scholarly journals Molecular Imaging of Immunity and Inflammation and Its Impact on Precision Medicine

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Moritz Wildgruber ◽  
Michel Eisenblätter
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathophysiological Condition

Biomedical research has, over the past decades, found components of the immune system at the functional center of almost every pathophysiological condition and disease [...]

Ultrastructure and analytical microprobe analysis of simian lung mite pigments

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
R. W. Cole ◽  
J. C. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Old World ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lung Mite ◽  
Mite Infestations ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System

In recent years, non-human primates have become indispensable as experimental animals in many fields of biomedical research. Pharmaceutical and related industries alone use about 2000,000 primates a year. Respiratory mite infestations in lungs of old world monkeys are of particular concern because the resulting tissue damage can directly effect experimental results, especially in those studies involving the cardiopulmonary system. There has been increasing documentation of primate parasitology in the past twenty years.

Enzyme-Instructed Self-assembly in Biological Milieu for Theranostics Purpose

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhentao Huang ◽  
Qingxin Yao ◽  
Simin Wei ◽  
Jiali Chen ◽  
Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Enzymatic Conversion ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Milieu

Precision medicine is in an urgent need for public healthcare. Among the past several decades, the flourishing development in nanotechnology significantly advances the realization of precision nanomedicine. Comparing to well-documented nanoparticlebased strategy, in this review, we focus on the strategy using enzyme instructed selfassembly (EISA) in biological milieu for theranostics purpose. In principle, the design of small molecules for EISA requires two aspects: (1) the substrate of enzyme of interest; and (2) self-assembly potency after enzymatic conversion. This strategy has shown its irreplaceable advantages in nanomedicne, specifically for cancer treatments and Vaccine Adjuvants. Interestingly, all the reported examples rely on only one kind of enzymehydrolase. Therefore, we envision that the application of EISA strategy just begins and will lead to a new paradigm in nanomedicine.

scholarly journals Molecular Pathogenesis of Hodgkin Lymphoma: Past, Present, Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bienz ◽  
Salima Ramdani ◽  
Hans Knecht
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The Past

Our understanding of the tumorigenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and the formation of Reed–Sternberg cells (RS-cells) has evolved drastically in the last decades. More recently, a better characterization of the signaling pathways and the cellular interactions at play have paved the way for new targeted therapy in the hopes of improving outcomes. However, important gaps in knowledge remain that may hold the key for significant changes of paradigm in this lymphoma. Here, we discuss the past, present, and future of cHL, and review in detail the more recent discoveries pertaining to genetic instability, anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, the tumoral microenvironment, and host-immune system evasion in cHL.

scholarly journals SpheroidPicker for automated 3D cell culture manipulation using deep learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Grexa ◽  
Akos Diosdi ◽  
Maria Harmati ◽  
Andras Kriston ◽  
Nikita Moshkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Syringe Pump ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Past

AbstractRecent statistics report that more than 3.7 million new cases of cancer occur in Europe yearly, and the disease accounts for approximately 20% of all deaths. High-throughput screening of cancer cell cultures has dominated the search for novel, effective anticancer therapies in the past decades. Recently, functional assays with patient-derived ex vivo 3D cell culture have gained importance for drug discovery and precision medicine. We recently evaluated the major advancements and needs for the 3D cell culture screening, and concluded that strictly standardized and robust sample preparation is the most desired development. Here we propose an artificial intelligence-guided low-cost 3D cell culture delivery system. It consists of a light microscope, a micromanipulator, a syringe pump, and a controller computer. The system performs morphology-based feature analysis on spheroids and can select uniform sized or shaped spheroids to transfer them between various sample holders. It can select the samples from standard sample holders, including Petri dishes and microwell plates, and then transfer them to a variety of holders up to 384 well plates. The device performs reliable semi- and fully automated spheroid transfer. This results in highly controlled experimental conditions and eliminates non-trivial side effects of sample variability that is a key aspect towards next-generation precision medicine.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells and oncolytic viruses: joining forces against cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e001684
Author(s):  
Rafael Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Immunogenic Cell Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Immunogenic Properties ◽  
New Strategies

The development of oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increased significantly in the past 20 years, with many candidates entering clinical trials and three of them receiving approval for some indications. Recently, OVs have also gathered interest as candidates to use in combination with immunotherapies for cancer due to their immunogenic properties, which include immunogenic cell death and the possibility to carry therapeutic transgenes in their genomes. OVs transform non-immunogenic ‘cold’ tumors into inflamed immunogenic ‘hot’ tumors, where immunotherapies show the highest efficacy. However, in monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy, OVs face numerous challenges that limit their successful application, in particular upon systemic administration, such as liver sequestration, neutralizing interactions in blood, physical barriers to infection, and fast clearance by the immune system. In this regard, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cells carrier for OV delivery addresses many of these obstacles acting as virus carriers and factories, expressing additional transgenes, and modulating the immune system. Here, I review the current progress of OVs-loaded MSCs in cancer, focusing on their interaction with the immune system, and discuss new strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of machine learning methods in biomedical research

