scholarly journals Effects of Sulfur Assimilation in Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 on Growth, Defense, and Metabolome of Different Brassicaceae

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Je-Seung Jeon ◽  
Desalegn W. Etalo ◽  
Natalia Carreno-Quintero ◽  
Ric C. H. de Vos ◽  
Jos M. Raaijmakers
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Sulfur Assimilation ◽  
Brassica Crop

Genome-wide analysis of plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SS101 (PfSS101) followed by site-directed mutagenesis previously suggested that sulfur assimilation may play an important role in growth promotion and induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Here, we investigated the effects of sulfur metabolism in PfSS101 on growth, defense, and shoot metabolomes of Arabidopsis and the Brassica crop, Broccoli. Root tips of seedlings of Arabidopsis and two Broccoli cultivars were treated with PfSS101 or with a mutant disrupted in the adenylsulfate reductase cysH, a key gene in cysteine and methionine biosynthesis. Phenotyping of plants treated with wild-type PfSS101 or its cysH mutant revealed that sulfur assimilation in PfSS101 was associated with enhanced growth of Arabidopsis but with a reduction in shoot biomass of two Broccoli cultivars. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that cysH-mediated sulfur assimilation in PfSS101 had significant effects on shoot chemistry of Arabidopsis, in particular on chain elongation of aliphatic glucosinolates (GLSs) and on indole metabolites, including camalexin and the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid. In Broccoli, PfSS101 sulfur assimilation significantly upregulated the relative abundance of several shoot metabolites, in particular, indolic GLSs and phenylpropanoids. These metabolome changes in Broccoli plants coincided with PfSS101-mediated suppression of leaf infections by Xanthomonas campestris. Our study showed the metabolic interconnectedness of plants and their root-associated microbiota.

scholarly journals Tomato Bio-Protection Induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 Involves ROS Scavenging Enzymes and PRs, without Compromising Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Ana García-Villaraco ◽  
Lamia Boukerma ◽  
Jose Antonio Lucas ◽  
Francisco Javier Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Aims: to discover the interrelationship between growth, protection and photosynthesis induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 in tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) challenged with the leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, and to define its priming fingerprint. Methods: Photosynthesis was determined by fluorescence; plant protection was evaluated by relative disease incidence, enzyme activities by specific colorimetric assays and gene expression by qPCR. Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging cycle enzymes and pathogenesis related protein activity and expression were determined as metabolic and genetic markers of induction of systemic resistance. Results: N21.4 significantly protected plants and increased dry weight. Growth increase is supported by significant increases in photochemical quenching together with significant decreases in energy dissipation (Non-Photochemical Quenching, NPQ). Protection was associated with changes in ROS scavenging cycle enzymes, which were significantly increased on N21.4 + pathogen challenged plants, supporting the priming effect. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was a good indicator of biotic stress, showing similar levels in pathogen- and N21.4-treated plants. Similarly, the activity of defense-related enzymes, ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase significantly increased in post-pathogen challenge state; changes in gene expression were not coupled to activity. Conclusions: protection does not compromise plant growth; N21.4 priming fingerprint is defined by enhanced photochemical quenching and decreased energy dissipation, enhanced chlorophylls, primed ROS scavenging cycle enzyme activity, and glucanase and chitinase activity.

scholarly journals Impact of root-associated strains of three Paraburkholderia species on primary and secondary metabolism of Brassica oleracea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Seung Jeon ◽  
Natalia Carreno-Quintero ◽  
Henriëtte D. L. M. van Eekelen ◽  
Ric C. H. De Vos ◽  
Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism

