scholarly journals Self-Assembling β-Glucan Nanomedicine for the Delivery of siRNA

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Kyungwoo Lee ◽  
Daejin Min ◽  
Yonghyun Choi ◽  
Semi Yoon ◽  
Jaehee Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Conformational Transition ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Gene Delivery System ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Design And Manufacture

We aimed to design and manufacture a transporter capable of delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into the skin without causing any damage. β-glucans are unique chiral polysaccharides with well-defined immunological properties and supramolecular wrapping ability. However, the chiral properties of these polymers have hardly been applied in drug delivery systems. In this study, β-glucan nanoparticles were designed and manufactured to deliver genetic material to the target cells. The β-glucan molecules were self-assembled with an siRNA into nanoparticles of 300–400 nm in diameter via a conformational transition process, in order to construct a gene delivery system. The assembled gene nanocarriers were associated with high gene-loading ability. The expression and efficiency of siRNA were verified after its delivery via β-glucan. Our results provide evidence that β-glucan nanoparticles can be effectively used to deliver siRNA into the cells.

Potential strategies for cancer gene therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Cancer Gene Therapy ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Cancer Gene ◽  
P Gene

Gene therapy involves transferring genetic material (DNA or RNA) to repair, regulate or replace genes to cure a disease. One of the most crucial barriers is successful delivery of the targeted gene into the target tissue. Various vector-based approaches have been developed to deliver the transgene to the target cells. In different cancers, numerous of these vectors are being developed for purposes such as immunotherapy, suicide gene therapy, microRNA (miRNA) focused treatment, oncogene silencing, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9. This article reviews several alternatives to cancer gene therapy, as well as their preclinical and clinical outcomes, possible limitations, and overall therapy effects. Ways of delivering cancer gene therapy include direct methods for introducing genetic material. Nonviral vectors are easy to manufacture and may be chemically modified to increase their usefulness. Cationic polymers such as Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and Polyethylenimine (PEI-SS) are the most extensively used polycationic polymers for gene transfer, particularly in vitro. Many RNAi-based therapeutic approaches are approaching the clinical stage, and nanocarriers are likely to play a crucial role in treating specific cancers. In the previous decade, non-viral approaches were used in more than 17 percent of all gene therapy trials. The message is that this is a safe and effective technique for transferring genes to cancer patients who need it to be a safe, successful therapy. Exosomes were developed to carry oncogene-specific short interfering RNA. Sushrut and colleagues revealed that exosomes provide superior carriers of short RNA and prevent tumor growth than liposomes. Inhalation-based gene therapy (aerosol-mediated gene delivery) has gained pace as a feasible treatment approach, especially for lung cancer. Because the intended transgene is steered to specific cells/tissues, this should further increase therapeutic efficiency.

Platelets in cancer development and diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Contursi ◽  
Rosalia Grande ◽  
Melania Dovizio ◽  
Annalisa Bruno ◽  
Rosa Fullone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Tumor Immune Escape ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Tumor Drugs

Platelets are involved in the development and progression of cancer through several mechanisms. Platelet activation at the site of tissue damage contributes to the initiation of a cascade of events which promote tumorigenesis. In fact, platelets release a wide array of proteins, including growth and angiogenic factors, lipids and extracellular vesicles rich in genetic material, which can mediate the induction of phenotypic changes in target cells, such as immune, stromal and tumor cells, and promote carcinogenesis and metastasis formation. Importantly, the role of platelets in tumor immune escape has been described. These lines of evidence open the way to novel strategies to fight cancer based on the use of antiplatelet agents. In addition to their ability to release factors, platelets are able of up-taking proteins and genetic material present in the bloodstream. Platelets are like ‘sentinels’ of the disease state. The evaluation of proteomics and transcriptomics signature of platelets and platelet-derived microparticles could represent a new strategy for the development of biomarkers for early cancer detection and/or therapeutic drug monitoring in cancer chemotherapy. Owing to the ability of platelets to interact with cancer cells and to deliver their cargo, platelets have been proposed as a ‘biomimetic drug delivery system’ for anti-tumor drugs to prevent the occurrence of off-target adverse events associated with the use of traditional chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Parkinson’s Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Leggio ◽  
Greta Paternò ◽  
Silvia Vivarelli ◽  
Francesca L’Episcopo ◽  
Cataldo Tirolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring membranous structures secreted by normal and diseased cells, and carrying a wide range of bioactive molecules. In the central nervous system (CNS), EVs are important in both homeostasis and pathology. Through receptor–ligand interactions, direct fusion, or endocytosis, EVs interact with their target cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that EVs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), including Parkinson′s disease (PD). PD is the second most common ND, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons within the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In PD, EVs are secreted by both neurons and glial cells, with either beneficial or detrimental effects, via a complex program of cell-to-cell communication. The functions of EVs in PD range from their etiopathogenetic relevance to their use as diagnostic tools and innovative carriers of therapeutics. Because they can cross the blood–brain barrier, EVs can be engineered to deliver bioactive molecules (e.g., small interfering RNAs, catalase) within the CNS. This review summarizes the latest findings regarding the role played by EVs in PD etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, with a particular focus on their use as novel PD nanotherapeutics.

