scholarly journals Cognition, The Menstrual Cycle, and Premenstrual Disorders: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Le ◽  
Natalie Thomas ◽  
Caroline Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
Convenient Model

Sex hormones, such as estrogens, progesterone, and testosterone, have a significant influence on brain, behavior, and cognitive functioning. The menstrual cycle has been a convenient model to examine how subtle fluctuations of these hormones can relate to emotional and cognitive functioning. The aim of the current paper is to provide a narrative review of studies investigating cognitive functioning in association with the menstrual cycle in biological females, with a focus on studies that have investigated cognitive functioning across the menstrual cycle in females with premenstrual mood disorders, such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). In line with previous reviews, the current review concluded that there is a lack of consistent findings regarding cognitive functioning across the menstrual cycle. Most studies focused on changes in levels of blood estrogen, and neglected to explore the role of other hormones, such as progesterone, on cognitive functioning. Cognitive research involving premenstrual disorders is in its infancy, and it remains unclear whether any cognitive disturbances that are identified may be attributed to negative experience of mood and psychological symptoms or be a more direct effect of hormonal dysregulation or sensitivity. Suggestions for future research are provided.

Disorganized attachment and psychological symptoms in children with somatic symptoms disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S128-S129
Author(s):  
F. Bizzi ◽  
S. Charpentier Mora ◽  
D. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Future Research

IntroductionSomatic symptoms disorders (SSD) are one of the most neglected areas in child and adolescent psychiatry (Mohapatra et al., 2014). SSD are characterized by multiple and variable physical symptoms without demonstrable pathophysiological processes. Literature has investigated the role of several psychological variables in SSD, with inconclusive data. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies on middle-childhood and early adolescence in this clinical condition.ObjectivesWe focus on the role of attachment and on psychological aspects in children with SSD.AimsThe aims are to verify the presence of:– an overrepresentation of attachment disorganization in these children;– an overrepresentation of psychological symptoms.MethodsFifty-six consecutive Italian patients with SSD, aged from 8 to 15, were administered Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) and Child Attachment Interview (Shmueli-Goetz et al., 2000).ResultsFindings showed:– a significant presence of disorganized attachment with respect to both parents;– high levels of anxiety and depression.ConclusionThis study extended previous research in middle-childhood and early adolescence in SSD. The findings support the influence of the disorganization aspects and the psychological problems surrounding the SSD. The clinical implications for future research directions are discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals EXAMINING THE DETERMINANTS AND OUTCOMES OF SUBJECTIVE AGING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S384-S384
Author(s):  
Allyson F Brothers ◽  
Serena Sabatini ◽  
Shevaun D Neupert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Subjective Aging

Abstract Given a growing body of evidence for the developmental relevance of the perceived experience of aging and for the presence of interindividual variability in the way people experience aging, this symposium examines the determinants and outcomes of various subjective aging constructs. This session will explore the role of various psychological variables in explaining variability in subjective aging experiences. Consequences of various subjective aging concepts on cognitive functioning, emotional and physical well-being will also be discussed. The first two presentations examine Attitudes Toward Own Aging (ATOA). Kornadt, Siebert and Wahl will address the developmental co-dynamics of personality and ATOA across the second half of life. Siebert and Wahl will examine the associations of ATOA with subjective and objective cognitive functioning. The last two presentations focus on awareness of age-related change (AARC). Sabatini, Silarova, Collins, Martyr, Ballard, Anstey, Kim & Clare will present findings from a systematic-review and meta-analysis synthesizing and quantifying associations of awareness of age-related change (AARC) with emotional and physical well-being and cognitive functioning. Finally, Rothermund and de Paula Couto will show how both the experience of positive and/or negative changes (gains and losses) and the presence of positive and/or negative age stereotypes predict individual’s attributions of change to age. This last presentation will also examine how together the presence of change and attribution of change to age predict developmental outcomes. The symposium will conclude with summarizing remarks from the discussant who suggests possible directions for future research on determinants and outcomes of perceived experience of aging.

scholarly journals Role of Natural Killer Cells during Pregnancy and Related Complications

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Deviyani Mahajan ◽  
Neeta Raj Sharma ◽  
Sudhakar Kancharla ◽  
Prachetha Kolli ◽  
Ashutosh Tripathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unk Cells

A high number of leucocytes reside in the human endometrium and are distributed differentially during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. During early pregnancy, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are the most common type of natural killer (NK) cells in the uterus. The increase in the number of uterine NK (uNK) cells during the mid-secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, followed by further increase of dNK cells in early pregnancy, has heightened interest in their involvement during pregnancy. Extensive research has revealed various roles of dNK cells during pregnancy including the formation of new blood vessels, migration of trophoblasts, and immunological tolerance. The present review article is focused on the significance of NK cells during pregnancy and their role in pregnancy-related diseases. The article will provide an in-depth review of cellular and molecular interactions during pregnancy and related disorders, with NK cells playing a pivotal role. Moreover, this study will help researchers to understand the physiology of normal pregnancy and related complications with respect to NK cells, so that future research work can be designed to alleviate the complications.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1761-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Feast ◽  
Esme Moniz-Cook ◽  
Charlotte Stoner ◽  
Georgina Charlesworth ◽  
Martin Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