AbstractSeveral root-colonizing bacterial species can simultaneously promote plant growth and induce systemic resistance. How these rhizobacteria modulate plant metabolism to accommodate the carbon and energy demand from these two competing processes is largely unknown. Here, we show that strains of three Paraburkholderia species, P. graminis PHS1 (Pbg), P. hospita mHSR1 (Pbh), and P. terricola mHS1 (Pbt), upon colonization of the roots of two Broccoli cultivars led to cultivar-dependent increases in biomass, changes in primary and secondary metabolism and induced resistance against the bacterial leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. Strains that promoted growth led to greater accumulation of soluble sugars in the shoot and particularly fructose levels showed an increase of up to 280-fold relative to the non-treated control plants. Similarly, a number of secondary metabolites constituting chemical and structural defense, including flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, stilbenoids, coumarins and lignins, showed greater accumulation while other resource-competing metabolite pathways were depleted. High soluble sugar generation, efficient sugar utilization, and suppression or remobilization of resource-competing metabolites potentially contributed to curb the tradeoff between the carbon and energy demanding processes induced by Paraburkholderia-Broccoli interaction. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive and integrated view of the temporal changes in plant metabolome associated with rhizobacteria-mediated plant growth promotion and induced resistance.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Screening of Commercial Products Marketed as Systemic Resistance and Plant Growth Promotion Inducers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
Pamela D. Roberts ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
Esa O. Ontermaa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Commercial Products

Six greenhouse trials of five commercial products marketed as systemic resistance (SR) and plant growth promotion (PGP) inducers were evaluated on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) over a 21-month period. The effect of the inducers on treated plants was measured by monitoring plant growth and disease suppression after inoculation with either plant pathogenic bacteria or nematodes. The commercially available SR/PGP inducers included a bacterial suspension [Companion (Bacillus subtilis GB03)], two plant defense elicitors with nutrients (Keyplex 350DP plus Nutri-Phite, and Rezist with Cab'y), natural plant extracts (Liquid Seaweed Concentrate and Stimplex), and a synthetic growth regulator (Actigard 50W). Growth enhancement was noted in some trials, but the parameter of growth affected often varied with trial. Response to Actigard treatment included significant suppression of bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv)] in three of the six trials. Companion, Keyplex 350DP plus Nutri-Phite, Rezist and Cab'y, and seaweed products induced only partial disease suppression of bacterial spot in inoculated tomato plants. The alpha-keto acids plus nutrients (Keyplex 350DP plus Nutri-Phite) increased plant growth by 14.3% and improved root condition compared to the untreated control following exposure to nematodes. Results are encouraging, if not consistent, and with a greater understanding of the SR system and the conditions related to product efficacy, such materials may become effective tools for production agriculture.

scholarly journals Genome Mining and Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens BRZ63, a New Endophyte of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) against Fungal Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8740
Author(s):  
Daria Chlebek ◽  
Artur Pinski ◽  
Joanna Żur ◽  
Justyna Michalska ◽  
Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Genome Mining ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Brassica Napus L

Endophytic bacteria hold tremendous potential for use as biocontrol agents. Our study aimed to investigate the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens BRZ63, a new endophyte of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) against Rhizoctonia solani W70, Colletotrichum dematium K, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum K2291, and Fusarium avenaceum. In addition, features crucial for biocontrol, plant growth promotion, and colonization were assessed and linked with the genome sequences. The in vitro tests showed that BRZ63 significantly inhibited the mycelium growth of all tested pathogens and stimulated germination and growth of oilseed rape seedlings treated with fungal pathogens. The BRZ63 strain can benefit plants by producing biosurfactants, siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, and ammonia as well as phosphate solubilization. The abilities of exopolysaccharide production, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation additionally underline its potential to plant colonization and hence biocontrol. The effective colonization properties of the BRZ63 strain were confirmed by microscopy observations of EGFP-expressing cells colonizing the root surface and epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0. Genome mining identified many genes related to the biocontrol process, such as transporters, siderophores, and other secondary metabolites. All analyses revealed that the BRZ63 strain is an excellent endophytic candidate for biocontrol of various plant pathogens and plant growth promotion.

scholarly journals C4 Bacterial Volatiles Improve Plant Health

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Bruno Henrique Silva Dias ◽  
Sung-Hee Jung ◽  
Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira ◽  
Choong-Min Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Bacterial Volatiles

