scholarly journals Non-commercial Air Purifier—The Effectiveness and Safety

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Anna Mainka ◽  
Walter Mucha ◽  
Józef S. Pastuszka ◽  
Ewa Brągoszewska ◽  
Agnieszka Janoszek
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Ozone Generator ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Ozone Generation ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Air Purifier ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Carbon Filter

(1) Background: On the Internet, we can find the guidelines for homemade air purifiers. One of the solutions includes the use of a low-cost ozone generator to decrease the level of odors and biological contaminants. However, the authors do not notify about hazardous effects of ozone generation on human health; (2) Methods: We elaborated our test results on the bacterial and fungal aerosol reduction by the use of two technical solutions of homemade air purifiers. First, including a mesh filter and ozone generator, second including an ozone generator, mesh filter, and carbon filter. (3) Conclusions: After 20 min of ozone generation, the concentration of bacteria decreased by 78% and 48% without and with a carbon filter, while fungi concentration was reduced in the lower range 63% and 40%, respectively. Based on our test results, we proposed a precise periodical operation of homemade air purifier to maintain the permissible level of ozone for the occupants.

Bringing Security to The Smallest Embedded Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH YIU
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Iot Devices

The increasing need for security in microcontrollers Security has long been a significant challenge in microcontroller applications(MCUs). Traditionally, many microcontroller systems did not have strong security measures against remote attacks as most of them are not connected to the Internet, and many microcontrollers are deemed to be cheap and simple. With the growth of IoT (Internet of Things), security in low cost microcontrollers moved toward the spotlight and the security requirements of these IoT devices are now just as critical as high-end systems due to:

Developing a Public Key Infrastructure for a Secure Regional e-Health Environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mavridis ◽  
C. Ilioudis ◽  
C. Georgiadis ◽  
G. Pangalos
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Public Key Infrastructure ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Public Key ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Regional Health Care

Summary Objectives: Internet technologies provide an attractive infrastructure for efficient and low cost communications in regional health information networks. The advantages provided by the Internet come however with a significantly greater element of risk to the confidentiality and integrity of information. This is because the Internet has been designed primarily to optimize information sharing and interoperability, not security. The main objective of this paper is to propose the exploitation of public-key cryptography techniques to provide adequate security to enable secure healthcare Internet applications. Methods: Public-key cryptography techniques can provide the needed security infrastructure in regional health networks. In the regional health-care security framework presented in this paper, we propose the use of state-of-art Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) technology. Such an e-Health PKI consists of regional certification authorities that are implemented within the central hospitals of each region and provide their services to the rest of the healthcare establishments of the same region. Results: Significant experience in this area has been gained from the implementation of the PKI@AUTH project. Conclusions: The developed PKI infrastructure already successfully provides its security services to the AHEPA university hospital. The same infrastructure is designed to easily support a number of hospitals participating in a regional health information network.

A Mechatronic Approach to Compact Fluid Disc Valve Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
G A Parker ◽  
Y B Sun
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Valve Design ◽  
Electromagnetic Characteristics ◽  
High Control ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Pilot Valve

The work presented in this paper deals mainly with a mechatronic approach to compact disc valve design and concentrates on improvements to the disc valve electromagnetic characteristics, the diaphragm design and the dynamic performance. A novel diaphragm-disc force motor has been successfully developed incorporating a pair of permanent ring magnets. It has the advantages of low electric power consumption at the null position, dual-lane electrical structure for fail-safe operation, high control accuracy and should be competitive with existing torque motors due to its low cost and simple construction. The research involved designing and testing a prototype disc pilot valve with a dual-lane operating mode. The test results showed that the valve has satisfactory static and dynamic characteristics for industrial applications.

Vaccine Passport - A blockchain based architecture for secure, tamper-resistant, privacy-enhanced credentialing mechanism of vaccination and verification of test results (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiu An Lee ◽  
Hsin-Hua Kung ◽  
Wei-Chen Wu ◽  
Jai Ganesh Udayasankaran ◽  
Yu-Chih Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Data Accuracy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
International Data

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The prevention and treatment methods for COVID-19 are not yet clear. At present, there are at least 287 preventive vaccines against COVID-19 in the world, of which 5 vaccines are available for emergency use as of June 2021, but none has completed clinical trial. Nevertheless, with the development of vaccines, disease conditions in various countries are gradually controlled. OBJECTIVE The vaccination rate has increased in time, and activities in various countries have gradually recovered. Therefore, the focus of the next stage is confirming and proving that everyone is vaccinated to ensure that those without vaccines will not become a breach in the next wave of diseases. The vaccination or RT-PCR test results are all certified and verified by paper documents issued by hospitals or testing institutions. Meanwhile, falsified documents are a major risk factor in confirming the vaccination status and laboratory test results. Although the Vaccine Passport (VP) may become an important key to future global activities based on the current strategy, the problems of document verification and data use among countries have not yet been resolved. METHODS The blockchain architecture proposed in this research can be applied together by public and private entities and be rapidly expanded. Furthermore, the open ledger of blockchain achieves transparency and data accuracy. On the other hand, smart contracts (SCs) achieve authorization and authentication, while the encryption and decryption mechanisms achieve data protection. In order to make it globally available, the international data standard “Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR)” is adopted into this research. In general, this blockchain architecture can achieve global vaccine passport verification accurately and at a low cost. RESULTS The open nature of the blockchain contributes to establishing transparency and data accuracy. Total three entities are included in this blockchain architecture. All of the authorization are public in the open ledger. The smart certificate enables authorization and authentication, while the encryption and decryption mechanism ensure data protection. This proof of concept demonstrates the design of blockchain architecture which, when adopted, can achieve global vaccine passport verification accurately and at a cost country can afford. An actual vaccine passport case was established and demonstrated in this study. Open blockchain, individually authorized authentication mechanisms, and international standard vaccine passports were adopted. CONCLUSIONS Blockchain architecture is used to build the authentication process of an executable international vaccine passport, with advantages of low cost, high interoperability, effectiveness, security and verifiability.

