scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Tin Dioxide Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye in Aqueous Solution

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Chih Ming Ma ◽  
Gui Bing Hong ◽  
Shang Chieh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Average Particle

This research work reports an approach used to prepare a SnO2 photocatalyst by precipitation and calcination pathways and describes an investigation of the effects of preparation parameters on SnO2 yield. The SnO2 photocatalyst was further used for the photocatalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye, and the removal efficiency was optimized using response surface methodology. The results indicate that the SnO2 photocatalyst yield was the highest in 0.05 M of the precursor, stannous chloride and 28 wt % ammonia as the precipitant, pH 10, at 30 °C. The transmission electron microscopy results of the SnO2 photocatalyst illustrate that the average particle size was mainly around 30–50 nm and had a solid spherical shape. The X-ray diffraction results reveal that the prepared sample had a highly crystalline SnO2 rutile crystal structure. The prediction and experimental results of the Response surface methodology (RSM) indicate that, when the reaction time was 97 min, the operating temperature was 47 °C, the photocatalyst dosage was 751 mg/L, and the optimal degradation rate of the CR dye was 100%. After five consecutive photodegradation reactions, the degradation rate remained at 100%. The results demonstrated that the SnO2 photocatalyst prepared in this study possesses excellent reusability.

Photocatalytic Performance Evaluation of Bismuth Doped Tin-Dioxide under UV and Direct Sunlight Irradiation for Congo Red Dye Degradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-687
Author(s):  
Nauman Ali Nauman Ali ◽  
Adnan khan Adnan khan ◽  
Aaisha Riaz Aaisha Riaz ◽  
Abdullah M Asiri and Tahseen Kamal Abdullah M Asiri and Tahseen Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Congo Red Dye ◽  
Red Dye

In the current research work, bismuth doped tin-dioxide (Bi-SnO2) was prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized material was used as a photocatalyst in the degradation of congo red dye (CR) in its aqueous solution. The prepared catalyst was used in the uncalcined- and calcined forms for the photocatalytic reaction. The synthesized catalyst in both forms was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD revealed that the calcination of the Bi-SnO2 improved its crystallinity. The SEM showed that the Bi-SnO2 had average size less than 150nm. Photocatalytic degradation of CR dye was carried out under ultra-violet light as well as under sunlight. While testing the photocatalytic degradation performance, it was found that more than 80% of the CR was degraded by using Bi-SnO2 nanoparticles under both lighting conditions. Moreover, the calcined Bi-SnO2 nanoparticles showed better photocatalytic performance as compared to its uncalcined form. The present work provides a viable way to make efficient photocatalyst based-on Bi-SnO2 to employ under UV and sunlight for the degradation of the CR dye without the need of oxidizing or reducing agents.

scholarly journals Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Paracetamol Particles Formation by RESS Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Karimi Sabet ◽  
Cyrus Ghotbi ◽  
Farid Dorkoosh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Ultrafine particles of paracetamol were produced by Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solution (RESS). The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of extraction temperature (313–353 K), extraction pressure (10–18 MPa), preexpansion temperature (363–403 K), and postexpansion temperature (273–323 K) on particles size and morphology of paracetamol particles. The characterization of the particles was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The average particle size of the original paracetamol was 20.8 μm, while the average particle size of paracetamol after nanonization via the RESS process was 0.46 μm depending on the experimental conditions used. Moreover, the morphology of the processed particles changed to spherical and regular while the virgin particles of paracetamol were needle-shape and irregular. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters. The extraction temperature, 347 K; extraction pressure, 12 MPa; preexpansion temperature, 403 K; and postexpansion temperature, 322 K was found to be the optimum conditions to achieve the minimum average particle size of paracetamol.

Optimization of Kaolin Wastewater Treatment Processes Research via Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 361-365
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wu ◽  
Dian Mo Zheng ◽  
Sheng Gan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes

The CCD mathematical model of response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize the process parameters of treating kaolin wastewater, the interaction of the factors on removal rate of turbidity and average particle size of floc such as the flocculation temperature ,the pH value, the dosage of PAC, the dosage of St-PAM were studied. The optimum condition of the effluent disposal via the experiment was as follows: the flocculation temperature was 25°C,the pH value was 6.5, the dosage of PAC was 21.5/mg/L, the dosage of St-PAM was 5/mg/L.In these conditions,the turbidity removal rate of the kaolin wastewater was 97.56%,and the average particle size of flocculation body was 0.994mm. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of turbidity and the average particle size of flocculation body was respectively 98.05% and 1.09mm.The model had good prediction effect.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF GEMCITABINE-LOADED MIL-101NH2 (Fe) NANOCARRIERS: RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY APPROACH

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
PREETI KUSH ◽  
JITENDER MADAN ◽  
PARVEEN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Perturbation Plot

