A Study on the Effect of Different Ball Milling Methods on the NH3-SCR Activity of Aluminum-Laden Bayan Obo Tailings

Rich in Fe, Ce, Mn, Si and other elements which have good catalytic activity, Bayan Obo rare-earth tailings are naturally advantaged as the carrier of denitrification catalysts. In this paper, pseudo boehmite (γ-Al2O3) was mixed with Bayan Obo tailings using different ball milling methods for modification to prepare NH3-SCR catalysts. The effect of different mixing methods on the SCR denitrification activity at a low temperature was investigated and the prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), temperature programed desorption (NH3-TPD), temperature programed reduction (H2-TPR) and other means. The conversion rate of NOx at 250–350 °C was above 80% and the highest conversion rate of NOx of 90% was achieved at 300 °C. SEM and XRD revealed that the tailings modified by pseudo boehmite (γ-Al2O3) using the ordinary ball milling method have loose structure and good dispersion of active substances, and specific surface area (BET) analysis shows that the tailings have the maximum specific surface area and pore volume. However, over grinding and secondary spheronization were observed in the tailings modified by pseudo boehmite (γ-Al2O3) using high energy ball milling method, leading to the decrease of specific surface area and pore volume, poor dispersion of active substances, and ultimately low denitrification rate.

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Fabrication of 12CaO·7Al2O3 powders with high specific surface area by sol–gel and ball-milling method

Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan ◽

10.2109/jcersj2.119.460 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 119 (1390) ◽

pp. 460-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kotaro OZAWA ◽

Naonori SAKAMOTO ◽

Naoki WAKIYA ◽

Hisao SUZUKI

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Sol Gel ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Milling Method

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Fuels Desulphurisation by Adsorbtion on Fe / Bentonite

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.3.5483 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 483-486

Author(s):

Constantin Sorin Ion ◽

Mihaela Bombos ◽

Gabriel Vasilievici ◽

Dorin Bombos

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Pore Diameter ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Continuous System ◽

Gas Oil ◽

Average Pore ◽

Atmospheric Distillation

Desulfurisation of atmospheric distillation gasoline and gas oil was performed by adsorption process on Fe/ bentonite. The adsorbent was characterized by determining the adsorption isotherms, specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter. Adsorption experiments of atmospheric distillation gasoline and gas oil were performed in continuous system at 280�320oC, 5 atm and volume hourly space velocities of 1�2 h-1. The efficiency of adsorption on Fe / bentonite was better at desulphurisation of gasoline versus gas oil.

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Nanometer Pore Structure Characterization of Taiyuan Formation Shale in the Lin-Xing Area Based on Nitrogen Adsorption Experiments

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11030298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Chenlong Ding ◽

Jinxian He ◽

Hongchen Wu ◽

Xiaoli Zhang

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Pore Structure ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Shale Gas ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Ordos Basin ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Taiyuan Formation

Ordos Basin is an important continental shale gas exploration site in China. The micropore structure of the shale reservoir is of great importance for shale gas evaluation. The Taiyuan Formation of the lower Permian is the main exploration interval for this area. To examine the nanometer pore structures in the Taiyuan Formation shale reservoirs in the Lin-Xing area, Northern Shaanxi, the microscopic pore structure characteristics were analyzed via nitrogen adsorption experiments. The pore structure parameters, such as specific surface area, pore volume, and aperture distribution, of shale were calculated; the significance of the pore structure for shale gas storage was analyzed; and the main controlling factors of pore development were assessed. The results indicated the surface area and hole volume of the shale sample to be 0.141–2.188 m2/g and 0.001398–0.008718 cm3/g, respectively. According to the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) classification, mesopores and macropores were dominant in the pore structure, with the presence of a certain number of micropores. The adsorption curves were similar to the standard IV (a)-type isotherm line, and the hysteresis loop type was mainly similar to H3 and H4 types, indicating that most pores are dominated by open type pores, such as parallel plate-shaped pores and wedge-shaped slit pores. The micropores and mesopores provide the vast majority of the specific surface area, functioning as the main area for the adsorption of gas in the shale. The mesopores and macropores provide the vast majority of the pore volume, functioning as the main storage areas for the gas in the shale. Total organic carbon had no notable linear correlation with the total pore volume and the specific surface area. Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) had no notable correlation with the specific surface area, but did have a low “U” curve correlation with the total pore volume. There was no relationship between the quartz content and specific surface area and total pore volume. In addition, there was no notable correlation between the clay mineral content and total specific surface area and total pore volume.

