysis demonstrated distinct and stable bacterial communities for each algae species, which were mostly dominated by α- and γ-Proteobacteria. Upon aphelid parasitosis, bacterial diversity increased, and community compositions diverged algae-specific over time. Moreover, bacterial functional traits shifted to detoxification, degradation, and cellulolysis once algae were infected. This study provides a first insight into the close connection between algae, associated bacterial microbiomes and appearing contaminants in photobioreactor systems.

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