scholarly journals Time- and Kellgren–Lawrence Grade-Dependent Changes in Intra-Articularly Transplanted Stromal Vascular Fraction in Osteoarthritic Patients

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung Dang Xuan Tran ◽  
Chi-Ming Wu ◽  
Navneet Kumar Dubey ◽  
Yue-Hua Deng ◽  
Chun-Wei Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Bone Marrow Edema ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Womac Index ◽  
Heterogeneous Cell Population ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent disorders in elderly population. Among various therapeutic alternatives, we employed stromal vascular fraction (SVF), a heterogeneous cell population, to regenerate damaged knee cartilage. OA patients were classified on the basis of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and x-ray-derived Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade. They were treated with SVF and followed-up for 24 months. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index were used to determine treatment efficacy. Cartilage healing was assessed using the MRI-based Outerbridge score (OS) and evaluation of bone marrow edema (BME) lesions, while a placebo group was used as a control. Time- and KL-dependent changes were also monitored. We observed a decreasing trend in VAS score and WOMAC index in the SVF-treated group up to 24 months, as compared with the placebo group. Besides, a significant increase and decrease in Lysholm and OS, respectively, were observed in the treatment group. Compared with the values before treatment, the greatly reduced WOMAC scores of KL3 than KL2 groups at 24 months, indicate more improvement in the KL3 group. Highly decreased BME in the treated group was also noted. In conclusion, the SVF therapy is effective in the recovery of OA patients of KL3 grade in 24 months.

Calcium-Suppressed Technique in Dual-Layer Detector Computed Tomography to Evaluate Knee Articular Cartilage

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglin Meng ◽  
Mengqi Liu ◽  
Weiwei Deng ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Botao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Marrow Edema ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marrow Edema

Background: Calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) technique involving spectral-based images has been used to observe bone marrow edema by removing calcium components from the image. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knee articular cartilage using the CaSupp technique in dual-layer detector computed tomography (DLCT). Methods: Twenty-eight healthy participants and two patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled, who underwent DLCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. CaSupp images were reconstructed from spectral-based images using a calcium suppression algorithm and were overlaid conventional CT images for visual evaluation. The morphology of the knee cartilage was evaluated, and the thickness of the articular cartilage was measured on sagittal proton density– weighted and CaSupp images in the patellofemoral compartment. Results: No abnormal signal or density, cartilage defect, and subjacent bone ulceration were observed in the lateral and medial femorotibial compartments and the patellofemoral compartment on MRI images and CaSupp images for the 48 normal knee joints. CaSupp images could clearly identify cartilage thinning, defect, subjacent bone marrow edema, and edema of the infrapatellar fat pad in the same way as MRI images in the three knee joints with osteoarthritis. A significant difference was found in the mean thickness of the patellar cartilage between MRI images and CaSupp images, while the femoral cartilage presented no significant difference in thickness between MRI images and CaSupp images over all 48 knee joints. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that CaSupp images could effectively be used to perform the visual and quantitative assessment of knee cartilage.

Abstract 14459: The Cardioprotective Effect on Energy Metabolism of Empagliflozin in Heart of Type 2 Diabetes Model Mouse in vivo

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Yamamoto ◽  
Yuichirou Kitai ◽  
Shigenori Yamamoto ◽  
Michael P Pieper ◽  
Yutaro Kotobuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Intracellular Atp ◽  
Atp Levels

