scholarly journals An Optical Smartphone-Based Inspection Platform for Identification of Diseased Orchids

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Kuan-Chieh Lee ◽  
Yen-Hsiang Wang ◽  
Wen-Chun Wei ◽  
Ming-Hsien Chiang ◽  
Ting-En Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Cymbidium Mosaic Virus ◽  
Remote Server ◽  
Android App ◽  
Testing Accuracy ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Infections of orchids by the Odontoglossum ringspot virus or Cymbidium mosaic virus cause orchid disfiguration and are a substantial source of economic loss for orchid farms. Although immunoassays can identify these infections, immunoassays are expensive, time consuming, and labor consuming and limited to sampling-based testing methods. This study proposes a noncontact inspection platform that uses a spectrometer and Android smartphone. When orchid leaves are illuminated with a handheld optical probe, the Android app based on the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence can display the measured florescence spectrum and determine the infection status within 3 s by using an algorithm hosted on a remote server. The algorithm was trained on optical data and the results of polymerase chain reaction assays. The testing accuracy of the algorithm was 89%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 91%; thus, the platform with the algorithm was accurate and convenient for infection screening in orchids.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Results with Routine Blood Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tschoellitsch ◽  
Martin Dünser ◽  
Carl Böck ◽  
Karin Schwarzbauer ◽  
Jens Meier
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Objective The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory secretions, blood, or stool. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly used method to test for SARS-CoV-2. Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis, we evaluated whether machine learning could exclude SARS-CoV-2 infection using routinely available laboratory values. A Random Forests algorithm with 1353 unique features was trained to predict the RT-PCR results. Results Out of 12,848 patients undergoing SARS-CoV-2 testing, routine blood tests were simultaneously performed in 1528 patients. The machine learning model could predict SARS-CoV-2 test results with an accuracy of 86% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Conclusion Machine learning methods can reliably predict a negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test result using standard blood tests.

Three plasma-based microRNAs as potent diagnostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Xingchen Fan ◽  
Minmin Cao ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Chunyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Plasma Mirnas

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), with noticeable stability and unique expression pattern in plasma of patients with various diseases, are powerful non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection including endometrial cancer (EC). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify promising miRNA biomarkers in plasma to assist the clinical screening of EC. METHODS: A total of 93 EC and 79 normal control (NC) plasma samples were analyzed using Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in this four-stage experiment. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic value. Additionally, the expression features of the identified miRNAs were further explored in tissues and plasma exosomes samples. RESULTS: The expression of miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, and miR-151a-5p was significantly overexpressed in the plasma of EC patients compared with NCs. Areas under the ROC curve of the 3-miRNA signature were 0.729, 0.751, and 0.789 for the training, testing, and external validation phases, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the identified signature proved to be stable in the three public datasets and superior to the other miRNA biomarkers in EC diagnosis. Moreover, the expression of miR-151a-5p was significantly elevated in EC plasma exosomes. CONCLUSIONS: A signature consisting of 3 plasma miRNAs was identified and showed potential for the non-invasive diagnosis of EC.

Sistem Keamanan Gedung Menggunakan Kinect Xbox 360 Dengan Metode Skeletal Tracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142
Author(s):  
Hamdi Alchudri ◽  
Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Optical Data ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Sensor Reading ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Cloud Server ◽  
User Data ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The incidence of fire and theft is very threatening and causes disruption to people's lifestyles, both due to natural and human factors resulting in loss of life, damage to the environment, loss of property and property, and psychological impacts. The purpose of this study is to create a building security system using Kinect Xbox 360 which can be used to detect fires and loss of valuable objects. The data transmission method uses the Internet of Things (IoT) and skeletal tracking. Skeletal detection uses Arduino Uno which is connected to a fire sensor and Kinect to detect suspicious movements connected to a PC. Kinect uses biometric authentication to automatically enter user data by recognizing objects and detecting skeletons including height, facial features and shoulder length. The ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) value of the fire sensor reading has a range between 200-300. The fire sensor detects the presence of fire through optical data analysis containing ultraviolet, infrared or visual images of fire. The data generated by Kinect by detecting the recognition of the skeleton of the main point of the human body known as the skeleton, where the reading point is authenticated by Kinect from a range of 1.5-3 meters which is declared the optimal measurement, and if a fire occurs, the pump motor will spray water randomly. to extinguish the fire that is connected to the internet via the wifi module. The data displayed is in the form of a graph on the Thingspeak cloud server service. Notification of fire and theft information using the delivery system from input to database