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The relationship between geotechnical index properties and the pore-size distribution of compacted clayey silts

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm-2013-0302 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Nazile Ural

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Pore Size Distribution ◽

Pore Size ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Index Properties

AbstractIn this study, the relationships between geotechnical index properties and the pore-size distribution of compacted natural silt and artificial soil mixtures, namely, silt with two different clays and three different clay percentages (10%, 20%, and 40%), were examined and compared. Atterberg’s limit tests, standard compaction tests, mercury intrusion porosimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface analysis were conducted. The results show that the liquid limit, the cumulative pore volume, and specific surface area of artificially mixed soils increase with an increase in the percentage of clay. The cumulative pore volume and specific surface area with geotechnical index properties were compared. High correlation coefficients were observed between the specific areas and both the liquid limit and the plasticity index, as well as between the cumulative pore volume and both the clay percentage and the

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Study of the Porous Structure and High Adsorption Capacity of Biomass-Based Activated Carbon Prepared from Aspen Wood by Ferric Nitrate III Activation

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy ◽

10.1166/jbmb.2021.2047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 131-144

Author(s):

Chunjiang Jin ◽

Huimin Chen ◽

Luyuan Wang ◽

Xingxing Cheng ◽

Donghai An ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Aspen Wood ◽

Surface Functional Groups ◽

Wood Sawdust

In this study, aspen wood sawdust was used as the raw material, and Fe(NO3)3 and CO2 were used as activators. Activated carbon powder (ACP) was produced by the one-step physicochemical activation method in an open vacuum tube furnace. The effects of different mass ratios of Fe(NO3)3 and aspen wood sawdust on the pore structure of ACP were examined under single-variable experimental conditions. The mass ratio was 0–0.4. The detailed characteristics of ACP were examined by nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of ACP was established by simulating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using ethyl acetate. The results showed that ACP has a good nanostructure with a large pore volume, specific surface area, and surface functional groups. The pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.3 were 0.26 cm3/g and 455.36 m2/g, respectively. The activator played an important role in the formation of the pore structure and morphology of ACP. When the mass ratio was 0–0.3, the porosity increased linearly, but when it was higher than 0.3, the porosity decreased. For example, the pore volume and specific surface area of Fe-AC-0.4 reached 0.24 cm3/g and 430.87 m2/g, respectively. ACP presented good VOC adsorption performance. The Fe-AC-0.3 sample, which contained the most micropore structures, presented the best adsorption capacity for ethyl acetate at 712.58 mg/g. Under the action of the specific reaction products nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygen, the surface of modified ACP samples showed different rich C/O/N surface functional groups, including C-H, C=C, C=O, C-O-C, and C-N.

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Effects of microwave modification on the desulfurization and denitrification of activated coke

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.1.729-746 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 729-746

Author(s):

Junhong Zhang ◽

Zhi-jun He ◽

Qing Guo ◽

De-chao Xiao ◽

Wen-long Zhan

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Surface Functional Groups ◽

Characteristic Peak ◽

Theoretical Support ◽

O2 Concentration ◽

Activated Coke ◽

Oh Content

Microwave modification of activated coke is reported as a green and simple route to improve its synergistic desulfurization and denitrification. The results showed that microwave irradiation improved the specific surface area and pore volume, decreased the pore size, and activated the surface functional groups of the activated coke. Under the conditions of a microwave power of 500 W and a modification time of 30 min, the specific surface area was increased from 185.9 m2/g to 351.7 m2/g, the pore volume increased from 0.042 m3/g to 0.111 m3/g, and the characteristic peak strengths of C=C and -OH drastically increased. When the reaction temperature was 140 °C and the O2 concentration was 10% (by volume), the desulfurization and denitrification efficiency were maintained at levels greater than 90% and 80% for 30 min and 15 min, respectively. The C-O content increased, and the C=C and -OH content decreased after undergoing desulfurization and denitrification. The desulfurization and denitrification products were primarily sulfate and nitrate. This provides theoretical support for the application of microwave modified active coke in low temperature desulfurization and denitrification.

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Structural and fractal characterization of adsorption pores of middle–high rank coal reservoirs in western Yunnan and eastern Guizhou: An experimental study of coals from the Panguan syncline and Laochang anticline

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598718790319 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 251-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Junjian Zhang ◽

Chongtao Wei ◽

Gaoyuan Yan ◽

Guanwen Lu

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Pore Diameter ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Type A ◽

