scholarly journals Reduction of Nitrobenzene to Aniline by CO/H2O in the Presence of Palladium Nanoparticles

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Krogul-Sobczak ◽  
Jakub Cedrowski ◽  
Patrycja Kasperska ◽  
Grzegorz Litwinienko
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Catalytic Cycle ◽  
Heterocyclic Ligands ◽  
Aromatic Nitrocompounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transient Intermediate

The transformation of aromatic nitrocompounds into amines by CO/H2O is catalyzed by palladium(II) complexes. Recently, we have proposed that the catalytic cycle includes Pd0 as the transient intermediate and herein, for the first time, we describe the application of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) stabilized by monodentate N-heterocyclic ligands as nanocatalysts facilitating the reduction of Ar–NO2 into Ar–NH2 by CO/H2O. Among the series—Pd(II) complexes, PdNPs and commercial Pdblack—the highest catalytic activity was observed for PdNPs (3.0 ± 0.5 nm) stabilized by 4-Me-pyridine in the presence of 2-Cl-pyridine. The results may be helpful for mechanistic considerations on the role of metallic nanoparticles as active species in other organic processes.

scholarly journals H2-TPR, XPS and TEM Study of the Reduction of Ru and Re promoted Co/γ-Al2O3, Co/TiO2 and Co/SiC Catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Romar ◽  
A. H. Lillebo ◽  
P. Tynjala ◽  
T. Hu ◽  
A. Holmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Oxide Phases

<p class="1Body">Effects of Ru and Re promoters on Co-CoO<sub>x </sub>catalysts supported on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiC were investigated to improve the understanding of the role of promoters of the active phase of Co-CoO<sub>x</sub>-Ru and Co-CoO<sub>x</sub>-Re. The influence of promoter addition on the composition and activity of the catalysts was characterized by several methods, such as H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, XPS, chemisorption and TEM. Furthermore, the role of support and metal-support interaction was especially studied and different support materials were compared.</p><p class="1Body">Based on the results, addition of promoter metals (Ru or Re) will most likely improve catalytic activity of Co/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Co/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Co/SiC catalysts by increasing the active metal surface available for chemical reaction and by decreasing the size of the metallic nanoparticles. These changes in the catalytic activity were also associated with the changes in the ratio of metal and metal oxide phases in the surface composition as observed by XPS. Promoter metals also decreased the reduction temperatures needed for the reduction of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to CoO and further to metallic cobalt. Significant decrease in reduction temperature was observed especially when ruthenium was used as the promoter.</p>

scholarly journals Pd Nanoparticles and Mixture of CO2/CO/O2 Applied in the Carbonylation of Aniline

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Madej ◽  
Adrian Konopko ◽  
Piotr Piotrowski ◽  
Agnieszka Krogul-Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Catalytic Cycle ◽  
Aliphatic Amines ◽  
Pyridine Ligand ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Derivatives Of

CO2 is a compound of high stability which proves useful in some organic syntheses as a solvent or component decreasing explosivity of gases. It is also a good carbonylating agent for aliphatic amines although not for aromatic ones, the latter being carbonylated with phosgene or, as in our previous works, with CO/O2 in the presence of Pd(II) complexes. In this work we have used the mixture of CO/O2 and CO2 for carbonylation of aniline to N,N’-diphenylurea. After optimization of the reaction conditions (56% of CO2 in CO2/CO mixture) we studied the activity of three kinds of pre-catalysts: (a) Pd(II) complexes, (b) Pdblack, and (c) palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) in the presence of derivatives of pyridine (XnPy). The highest conversion of aniline (with selectivity towards N,N-diphenylurea ca. 90%) was observed for PdNPs. The results show that catalytic cycle involves Pd(0) stabilized by pyridine ligand as active species. Basing on this observation, we put the hypothesis that application of PdNPs instead of Pd(II) complex can efficiently reduce the reaction time.