scholarly journals Different expression pattern of human cytomegalovirus-encoded microRNAs in circulation from virus latency to reactivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Zhou ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Meng Ding ◽  
Yuying Bian ◽  
Yujie Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Virus Latency ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-hersvirinae that has a high latent infection rate worldwide and can cause serious consequences in immunocompromised patients when reactivation; however, the mechanism of how HCMV convert from latent to reactivation has rarely been investigated. In the present study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis of the HCMV-encoded microRNA (miRNA) profile in serum of patients upon HCMV reactivation from latency and to further evaluate its clinical significance for the disease monitoring and preventing usefulness. Methods Serum samples from 59 viremia patients and 60 age-gender matched controls were enrolled in this study for screening and validation of different expression of HCMV miRNAs. Serum concentrations of 22 known HCMV miRNAs were determined by a hydrolysis probe-based stem-loop quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. HCMV DNA was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) with the whole blood sample. Serum HCMV IgG and IgM were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Another 47 samples from 5 patients at different time points were collected to evaluate the monitoring effectiveness and disease prediction ability of differential expression HCMV-miRNAs during the antiviral treatment. Results The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the serum levels of 16 of the 22 examined HCMV miRNAs were elevated in HCMV viremia patients compared with controls, and a profile of 8 HCMV miRNAs including hcmv-miR-US25-2-3p, hcmv-miR-US4-5p, hcmv-miR-US25-2-5p, hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p, hcmv-miR-US25-1, hcmv-miR-UL36, hcmv-miR-UL148D, hcmv-miR-US29-3p were markedly elevated (fold change > 2, P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were performed on the selected HCMV-miRNAs in all of the patients and controls that enrolled in this study, and which ranged from 0.72 to 0.80 in the autoimmune patients. In addition, hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p levels were significantly correlated with HCMV DNA load (r = 0.349, P = 0.007), and were obviously higher in the reactivation set than the latency set in the autoimmune patients, which could be a predictor for the monitoring of the antiviral treatment. Conclusions HCMV miRNAs profile showed markedly shift-switch from latency to reactivation in circulation from HCMV infected patients and hcmv-miR-US25-1-3p may be served as a predictor for the switch upon reactivation from latency in patients suffered with autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Approaching the Communication Constraints of Ethereum-Based Decentralized Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matevž Pustišek ◽  
Anton Umek ◽  
Andrej Kos
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Remote Server ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Store Location ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Those working on Blockchain technologies have described several new innovative directions and novel services in the Internet of things (IoT), including decentralized trust, trusted and verifiable execution of smart contracts, and machine-to-machine communications and automation that reach beyond the mere exchange of data. However, applying blockchain principles in the IoT is a challenge due to the constraints of the end devices. Because of fierce cost pressure, the hardware resources in these devices are usually reduced to the minimum necessary for operation. To achieve the high coverage needed, low bitrate mobile or wireless technologies are frequently applied, so the communication is often constrained, too. These constraints make the implementation of blockchain nodes for IoT as standalone end-devices impractical or even impossible. We therefore investigated possible design approaches to decentralized applications based on the Ethereum blockchain for the IoT. We proposed and evaluated three application architectures differing in communication, computation, storage, and security requirements. In a pilot setup we measured and analyzed the data traffic needed to run the blockchain clients and their applications. We found out that with the appropriate designs and the remote server architecture we can strongly reduce the storage and communication requirements imposed on devices, with predictable security implications. Periodic device traffic is reduced to 2400 B/s (HTTP) and 170 B/s (Websocket) from about 18 kB/s in the standalone-device full client architecture. A notification about a captured blockchain event and the corresponding verification resulted in about 2000 B of data. A transaction sent from the application to the client resulted in an about 500 B (HTTP) and 300 B message (Websocket). The key store location, which affects the serialization of a transaction, only had a small influence on the transaction-related data. Raw transaction messages were 45 B larger than when passing the JSON transaction objects. These findings provide directions for fog/cloud IoT application designers to avoid unrealistic expectations imposed upon their IoT devices and blockchain technologies, and enable them to select the appropriate system design according to the intended use case and system constraints. However, for very low bit-rate communication networks, new communication protocols for device to blockchain-client need to be considered.