Chronic pathological conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, involve various mechanisms in promoting heart failure by remodelling energy metabolic pathways and impairing cardiac contractility. The major source of myocardial energetics has been reported to shifts from OXPHOS in normal conditions to glycolysis in heart failure. Therefore, we decided to focus on the effect of empagliflozin on energy metabolic status in the heart.Recently, we generated two types of transgenic mice to monitor energy metabolism, intracellular ATP levels (iATP Tg) and mitochondrial ATP levels (mATP Tg) using FRET biosensor “ATeam” in the whole body, organ, and cellular levels as well as in beating heart. We intercrossed these mice with db/db, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes, and examined the energy metabolism of the heart in the empagliflozin -treated or non-treated groups.db/db;iATP Tg mice were fed EMPA-containing diets (30 mg/kg b.w., day) from 7 weeks of age for 10 weeks, and the ATP levels in the heart were measured by imaging with a fluorescence microscope. The results showed that, unlike the lowered ATP levels in the placebo group, the intracellular ATP level in the heart was significantly increased in the empagliflozin-treated group. Also, the ATP level was recovered in this empagliflozin-treated group to the same level as the wild type.Next, 8 weeks-old db/db;mATP Tg mice received a single dose of empagliflozin (30 mg/kg b.w.) via oral gavage after 4 hr of fasting. After another 3 hr of fasting, monitor the mitochondrial ATP level of the heart in vivo under the fluorescent microscope. The results showed that, unlike the placebo group, the ATP level in the mitochondria of the heart was significantly increased in the empagliflozin-treated group.These results suggest that empagliflozin may restore normal remodelling of energy metabolism in type 2 diabetic hearts.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles enhance glioma radiosensitivity via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinning Mao ◽  
Meng Jiang ◽  
Xingliang Dai ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Zhixiang Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Aim: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is a widely used biomedical material for imaging and targeting drug delivery. We synthesized SPIONs and tested their effects on the radiosensitization of glioma.Methods: Acetylated 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTS)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal approach and the surface was chemically modified with acetic anhydride to generate surface charge-neutralized NPs. NPs were characterized by TEM and ICP-AES. Radiosensitivity of U87MG glioma cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis in glioma cells were examined by flow cytometry. Results: APTS-coated Fe3O4 NPs had a spherical or quasi-spherical shape with average size of 10.5±1.1 nm. NPs had excellent biocompatibility and intracellular uptake of NPs reached the peak 24 hours after treatment. U87 cell viability decreased significantly after treatment with both X-ray and NPs compared to X-ray treatment alone. Compared to X-ray treatment alone, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase (31.83%) significantly increased in APTS-coated Fe3O4 NPs plus X-ray treated group (P<0.05). In addition, the percentage of apoptotic cells was significant higher in APTS-coated Fe3O4 NPs plus X-ray treated group than in X-ray treatment alone group (P<0.05). Conclusion: APTS-coated Fe3O4 NPs achieved excellent biocompatibility and increased radiosensitivity for glioma cells.

scholarly journals Ethynilestradiol 20 mcg plus Levonorgestrel 100 mcg: Clinical Pharmacology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Lello ◽  
Andrea Cavani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Clinical Effects

Estroprogestins (EPs) are combinations of estrogen and progestin with several actions on women’s health. The different pharmacological composition of EPs is responsible for different clinical effects. One of the most used low-dose EP associations is ethinylestradiol 20 mcg plus levonorgestrel 100 mcg in monophasic regimen (EE20/LNG100). This review summarizes clinical pharmacology, cycle control, and effects on lipid and glucose metabolism, coagulation, body weight/body composition, acne, and sexuality of EE20/LNG100. Overall, EE20/LNG100 combination is safe and well tolerated, and in several studies the incidence of adverse events in the treated group was comparable to that of the placebo group. Cycle control was effective and body weight/body composition did not vary among treated and untreated groups in most studies. The EE20/LNG100 combination shows mild or no effect on lipid and glucose metabolism. Lastly, EE20/LNG100 is associated with a low risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In conclusion, in the process of decision making for the individualization of EPs choice, EE20/LNG100 should be considered for its favorable clinical profile.

scholarly journals Effect of Pumpkin Seed Oil on Hair Growth in Men with Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Hye Cho ◽  
Sang Yeoup Lee ◽  
Dong Wook Jeong ◽  
Eun Jung Choi ◽  
Yun Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Pumpkin Seed Oil

Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) has been shown to block the action of 5-alpha reductase and to have antiandrogenic effects on rats. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of PSO for treatment of hair growth in male patients with mild to moderate androgenetic alopecia (AGA). 76 male patients with AGA received 400 mg of PSO per day or a placebo for 24 weeks. Change over time in scalp hair growth was evaluated by four outcomes: assessment of standardized clinical photographs by a blinded investigator; patient self-assessment scores; scalp hair thickness; and scalp hair counts. Reports of adverse events were collected throughout the study. After 24 weeks of treatment, self-rated improvement score and self-rated satisfaction scores in the PSO-treated group were higher than in the placebo group (P = 0.013, 0.003). The PSO-treated group had more hair after treatment than at baseline, compared to the placebo group (P<0.001). Mean hair count increases of 40% were observed in PSO-treated men at 24 weeks, whereas increases of 10% were observed in placebo-treated men (P<0.001). Adverse effects were not different in the two groups.