ABSTRACTBackground:Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD) are important predictors of institutionalization as well as caregiver burden and depression. Previous reviews have tended to group BPSD as one category with little focus on the role of the individual symptoms. This review investigates the role of the individual symptoms of BPSD in relation to the impact on different measures of family caregiver well-being.Methods:Systematic review and meta-analysis of papers published in English between 1980 and December 2015 reporting which BPSD affect caregiver well-being. Paper quality was appraised using the Downs and Black Checklist (1998).Results:Forty medium and high quality quantitative papers met the inclusion criteria, 16 were suitable to be included in a meta-analysis of mean distress scores. Depressive behaviors were the most distressing for caregivers followed by agitation/aggression and apathy. Euphoria was the least distressing. Correlation coefficients between mean total behavior scores and mean distress scores were pooled for four studies. Irritability, aberrant motor behavior and delusions were the most strongly correlated to distress, disinhibition was the least correlated.Conclusions:The evidence is not conclusive as to whether some BPSD impact caregiver well-being more than others. Studies which validly examined BPSD individually were limited, and the included studies used numerous measures of BPSD and numerous measures of caregiver well-being. Future research may benefit from a consistent measure of BPSD, examining BPSD individually, and by examining the causal mechanisms by which BPSD impact well-being by including caregiver variables so that interventions can be designed to target BPSD more effectively.

scholarly journals Relieving the regret for maximizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-304
Author(s):  
Louise May Hassan ◽  
Edward Shiu ◽  
Miriam McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Choice Context

Purpose Prior research consistently found maximizers to experience greater regret over their choice than satisficers. Moreover, research also found maximizers to be trapped in a “maximization-regret-maximization” cycle. This paper aims to assess the role of construal level theory in alleviating regret felt by maximizers. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine the construal level theory (CLT) in conjunction with the choice context (comparable and non-comparable choices). Three experimental studies tested our assertion that a match between CLT mindset and choice set relieves regret for maximizers. Findings The authors show maximizers experience similar levels of regret compared to satisficers when considering comparable options in a concrete mindset, and non-comparable options in an abstract mindset. However, maximizers experience heightened regret in comparison to satisficers when considering non-comparable (comparable) options in a concrete (abstract) mindset. Choice difficulty mediates our effect. Research limitations/implications Future research is needed to replicate our results in real-life settings. Practical implications If marketers think that their product is likely to be compared with other comparable products, they should adopt product-specific information that focusses on how the product would be used. However, if marketers think that consumers will compare across non-comparable products, then they should focus on why their product is the most suitable to fulfil consumers’ needs. Originality/value This research represents the first attempt at reducing regret for maximizers and answers the call for an examination of the relationship between maximization and CLT. The research adds to the maximization literature by evidencing a CLT-based strategy that attenuates the negative experience of regret for maximizers.

scholarly journals The Role of the Dopamine D1 Receptor in Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anne Arola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Dopamine D1 Receptor ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Littermate Control

<p>The dopamine D1 receptor (DD1R) has been linked to cognitive functioning in various human and animal studies using diverse methods from pharmacological manipulations to brain imaging. Moreover, suboptimal or supraoptimal functioning of the DD1R has been linked to cognitive dysfunction. However, the previous research on this topic has mainly relied on correlational evidence, or the use of drugs that are not selective to the DD1R. Therefore, the current study investigated whether cognitive dysfunction is due to suboptimal functioning of the DD1R. The DD1R mutant rat (Smits et al., 2006) provides an opportunity to examine the role of the DD1R in cognitive functioning. The performance of the DD1R mutant rats was compared to that of littermate control rats (wildtypes). Across five experiments we found tentative evidence to suggest that the DD1R is necessary for normal cognitive ability. First, the DD1R mutant rats were unable to improve their performance when an egocentric strategy was required in the starmaze, using both positive and negative reinforcement. Second, compared to wildtype rats, the DD1R mutants were impaired in learning an allocentric strategy in the starmaze with positive reinforcement when they had been previously trained in an egocentric task. Third, the mutants were unable to improve when an egocentric strategy was required in the Y-maze. Finally, the DD1R mutant rats took longer than the wildtypes to reverse their learning when a baited arm was switched after two weeks of training with a different arm as the baited arm in the T-maze. Despite some of the limitations of the experiments, these initial findings suggest an impairment in cognition. Ideas for future research and applications are discussed.</p>