scholarly journals CD81 Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Viral Infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1448-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Glenn Randall ◽  
Adrian Higginbottom ◽  
Peter Monk ◽  
Charles M. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Efficient Cell Culture System ◽  
Human Liver Cell

ABSTRACT CD81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, its role in HCV cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. We have examined the role of CD81 in HCV glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pseudotypes bearing HCV E1E2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. Although all of the permissive cell lines express CD81, CD81 expression alone is not sufficient to allow viral entry. CD81 is required for HIV-HCV pseudotype infection since (i) a monoclonal antibody specific for CD81 inhibited infection of susceptible target cells and (ii) silencing of CD81 expression in Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells by small interfering RNAs inhibited HIV-HCV pseudotype infection. Furthermore, expression of CD81 in human liver cells that were previously resistant to infection, HepG2 and HH29, conferred permissivity of HCV pseudotype infection. The characterization of chimeric CD9/CD81 molecules confirmed that the large extracellular loop of CD81 is a determinant for viral entry. These data suggest a functional role for CD81 as a coreceptor for HCV glycoprotein-dependent viral cell entry.

scholarly journals Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevindzh Kletukhina ◽  
Olga Neustroeva ◽  
Victoria James ◽  
Albert Rizvanov ◽  
Marina Gomzikova
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
New Evidence

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that takes place during embryonic development, wound healing, and under some pathological processes, including fibrosis and tumor progression. The molecular changes occurring within epithelial cells during transformation to a mesenchymal phenotype have been well studied. However, to date, the mechanism of EMT induction remains to be fully elucidated. Recent findings in the field of intercellular communication have shed new light on this process and indicate the need for further studies into this important mechanism. New evidence supports the hypothesis that intercellular communication between mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSCs) and resident epithelial cells plays an important role in EMT induction. Besides direct interactions between cells, indirect paracrine interactions by soluble factors and extracellular vesicles also occur. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication, through the transfer of biologically active molecules, genetic material (mRNA, microRNA, siRNA, DNA), and EMT inducers to the target cells, which are capable of reprogramming recipient cells. In this review, we discuss the role of intercellular communication by EVs to induce EMT and the acquisition of stemness properties by normal and tumor epithelial cells.

Generation, application and quantification of clamp–BioShuttle carriers for plasmid delivery into nuclei of prostate cancer cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pipkorn ◽  
W. Waldeck ◽  
J.W. Jenne ◽  
B. Didinger ◽  
K. Braun
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cells ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Plasmid Delivery

This paper presents the BioShuttle platform as a delivery vehicle for transfer of contrast agents and genetic material into target cells, which can be followed by activation of the BioShuttle inside the target cell. Here, we present a transporter system and summarize the findings on transporter use in vivo and in vitro. The results here are limited to examples where cargoes (drugs, genetically active materials or contrast agents) are covalently associated with the transporter module. A further example, in which the cargo is non-covalently attached to the BioShuttle, is also discussed. Finally, attempts have been made to solve some of the issues surrounding the efficiency of transfer of therapeutic or diagnostic agents and their later activity in the cell.

scholarly journals Active Targeting Strategies Using Biological Ligands for Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihye Yoo ◽  
Changhee Park ◽  
Gawon Yi ◽  
Donghyun Lee ◽  
Heebeom Koo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery

Targeting nanoparticle (NP) carriers to sites of disease is critical for their successful use as drug delivery systems. Along with optimization of physicochemical properties, researchers have focused on surface modification of NPs with biological ligands. Such ligands can bind specific receptors on the surface of target cells. Furthermore, biological ligands can facilitate uptake of modified NPs, which is referred to as ‘active targeting’ of NPs. In this review, we discuss recent applications of biological ligands including proteins, polysaccharides, aptamers, peptides, and small molecules for NP-mediated drug delivery. We prioritized studies that have demonstrated targeting in animals over in vitro studies. We expect that this review will assist biomedical researchers working with NPs for drug delivery and imaging.

scholarly journals Splenic Gene Delivery System Using Self-assembling Nano-complex with Phosphatidylserine Analog

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Kurosaki ◽  
Chihiro Nakasone ◽  
Yukinobu Kodama ◽  
Kanoko Egashira ◽  
Hitomi Harasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Gene Delivery System ◽  
Self Assembling
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