Monodisperse ordered indium–palladium nanoparticles: synthesis and role of indium for boosting superior electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation reaction

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3336-3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ju Chen ◽  
Yi-Rui Chen ◽  
Cheng-Hsuan Chiang ◽  
Kuo-Lun Tung ◽  
Tsung-Kuang Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Ethanol Oxidation ◽  
Ethanol Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
First Time

Monodisperse ordered In3Pd2 and In3Pd5 nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time and used as superior electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reaction.

scholarly journals H2-TPR, XPS and TEM Study of the Reduction of Ru and Re promoted Co/γ-Al2O3, Co/TiO2 and Co/SiC Catalysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Romar ◽  
A. H. Lillebo ◽  
P. Tynjala ◽  
T. Hu ◽  
A. Holmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Metal Support Interaction ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Metal Support ◽  
Oxide Phases

<p class="1Body">Effects of Ru and Re promoters on Co-CoO<sub>x </sub>catalysts supported on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiC were investigated to improve the understanding of the role of promoters of the active phase of Co-CoO<sub>x</sub>-Ru and Co-CoO<sub>x</sub>-Re. The influence of promoter addition on the composition and activity of the catalysts was characterized by several methods, such as H<sub>2</sub>-TPR, XPS, chemisorption and TEM. Furthermore, the role of support and metal-support interaction was especially studied and different support materials were compared.</p><p class="1Body">Based on the results, addition of promoter metals (Ru or Re) will most likely improve catalytic activity of Co/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Co/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Co/SiC catalysts by increasing the active metal surface available for chemical reaction and by decreasing the size of the metallic nanoparticles. These changes in the catalytic activity were also associated with the changes in the ratio of metal and metal oxide phases in the surface composition as observed by XPS. Promoter metals also decreased the reduction temperatures needed for the reduction of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to CoO and further to metallic cobalt. Significant decrease in reduction temperature was observed especially when ruthenium was used as the promoter.</p>

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Catalytic Activity of Binary and Triple Systems Based on Redox Inactive Metal Compound, LiSt and Additives of Monodentate Ligands-Modifiers: DMF, HMPA and PhOH, in Selective Ethylbenzene Oxidation with Dioxygen

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Ludmila Matienko ◽  
◽  
Larisa Mosolova ◽  
Vladimir Binyukov ◽  
Gennady Zaikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Triple System ◽  
Metal Compound ◽  
Ethylbenzene Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Triple Systems ◽  
Lithium Compound ◽  
Mechanism Of Catalysis ◽  
Monodentate Ligands

Mechanism of catalysis with binary and triple catalytic systems based on redox inactive metal (lithium) compound {LiSt+L2} and {LiSt+L2+PhOH} (L2=DMF or HMPA), in the selective ethylbenzene oxidation by dioxygen into -phenylethyl hydroperoxide is researched. The results are compared with catalysis by nickel-lithium triple system {NiII(acac)2+LiSt+PhOH} in selective ethylbenzene oxidation to PEH. The role of H-bonding in mechanism of catalysis is discussed. The possibility of the stable supramolecular nanostructures formation on the basis of triple systems, {LiSt+L2+PhOH}, due to intermolecular H-bonds, is researched with the AFM method.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

Physical Warmth Attenuates Ethnocentric Bias under Mortality Salience: An Embodied Terror Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Margaux Renoux ◽  
Jean Monéger ◽  
Leila Selimbegovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Worldview Defense ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
First Time

Research indicates that individuals often deal with mortality salience by affirming beliefs in national or cultural superiority (worldview defense). Because worldview defense may be associated with negative consequences (discrimination), it is important to identify alternative means to deal with death-related thoughts. In line with an embodied terror management perspective, we evaluate for the first time the role of physical warmth in reducing defensive reaction to mortality salience. We predicted that, like social affiliation (social warmth), physical warmth could reduce worldview defense when mortality is salient. In this exploratory (preregistered) study, 202 French participants were primed with death-related thoughts, or an aversive control topic, in a heated room or a non-heated room. The main outcome was worldview defense (ethnocentric bias). We found no main effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. However, physical warmth reduced worldview defense when mortality was salient. Implications for an embodied terror management perspective are discussed.

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

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