TURKEY CORONAVIRUS: AN UPDATED REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ning Chen ◽  
Ching Ching Wu ◽  
Tsang Long Lin
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Turkey Coronavirus ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
S Genes

Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) causes acute atrophic enteritis and uneven flock growth in turkey farms leading to economic loss. Since 1990's, turkey flocks have kept experiencing coronaviral enteritis sporadically in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Brazil. Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) caused by the co-infection of TCoV, astrovirus, and other viruses or bacteria resulted in significantly high mortality. Diagnosis of TCoV depends on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescent antibody assay and virus isolation (VI). Genomic organization of TCoV is as follows: 5′ UTR-1a-1b-S-3a-3b-E-M-5a-5b-N-UTR 3′. Genomic analysis suggests the emergence of TCoV from infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) through the recombination of spike (S) gene. Both TCoV and IBV belong to species Avian coronavirus in genus Gammacoronavirus and have a single stranded RNA genome with a size about 27 kb. High similarity of S genes has been found between TCoV isolates in contrast to low similarity between IBV strains. TCoV infection induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses, characterized by high levels of antibody and interferon gamma. The fragment containing neutralizing epitopes in the S protein has been identified. Vaccines conferring protection against TCoV have not been developed and used in the fields but live attenuated, killed, DNA, and fowlpox virus vectored vaccines have been generated and their efficacies were evaluated. Molecular epidemiology of TCoV in recent outbreaks sheds more information on the evolution and transmission of TCoV, which will aid in developing effective vaccines or treatment to prevent, control, or eliminate TCoV infection.

scholarly journals Encephalitozoon hellem in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Black ◽  
L. A. Steinohrt ◽  
D. C. Bertucci ◽  
L. B. Rogers ◽  
E. S. Didier
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Human Infections

Microsporidiosis with concurrent megabacteriosis in budgerigar ( Melopsittacus undulatus) chicks contributed to significant economic loss in a commercial pet bird aviary in Mississippi. Three budgerigar chicks, 1-2 weeks old, from the aviary were necropsied. Microscopic lesions in the chicks consisted of heavy infection of enterocytes with microsporidia (2/3; autolysis precluded critical evaluation of the intestine of chick No. 2), multifocal hepatic necrosis and inflammation with intralesional microsporidia (1/3), spherical clusters of microsporidia in the hepatic sinusoids in the absence of inflammation (1/3), and gastric megabacteriosis (3/3). The ultrastructure of the microsporidian spores was consistent with an Encephalitozoon species. The polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis were used to identify the microsporidian as Encephalitozoon hellem, an organism that has only been identified in humans. Encephalitozoon hellem causes keratoconjunctivitis and respiratory infections in humans with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This report presents the first confirmed case of microsporidiosis in budgerigars. The finding of E. hellem in pet birds may be important in elucidating the epidemiology of human infections with this organism.

scholarly journals DNA Amplification Technique for Detection of Bovine Brucellosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Susan Maphilindawati Noor
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Finger Printing ◽  
Amplification Technique ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