The continuum between neurodegeneration, brain plasticity, and movement: a critical appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Schirinzi ◽  
Marco Canevelli ◽  
Antonio Suppa ◽  
Matteo Bologna ◽  
Luca Marsili
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Pure Motor ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractWhile the “physiological” aging process is associated with declines in motor and cognitive features, these changes do not significantly impair functions and activities of daily living. Differently, motor and cognitive impairment constitute the most common phenotypic expressions of neurodegeneration. Both manifestations frequently coexist in the same disease, thus making difficult to detect “pure” motor or cognitive conditions. Movement disorders are often characterized by cognitive disturbances, and neurodegenerative dementias often exhibit the occurrence of movement disorders. Such a phenotypic overlap suggests approaching these conditions by highlighting the commonalities of entities traditionally considered distinct. In the present review, we critically reappraised the common clinical and pathophysiological aspects of neurodegeneration in both animal models and patients, looking at motricity as a trait d’union over the spectrum of neurodegeneration and focusing on synaptopathy and oscillopathy as the common pathogenic background. Finally, we discussed the possible role of movement as neuroprotective intervention in neurodegenerative conditions, regardless of the etiology. The identification of commonalities is critical to drive future research and develop novel possible disease-modifying interventions.

Premenstrual syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-306
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanmugaratnam ◽  
Hari Shanmugaratnam ◽  
Miss Maryam Parisaei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Premenstrual Syndrome ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterised by cyclical physical, behavioural and psychological symptoms occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (the time between ovulation and the onset of menstruation). The symptoms disappear or significantly regress by the end of menstruation. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe variant of premenstrual syndrome. PMS is common and severe symptoms can have detrimental effects on a woman's quality of life. GPs play a key role in the diagnosis and management of these conditions. This article aims to provide an overview of the current evidence and guidelines for recognising and managing PMS in general practice.

scholarly journals The Role of the Dopamine D1 Receptor in Cognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anne Arola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Dopamine D1 Receptor ◽  
D1 Receptor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Littermate Control

<p>The dopamine D1 receptor (DD1R) has been linked to cognitive functioning in various human and animal studies using diverse methods from pharmacological manipulations to brain imaging. Moreover, suboptimal or supraoptimal functioning of the DD1R has been linked to cognitive dysfunction. However, the previous research on this topic has mainly relied on correlational evidence, or the use of drugs that are not selective to the DD1R. Therefore, the current study investigated whether cognitive dysfunction is due to suboptimal functioning of the DD1R. The DD1R mutant rat (Smits et al., 2006) provides an opportunity to examine the role of the DD1R in cognitive functioning. The performance of the DD1R mutant rats was compared to that of littermate control rats (wildtypes). Across five experiments we found tentative evidence to suggest that the DD1R is necessary for normal cognitive ability. First, the DD1R mutant rats were unable to improve their performance when an egocentric strategy was required in the starmaze, using both positive and negative reinforcement. Second, compared to wildtype rats, the DD1R mutants were impaired in learning an allocentric strategy in the starmaze with positive reinforcement when they had been previously trained in an egocentric task. Third, the mutants were unable to improve when an egocentric strategy was required in the Y-maze. Finally, the DD1R mutant rats took longer than the wildtypes to reverse their learning when a baited arm was switched after two weeks of training with a different arm as the baited arm in the T-maze. Despite some of the limitations of the experiments, these initial findings suggest an impairment in cognition. Ideas for future research and applications are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Verbal Memory Performance in Depressed Children and Adolescents: Associations with EPA but Not DHA and Depression Severity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3630
Author(s):  
Sophie Emery ◽  
Isabelle Häberling ◽  
Gregor Berger ◽  
Noemi Baumgartner ◽  
Michael Strumberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cognitive Improvement

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been described as positively associated with cognitive functioning. Current meta-analyses have identified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) as potentially more effective than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An especially vulnerable subgroup that might benefit from these beneficial effects are depressed youths. In this study, we examined associations between red blood cell (RBC) DHA and EPA levels and depression severity and verbal memory performance in a sample of 107 moderately (n = 63) and severely (n = 44) depressed youths. The findings showed that youths with high RBC EPA levels had steeper learning curves compared to those with moderate or low RBC EPA levels (Pillai’s Trace = 0.195, p = 0.027, ηp2 = 0.097). No associations between RBC DHA levels or depression severity and verbal memory performance were observed. Our results further confirm previous findings indicating a more important role of EPA compared to DHA in relation to cognitive functioning. Future research should further investigate the differential role of EPA and DHA concerning cognitive functioning in depressed youths. Evidence supporting beneficial supplementation effects could potentially establish a recommendation for a natural and easily accessible intervention for cognitive improvement or remission.

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