Type B ◽

Type C

To better understand the structural characteristic of adsorption pores (pore diameter < 100 nm) of coal reservoirs around the coalbed methane production areas of western Yunnan and eastern Guizhou, we analyzed the structural and fractal characteristics of pore size range of 0.40–2.0 nm and 2–100 nm in middle–high rank coals ( Ro,max = 0.93–3.20%) by combining low-temperature N2/CO2 adsorption tests and surface/volume fractal theory. The results show that the coal reservoirs can be divided into three categories: type A ( Ro,max < 2.15%), type B (2.15% < Ro,max <2.50%), and type C ( Ro,max > 2.15%). The structural parameters of pores in the range from 2 to 100 nm are influenced by the degree of coal metamorphism and the compositional parameters (e.g., ash and volatile matter). The dominant diameters of the specific surface areas are 10–50 nm, 2–50 nm, and 2–10 nm, respectively. The pores in the range from <2 nm provide the largest proportion of total specific surface area (97.22%–99.96%) of the coal reservoir, and the CO2-specific surface area and CO2-total pore volume relationships show a positive linear correlation. The metamorphic degree has a much greater control on the pores (pore diameter less than 2 nm) structural parameters than those of the pore diameter ranges from 2 to 100 nm. Dv1 and Dv2 can characterize the structure of 2–100 nm adsorption pores, and Dv1 (volume heterogeneity) has a positive correlation with the pore structural parameters such as N2-specific surface area and N2-total pore volume. This parameter can be used to characterize volume heterogeneity of 2–10 nm pores. Dv2 (surface heterogeneity) showed type A > type B > type C and was mainly affected by the metamorphism degree. Ds2 can be used to characterize the pore surface heterogeneity of micropores in the range of 0.62–1.50 nm. This parameter has a good correlation with the pore parameters (CO2-total pore volume, CO2-specific surface area, and average pore size) and is expressed as type C < type B < type A. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of the micropores is less than that of the meso- and macropores (2–100 nm). Dv1, Dv2, and Ds2 can be used as effective parameters to characterize the pore structure of adsorption pores. This result can provide a theoretical basis for studying the pore structure compatibility of coal reservoirs in the region.

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Activated Carbons from Thermoplastic Precursors and Their Energy Storage Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9060896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 896 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hye-Min Lee ◽

Kwan-Woo Kim ◽

Young-Kwon Park ◽

Kay-Hyeok An ◽

Soo-Jin Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Field Emission ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Mesopore Volume

In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE)-derived activated carbons (PE-AC) were prepared as electrode materials for an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) by techniques of cross-linking, carbonization, and subsequent activation under various conditions. The surface morphologies and structural characteristics of the PE-AC were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscope, Cs-corrected field-emission transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The nitrogen adsorption isotherm-desorption characteristics were confirmed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, nonlocal density functional theory, and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda equations at 77 K. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of the activated samples increased with increasing the activation time. The specific surface area, the total pore volume, and mesopore volume of the PE-AC were found to be increased finally to 1600 m2/g, 0.86 cm3/g, and 0.3 cm3/g, respectively. The PE-AC also exhibited a high mesopore volume ratio of 35%. This mesopore-rich characteristic of the activated carbon from the LDPE is considered to be originated from the cross-linking density and crystallinity of precursor polymer. The high specific surface area and mesopore volume of the PE-AC led to their excellent performance as EDLC electrodes, including a specific capacitance of 112 F/g.

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Facile Preparation of Iron-Manganese Oxide@Diatomite Composite for Effective Removal of Vanadium from Wastewater

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch19164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 717

Author(s):

Junying Song ◽

Zhanbin Huang ◽

Fengzhi Yang

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Manganese Oxide ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Pore Volume ◽

Low Cost ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Iron Manganese

Excess pentavalent vanadium(v) has severely degraded water quality and posed a huge threat to human health over the past several decades. Hence, it’s urgent and significant to explore a novel adsorbent which is low cost and efficient to treat vanadium pollution. In this work, a novel iron-manganese oxide@diatomite (MnFe2O4@DE) adsorbent with superior removal performance for simulated vanadium(v) wastewater was synthesised via a facile hydrothermal method. The as-prepared MnFe2O4@DE composite was characterised through different characterisation techniques. The results indicated that the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the surface of diatomite, resulting in a larger specific surface area and pore volume of the composite. In addition, the MnFe2O4@DE adsorbent exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for vanadium(v) (18.37mgg−1±0.5%), which was up to around 13.24 and 1.33 times as much as that of pure diatomite and MnFe2O4, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the enhanced specific surface area and pore volume. Furthermore, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated vanadium(v) could be reduced to low valence vanadium with low toxicity by the MnFe2O4@DE composite which could exist as VO2+ and VO+ cations in solution. The adsorption process was better fitted with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, which is spontaneous and endothermic. Overall, the novel MnFe2O4@DE composite could be applied as a promising adsorbent in addressing vanadium pollution issues due to its properties of low cost, effectiveness, and environmental friendliness.

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