Nonlinear-Time-Dependent Analysis of Micro Via-In-Pad Substrates for Solder Bumped Flip Chip Applications

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Lau ◽  
S. W. Ricky Lee ◽  
Stephen H. Pan ◽  
Chris Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pcb Assembly ◽  
Creep Analysis ◽  
Chip Scale Package ◽  
Time Dependent Analysis

An elasto-plastic-creep analysis of a low-cost micro via-in-pad (VIP) substrate for supporting a solder bumped flip chip in a chip scale package (CSP) format which is soldered onto a printed circuit board (PCB) is presented in this study. Emphasis is placed on the design, materials, and reliability of the micro VIP substrate and of the micro VIP CSP solder joints on PCB. The solder is assumed to obey Norton’s creep law. Cross-sections of samples are examined for a better understanding of the solder bump, CSP substrate redistribution, micro VIP, and solder joint. Also, the thermal cycling test results of the micro VIP CSP PCB assembly is presented.

scholarly journals Testing of the Possibilities of Using IMUs with Different Types of Movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Kajánek
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Improve Accuracy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Measurement Units

Inertial navigation system (INS) is a self-contained navigation technique. Its main purpose is to determinate the position and the trajectory of the object´s movement in space. This technique is well represented not only as a supplementary method (GPS/INS integrated system) but as an autonomous system for navigation of vehicles and pedestrians, also. The aim of this paper is to design a test for low-cost inertial measurement units. The test results give us information about accuracy, which determine the possible use in indoor navigation or other applications. There are described some methods for processing the data obtained by inertial measurement units, which remove noise and improve accuracy of position and orientation.

scholarly journals Implementasi Usability Testing dalam Evaluasi Website Sekolah

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-426
Author(s):  
Susan Dian Purnamasari ◽  
Firamon Syakti
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Testing Techniques

One of the products of information technology that is common today is the school website. Where the school website is the spearhead for schools in disseminating information to related parties. The most important aspect of a website is the usability aspect because it greatly affects visitor convenience. The use of the website for disseminating information is also used by SMK Negeri Sumsel and the school's main portal on the internet. For that to see the importance of the usability aspect, this study aims to see the level of usability of the SMK Negeri Sumsel website. In measuring the level of usability, usability testing techniques are used with the stages of preparation, selecting respondents, data collection and data analysis. The test results show that the usability aspects on the website such as errors, learnability, memorability and satisfaction get good ratings while the efficiency aspects are not categorized as good.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Nature of Internet Use among Adolescents in Vadodara (Gujarat)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janki Jhala ◽  
Renu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Test Results

Internet has been a very facilitating medium and making lives easier for many of us. Internet is increasingly becoming a channel through which people, and especially adolescents, socialize and be in constant contact with their family, relatives and friends. More than a medium of acquiring knowledge, for adolescents, it has become a medium of expression of their implicit feelings and to know what is happening in their peer group. The current research aims to study the prevalence and nature of Internet use among adolescents. Population for the research included adolescents of Vadodara District in Gujarat. A total of 1657 adolescents were taken as the sample for the study. A survey research was conducted on 1657 adolescents using a self developed questionnaire along with Young’s Internet Addiction test. Results indicate that 44.8% of the participants are Average Users of the Internet, while 14.6% of the participants belong to the category of above average users of the Internet. The present study also shows that participants use the Internet mainly for social communication and social networking sites are the most commonly used sites on the Internet.

scholarly journals La política brasileña de ciberseguridad como estrategia de liderazgo regional/The brazilian cybersecurity policy as a strategy of regional leadership

2017 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Luísa Cruz Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
International Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Global South ◽  
International Norms ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Regional Leadership

El artículo analiza la estructuración de la política de ciberseguridad de Brasil entre los años de 2003 y 2016 como componente de su estrategia de inserción internacional y proyección de liderazgo en el Sul Global. El campo de la gobernanza de la Internet, de lo cual la ciberseguridad es parte, ofrece al país una oportunidad de relativo bajo costo de protagonismo en la elaboración de normas internacionales. Analizase documentos principales de esa política y argumentase que ella es parte de los esfuerzos de proyección del soft power del país en el campo de la seguridad internacional, pero que sus incoherencias pueden afectar y hasta mismo comprometer esta estrategia. Por fin, trazase breves proyecciones para esta política ante los cambios políticos en Brasil.AbstractThe article analyzes the structuration of Brazil’s cybersecurity policy between the years of 2003 and 2016 as a component of its strategy of international insertion and projection of leadership in the Global South. The Internet governance field, of which cybersecurity is a part, offers the country a relatively low-cost opportunity of protagonism in the elaboration of international norms. It analyzes cornerstone documents of this policy and argues that it is a part of the country’s efforts to project its soft power in the field of international security, but that its incoherencies can affect and even compromise the strategy. Finally, it draws brief projections to this policy in face of political changes in Brazil. 

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