Objective: The objective of the present study is to synthesize and optimize gemcitabine (GEM)-loaded MIL-101NH2 (Fe) nanocarriers. The design of experiments is used to optimize the formulation for higher encapsulation efficiency (EE) for effective drug delivery. Materials and Methods: MIL-101NH2 (Fe) was synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. Central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology was used for the optimization of GEM encapsulation into the MIL-101NH2 (Fe). The most influential variable that affects the EE was investigated by Perturbation plot. Validation of the design was carried out by performing the experiments under optimal conditions. Further optimized formulation was physicochemically characterized for particle size, surface charge, and surface morphology using zetasizer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Structural integrity of the optimized formulation was carried out by Powder X ray crystallography (PXRD). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the confirmation of GEM loading. Accelerated storage stability analysis was also performed to find out the related parameters. Results: Here in this work, crystalline MIL-101NH2 (Fe) has been successfully synthesized by microwave radiation method. The optimization result revealed that process variables such as GEM concentration, pH, and time significantly affect the desired constraint, EE. Perturbation plot evidenced that among all the variables, pH is the most significant factor followed by drug concentration and time. The optimized formulation exhibited 76.4 ± 7% EE and average particle size of 252.9 ± 9.23 nm. PXRD and SEM results demonstrated that the optimized formulation was crystalline in nature. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the presence of drug inside the MIL-101NH2 (Fe). In vitro release profile revealed that MIL-101NH2 (Fe)-GEM exhibited the sustained release up to 72 h in comparison to the native GEM. Storage-stability studies also indicate that MIL-101NH2 (Fe)-GEM has a shelf life of 6 months. Conclusion: The EE of GEM in MIL-101NH2 (Fe) can be altered by varying the drug concentration and pH during the impregnation.

scholarly journals Optimization of Spray-Drying Process with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Preparing High Quality Graphene Oxide Slurry

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Xingxing Ye ◽  
Yexun Shi ◽  
Liming Shen ◽  
Peng Su ◽  
Ningzhong Bao
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
High Quality

The “Drying-redissolution” method is promising for the industrial production of high-concentration well-dispersed graphene oxide slurry (GOS). As the potential key step in this method, the spray drying process requires a statistical investigation which guides the large-scale preparation of graphene oxide powder (GOP). This work systematically studies the effects of operating parameters, including nozzle airflow rate (439–895 L·h−1), atomization pressure (0.5–0.7 MPa), and liquid feed rate (3.0–9.0 mL·min−1), by using the response surface methodology integrated Box–Behnken design (RSM–BBD), aiming to produce GOP with high yield and easy re-dispersion. The optimized spray drying condition is predicted to be 439 L·h−1, 0.59 MPa, and 9.0 mL·min−1, at which a powder yield of 70.45% can be achieved. The experimentally obtained GOP has an average particle size of 11.65 μm and the low crumpling degree of the particle morphology results in the good re-dispersibility (97.95%) and excellent adsorption performance (244.1 mg·g−1) of GOP. The GOS prepared by the spray-dried GOP possess low viscosity and high exfoliation efficiency with a single-layer fraction up to 90.8%, exhibiting good prospects for application. This work first applied the RSM–BBD model on the spray drying process of GO, and evidenced the possibility of producing high-quality GO slurry with the “drying-redissolution” method.

scholarly journals Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Yakubu Newman Monday ◽  
Jaafar Abdullah ◽  
Nor Azah Yusof ◽  
Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel shells (PKS) obtained from palm oil biomass, aiming for sensing and biosensing applications. Ethylenediamine and L-phenylalanine doped CDs were produced via the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods using one-pot synthesis techniques in an autoclave batch reactor. The as-prepared N-CDs shows excellent photoluminescence (PL) property and a quantum yield (QY) of 13.7% for ethylenediamine (EDA) doped N-CDs (CDs-EDA) and 8.6% for L-phenylalanine (L-Ph) doped N-CDs (CDs-LPh) with an excitation/emission wavelength of 360 nm/450 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the N-CDs have an average particle size of 2 nm for both CDs. UV-Visible spectrophotometric results showed C=C and C=O transition. FTIR results show and confirm the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -C=O, -NH2 on the N-CDs, and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the N-CDs were crystalline, depicted with sharp peaks. This research work demonstrated that palm kernel shell biomass often thrown away as waste can produce CDs with excellent physicochemical properties.

Preparation ZnO nanoparticles with Different Concentration by Laser Ablation in Liquid

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1B) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
Ghufran S. Jaber ◽  
Khawla S. Khashan ◽  
Maha J. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Laser Pulse ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Laser Ablation In Liquid

The effects of varying laser pulse numbers on the fabricated of ZnONPs by pulsed laser ablation in deionized water of Zn-metal are investigated. The Nd: YAG laser at energy 600mJ prepared three samples by change the laser pulse number (100, 150, and 200). The results were collected and examined using an electron scanning microscope, XRD – diffraction, and transmission electron microscope. The result revealed the colloidal spherical shape and the homogeneous composition of the ZnO NPs. The nanoparticles resulted in different concentrations and sized distributions by changing the pulse number of a laser. The average particle size and the mass concentration of particle size increase with an increasing number of laser pulses by fixed the laser energy.

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