Transplantion of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue in severe local radiation injuries of skin caused by x-ray

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бушманов ◽  
Andrey Bushmanov ◽  
Самойлов ◽  
Alyeksandr Samoylov ◽  
Добрынина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiation Injuries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Radiation Ulcers

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue in severe local radiation skin injuries after the exposure of rats to X-rays. Material and methods: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats, weighing 200–230 g. Rats were exposed locally in iliolumbar region using X-ray machine LNC-268 (RAP 100-10) at a dose of 110 Gy (30 kV tube voltage, current 6.1 mA, thick Al filter 0.1 mm), dose rate: 17.34 Gy/min. Area of the irradiation field was 8.2–8.5 cm2. Transplantation of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction (SVFC) of adipose tissue was carried out on 21st or 35th days after irradiation. SVFC isolation was performed by means of enzymatic treatment of adipose tissue. SVFC suspension was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1×106 cells per injection around the radiation ulcers.The severity of radiation damage to the skin and the effects of cellular therapy were evaluated in the dynamics of clinical manifestations, with the help of plane geometry and pathomorphometry. Results: It was found that by the 17–25th day after irradiation radiation ulcers were formedon rat skin. In the control group of animalsulcers persisted throughout the observation period of more than 3 months. The area of ulcers was 1,87 ± 0,35 cm2 and 1.52 ± 0.24 cm2 at 83th and 90th days after irradiation, respectively. In animals of the experimental group, with autologous stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, was significant decrease in ulceration the area in comparison to control animals. In 80 % of the rats treated with SVFC on 21st day after exposure, to the 90th day after irradiation complete healing of ulcers occurred with the formation of atrophic scar at the site of radiation injuries. These clinical observations and planimetric were correlated with the results of histomorphometry. Conclusion: Transplantation autologous SVFC of adipose tissue contributes to accelerate the healing of radiation ulcers after local x-ray exposure in the experiment, indicating that the prospects of using adipose tissue cell products for the treatment of severe local radiation injuries.

scholarly journals Early thyroxine treatment in Down syndrome and thyroid function later in life

2017 ◽  
Vol 176 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala ◽  
M Emma Witteveen ◽  
Jan Pieter Marchal ◽  
Femke C C Klouwer ◽  
Nadine A Ikelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Hpt Axis

Objective The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis set point develops during the fetal period and first two years of life. We hypothesized that thyroxine treatment during these first two years, in the context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in children with Down syndrome, may have influenced the HPT axis set point and may also have influenced the development of Down syndrome-associated autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods We included 123 children with Down syndrome 8.7 years after the end of an RCT comparing thyroxine treatment vs placebo and performed thyroid function tests and thyroid ultrasound. We analyzed TSH and FT4 concentrations in the subgroup of 71 children who were currently not on thyroid medication and had no evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Results TSH concentrations did not differ, but FT4 was significantly higher in the thyroxine-treated group than that in the placebo group (14.1 vs 13.0 pmol/L; P = 0.02). There was an increase in anti-TPO positivity, from 1% at age 12 months to 6% at age 24 months and 25% at age 10.7 years with a greater percentage of children with anti-TPO positivity in the placebo group (32%) compared with the thyroxine-treated group (18.5%) (P = 0.12). Thyroid volume at age 10.7 years (mean: 3.4 mL; range: 0.5–7.5 mL) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) compared with reference values (5.5 mL; range: 3–9 mL) and was similar in the thyroxine and placebo group. Conclusion Thyroxine treatment during the first two years of life led to a mild increase in FT4 almost 9 years later on and may point to an interesting new mechanism influencing the maturing HPT axis set point. Furthermore, there was a trend toward less development of thyroid autoimmunity in the thyroxine treatment group, suggesting a protective effect of the early thyroxine treatment. Lastly, thyroid volume was low possibly reflecting Down-specific thyroid hypoplasia.

scholarly journals Effect of Photopheresis on Lymphocyte Population in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ernerudh ◽  
J. Ludvigsson ◽  
G. Berlin ◽  
U. Samuelsson
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Double Blind