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with plant roots can trigger plant growth promotion and induced systemic resistance. Several bacterial determinants including cell-wall components and secreted compounds have been identified to date. Here, we review a group of low-molecular-weight volatile compounds released by PGPR, which improve plant health, mostly by protecting plants against pathogen attack under greenhouse and field conditions. We particularly focus on C4 bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs), such as 2,3-butanediol and acetoin, which have been shown to activate the plant immune response and to promote plant growth at the molecular level as well as in large-scale field applications. We also disc/ uss the potential applications, metabolic engineering, and large-scale fermentation of C4 BVCs. The C4 bacterial volatiles act as airborne signals and therefore represent a new type of biocontrol agent. Further advances in the encapsulation procedure, together with the development of standards and guidelines, will promote the application of C4 volatiles in the field.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cysD and cysNC genes form a stress-induced operon that encodes a tri-functional sulfate-activating complex

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1681-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pinto ◽  
Quing Xui Tang ◽  
Warwick J. Britton ◽  
Thomas S. Leyh ◽  
James A. Triccas
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Sulfur Assimilation ◽  
Atp Sulfurylase ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Disease Relevance ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Sulfate Activation ◽  
Reductive Assimilation

Sulfur metabolism has been implicated in the virulence, antibiotic resistance and anti-oxidant defence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite its human disease relevance, sulfur metabolism in mycobacteria has not yet been fully characterized. ATP sulfurylase catalyses the synthesis of activated sulfate (adenosine 5′-phosphosulfate, APS), the first step in the reductive assimilation of sulfate. Expression of the M. tuberculosis cysD gene, predicted to encode the adenylyl-transferase subunit of ATP sulfurylase, is upregulated by the bacilli inside its preferred host, the macrophage. This study demonstrates that cysD and cysNC orthologues exist in M. tuberculosis and constitute an operon whose expression is induced by sulfur limitation and repressed by the presence of cysteine, a major end-product of sulfur assimilation. The cysDNC genes are also induced upon exposure to oxidative stress, suggesting regulation of sulfur assimilation by M. tuberculosis in response to toxic oxidants. To ensure that the cysDNC operon encoded the activities predicted by its primary sequence, and to begin to characterize the products of the operon, they were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and tested for their catalytic activities. The CysD and CysNC proteins were shown to form a multifunctional enzyme complex that exhibits the three linked catalytic activities that constitute the sulfate activation pathway.

scholarly journals Identification of FadT as a Novel Quorum Quenching Enzyme for the Degradation of Diffusible Signal Factor in Cupriavidus pinatubonensis Strain HN-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9862
Author(s):  
Xudan Xu ◽  
Tian Ye ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Tian Zhou ◽  
Xiaofan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Diffusible Signal Factor ◽  
High Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris Pv Campestris ◽  
Potential Use

Quorum sensing (QS) is a microbial cell–cell communication mechanism and plays an important role in bacterial infections. QS-mediated bacterial infections can be blocked through quorum quenching (QQ), which hampers signal accumulation, recognition, and communication. The pathogenicity of numerous bacteria, including Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is regulated by diffusible signal factor (DSF), a well-known fatty acid signaling molecule of QS. Cupriavidus pinatubonensis HN-2 could substantially attenuate the infection of XCC through QQ by degrading DSF. The QQ mechanism in strain HN-2, on the other hand, is yet to be known. To understand the molecular mechanism of QQ in strain HN-2, we used whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics studies. We discovered that the fadT gene encodes acyl-CoA dehydrogenase as a novel QQ enzyme. The results of site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated the requirement of fadT gene for DSF degradation in strain HN-2. Purified FadT exhibited high enzymatic activity and outstanding stability over a broad pH and temperature range with maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 35 °C. No cofactors were required for FadT enzyme activity. The enzyme showed a strong ability to degrade DSF. Furthermore, the expression of fadT in Xcc results in a significant reduction in the pathogenicity in host plants, such as Chinese cabbage, radish, and pakchoi. Taken together, our results identified a novel DSF-degrading enzyme, FadT, in C. pinatubonensis HN-2, which suggests its potential use in the biological control of DSF-mediated pathogens.

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