Brucellosis is one of cattle diseases which causes a very significant economic loss and categorized as zoonotic disease. Early detection of Brucellosis in livestock is very important to prevent the spread of disease to livestock and humans. The success of Brucellosis control depends on rapid, sensitive and specific detection methods. The aim of this paper is to review several methods of Brucellosis detection in cattle. Currently, the detection of Brucellosis in Indonesia is using serological and isolation methods. The latter method is the gold standard of Brucellosis diagnosis, however, its sensitivity is low. Therefore, molecular techniques with DNA amplification have been developed and applied in many countries both in livestock and humans because they are more sensitive, specific and rapid in detecting Brucella sp in blood, milk and semen samples. Various DNA amplification methods for detection of Brucellosis that have been developed including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), finger printing and loop-mediated isothermal amplificatiom (LAMP). Both PCR and LAMP are more sensitive and specific in detecting Brucella sp than conventional techniques. PCR technique has advantages in detecting Brucella sp species to serotype and biovar levels. In addition, PCR reagents are cheaper and easier to obtain than LAMP eventhough, LAMP procedure is simpler and faster.

scholarly journals Upregulation of the RNF8 gene can predict the presence of sperm in azoospermic individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Majid Nazari ◽  
Emad Babakhanzadeh ◽  
S. Mohsen Aghaei Zarch ◽  
Mehrdad Talebi ◽  
Nima Narimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Nonobstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: In this study, specimens from testicular biopsies of men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) were used to investigate whether <i>RNF8</i> gene could serve as a biomarker to predict the presence of sperm in these patients.Methods: Testicular biopsy specimens from 47 patients were classified according to the presence of sperm (positive vs. negative groups) and investigated for the expression of <i>RNF8</i>. The level of <i>RNF8</i> gene expression in the testes was compared between these groups using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results: The expression level of <i>RNF8</i> was significantly higher in testicular samples from the positive group than in those from the negative group. Moreover, the area under the curve of <i>RNF8</i> expression for the entire study population was 0.84, showing the discriminatory power of <i>RNF8</i> expression in differentiating between the positive and negative groups of men with NOA. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that <i>RNF8</i> expression had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 84%, with a cutoff level of 1.76.Conclusion: This study points out a significant association between the expression of <i>RNF8</i> and the presence of sperm in NOA patients, which suggests that quantified <i>RNF8</i> expression in testicular biopsy samples may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the presence of spermatozoa in biopsy samples.

scholarly journals Longevity-Related Gene Transcriptomic Signature in Glioblastoma Multiforme

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal S. Fawzy ◽  
Dahlia I. Badran ◽  
Essam Al Ageeli ◽  
Saeed Awad M. Al-Qahtani ◽  
Saleh Ali Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Transcriptomic Signature ◽  
Gene Expression Quantification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Performance

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (grade IV astrocytoma) has been assumed to be the most fatal type of glioma with low survival and high recurrence rates, even after prompt surgical removal and aggressive courses of treatment. Transcriptional reprogramming to stem cell-like state could explain some of the deregulated molecular signatures in GBM disease. The present study aimed to quantify the expression profiling of longevity-related transcriptional factors SOX2, OCT3/4, and NANOG to evaluate their diagnostic and performance values in high-grade gliomas. Forty-four specimens were obtained from glioblastoma patients (10 females and 34 males). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied for relative gene expression quantification. In silico network analysis was executed. NANOG and OCT3/4 mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated while that of SOX2 was upregulated in cancer compared to noncancer tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed high diagnostic performance of NANOG and OCT3/4 than SOX2. However, the aberrant expressions of the genes studied were not associated with the prognostic variables in the current population. In conclusion, the current study highlighted the aberrant expression of certain longevity-associated transcription factors in glioblastoma multiforme which may direct the attention towards new strategies in the treatment of such lethal disease.

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