ABSTRACT In recent years photopheresis has been claimed to be an effective form of immunomodulation. It has also been shown to have an effect on the disease process at the onset of type 1 diabetes. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized study, we analyzed if the effect of photopheresis in children with newly diagnosed diabetes is related to changes in the balance of lymhocyte populations. We also analyzed if lymphocyte subsets were related to recent infection, mild or aggressive disease manifestations, heredity, or gender. Nineteen children received active treatment with photopheresis, while 21 children received sham pheresis (placebo group). No influence of a history of previous infection, heredity, or certain clinical parameters on lymphocyte subsets was found. At the onset of type 1 diabetes, girls showed a higher proportion and a larger number of T cells (CD3+) and T-helper cells (CD4+) and a higher proportion of naïve CD4+CD45RA+ cells. In the placebo group, an increase in the number of subsets with the activated phenotype in both the CD4 (CD29+) and the CD8 (CD11a+) compartments was noted during the course of the study. These changes did not occur in the photopheresis group. No relation between lymphocyte subsets and clinical outcome was found 1 year after the treatment with photopheresis. In conclusion, we found no major effect of photopheresis on lymphocyte populations in a group of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. However, in the placebo group the proportions of activated CD4 and CD8 cells increased over time. Since these changes did not occur in the actively treated group, our findings suggest that photopheresis may have some suppressive effects.

N-Acetylcysteine improves oocyte and embryo quality in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection: an alternative to metformin

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Cheraghi ◽  
Malek Soleimani Mehranjani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shariatzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani ◽  
Zahra Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Oocyte Aspiration ◽  
Fluid Parameters

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with low-quality oocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of metformin (MET), N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and their combination on follicular fluid parameters, oocytes and embryo quality in PCOS patients. A prospective randomised placebo-controlled pilot study on 60 Iranian women with PCOS (aged 25–35 years) undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was designed. Women were divided into four groups (n = 15 in each): (1) an MET, administered 1500 mg day–1 MET; (2) an NAC group, administered 1800 mg day–1 NAC; (3) an NAC + MET group; and (4) a placebo group. Drugs were administered from the 3rd day of previous cycle until the day of oocyte aspiration (6 weeks treatment in total). Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA, with significance set at P < 0.05. The number of immature and abnormal oocytes decreased significantly in the NAC compared with placebo group, with a concomitant increase in the number of good-quality embryos in the NAC group (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in the NAC and NAC + MET groups compared with the placebo-treated group (P < 0.02). In addition, there were significant decreases in leptin levels in the NAC, MET and NAC + MET groups compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Insulin and LH levels were significantly lower in the MET and NAC groups compared with the placebo-treated group (P < 0.02). We concluded that NAC improves oocyte and embryo quality and could be administered as an alternative to MET.

scholarly journals Analysis of the connection between pain, disability and a radiological image determining the treatment process

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Mańko ◽  
Anna Kuśnierczyk ◽  
Magdalena Pieniążek ◽  
Wojciech Kurzydło
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Womac Index ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Intercondylar Eminence ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Kellgren And Lawrence ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Radiological Image

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this paper is to analyse the correlation between pain and the degree of disability, and the lesions shown on radiological examination of KOA. Material and method: The study encompassed 31 female patients (42 knees) aged 51-70 years, with diagnosed idiopathic knee osteoarthritis. Medical history and analysis of previously performed x-ray scans were conducted. The history included questions regarding pain (VAS, WOMAC index) and the maximum marching distance, the presence of oedema and instability as well as disability in everyday life (WOMAC index). The radiological lesions were assessed using the Kellgren and Lawrence Grading Scale. Moreover, the widths of the joint spaces were measured. Results: The patients’ pain in everyday activities (WOMAC) showed a positive correlation with the presence of osteophytes (r=0.32), and the intensity of the pain on the VAS correlated with the presence of joint osteophytes (r=0.46) and with the elevation of the intercondylar eminence (r=0.32). The other disorders on the x-ray image did not correlate with the pain. Positive correlations were identified between the presence of oedema (r=0.57) and instability (r=0.39), and the presence of lesions in the patellofemoral joint. The patients’ disability in everyday activities (WOMAC) showed a negative correlation with the width of the joint spaces (r<-0.34). However, no correlations were observed between the remaining x-ray lesions and the WOMAC index. Conclusions: Only a small number of subjects showed a correlation indicating an interdependency between the painful sensations and the degree of disability versus the progression of radiographic lesions. Among the KOA risk factors, it is worth noting the presence of obesity which, in these studies, affected more than half of the female patients.

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