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Koohy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Learning Techniques

In the era of explosion in biological data, machine learning techniques are becoming more popular in life sciences, including biology and medicine. This research note examines the rise and fall of the most commonly used machine learning techniques in life sciences over the past three decades.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Preparation, Property, and Biomedical Application

Gels ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Sihang Liu ◽  
Jingyi Tang ◽  
Fangqin Ji ◽  
Weifeng Lin ◽  
Shengfu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Nonspecific Protein Adsorption ◽  
Anionic Groups

Nonspecific protein adsorption impedes the sustainability of materials in biologically related applications. Such adsorption activates the immune system by quick identification of allogeneic materials and triggers a rejection, resulting in the rapid failure of implant materials and drugs. Antifouling materials have been rapidly developed in the past 20 years, from natural polysaccharides (such as dextran) to synthetic polymers (such as polyethylene glycol, PEG). However, recent studies have shown that traditional antifouling materials, including PEG, still fail to overcome the challenges of a complex human environment. Zwitterionic materials are a class of materials that contain both cationic and anionic groups, with their overall charge being neutral. Compared with PEG materials, zwitterionic materials have much stronger hydration, which is considered the most important factor for antifouling. Among zwitterionic materials, zwitterionic hydrogels have excellent structural stability and controllable regulation capabilities for various biomedical scenarios. Here, we first describe the mechanism and structure of zwitterionic materials. Following the preparation and property of zwitterionic hydrogels, recent advances in zwitterionic hydrogels in various biomedical applications are reviewed.

scholarly journals Explainable Transformer-Based Neural Network forthe Prediction of Survival Outcomes in Non-SmallCell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Arango ◽  
Elly Kipkogei ◽  
Etai Jacob ◽  
Ioannis Kagiampakis ◽  
Arijit Patra
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Clinical Measurements

In this paper, we introduce the Clinical Transformer - a recasting of the widely used transformer architecture as a method for precision medicine to model relations between molecular and clinical measurements, and the survival of cancer patients. Although the emergence of immunotherapy offers a new hope for cancer patients with dramatic and durable responses having been reported, only a subset of patients demonstrate benefit. Such treatments do not directly target the tumor but recruit the patient immune system to fight the disease. Therefore, the response to therapy is more complicated to understand as it is affected by the patients physical condition, immune system fitness and the tumor. As in text, where the semantics of a word is dependent on the context of the sentence it belongs to, in immuno-therapy a biomarker may have limited meaning if measured independent of other clinical or molecular features. Hence, we hypothesize that the transformer-inspired model may potentially enable effective modelling of the semantics of different biomarkers with respect to patient survival time. Herein, we demonstrate that this approach can offer an attractive alternative to the survival models utilized incurrent practices as follows: (1) We formulate an embedding strategy applied to molecular and clinical data obtained from the patients. (2) We propose a customized objective function to predict patient survival. (3) We show the applicability of our proposed method to bioinformatics and precision medicine. Applying the clinical transformer to several immuno-oncology clinical studies, we demonstrate how the clinical transformer outperforms other linear and non-linear methods used in current practice for survival prediction. We also show that when initializing the weights of a domain-specific transformer by the weights of a cross-domain transformer, we further improve the predictions. Lastly, we show how the attention mechanism successfully captures some of the known biology behind these therapies

scholarly journals When the past informs our future

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail LaBella
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Healthy Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Fetal Interface

Comparing the genes expressed at the maternal-fetal interface in different species helps to pinpoint those that contribute to a healthy pregnancy by regulating the activity of the immune system.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Inappropriate Image Duplication in Biomedical Research Publications

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Ferric C. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Marked Variation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Actual Prevalence

ABSTRACT Inaccurate data in scientific papers can result from honest error or intentional falsification. This study attempted to determine the percentage of published papers that contain inappropriate image duplication, a specific type of inaccurate data. The images from a total of 20,621 papers published in 40 scientific journals from 1995 to 2014 were visually screened. Overall, 3.8% of published papers contained problematic figures, with at least half exhibiting features suggestive of deliberate manipulation. The prevalence of papers with problematic images has risen markedly during the past decade. Additional papers written by authors of papers with problematic images had an increased likelihood of containing problematic images as well. As this analysis focused only on one type of data, it is likely that the actual prevalence of inaccurate data in the published literature is higher. The marked variation in the frequency of problematic images among journals suggests that journal practices, such as prepublication image screening, influence the quality of the scientific literature.

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