scholarly journals Do Mast Cells Have a Role in Tendon Healing and Inflammation?

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1134
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
Magnus Peterson ◽  
Gunnar Pejler
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Glutamate Signaling ◽  
Human Tendon ◽  
Injured Tendon

Understanding the links between the tendon healing process, inflammatory mechanisms, and tendon homeostasis/pain after tissue damage is crucial in developing novel therapeutics for human tendon disorders. The inflammatory mechanisms that are operative in response to tendon injury are not fully understood, but it has been suggested that inflammation occurring in response to nerve signaling, i.e., neurogenic inflammation, has a pathogenic role. The mechanisms driving such neurogenic inflammation are presently not clear. However, it has recently been demonstrated that mast cells present within the injured tendon can express glutamate receptors, raising the possibility that mast cells may be sensitive to glutamate signaling and thereby modulate neurogenic inflammation following tissue injury. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells in the communication with peripheral nerves, and their emerging role in tendon healing and inflammation after injury.

scholarly journals Synergistic Therapy of Celecoxib-Loaded Magnetism-Responsive Hydrogel for Tendon Tissue Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Likang Wang ◽  
Yueming Gao ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Xiaofeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Tendon Tissue ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Electrical Therapy ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Injured Tendon ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

Tendon tissue injury is very common and always associated with pain, tissue swelling and even malformation if not treated on time. Traditional therapeutic strategies, such as cryotherapy, electrical therapy, ultrasound therapy and anti-inflammatory drug, are still unsatisfying. In this work, a synergistic therapy, based on the combination of celecoxib drug and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) regimens, was developed for the treatment of tendon injury. This celecoxib-loaded magnetism-responsive hydrogel dressing (gelatin/Fe3O4/celecoxib) showed good biocompatibility and coordinated drug release behavior under the PEMF, which could effectively reduce the inflammatory reaction of macrophage cells with the incremental proportion of M2 macrophages at the injury site. CatWalk gait analysis further verified this synergistic effect of combination therapy for achieving the outstanding recovery of the injured tendon tissue. Thus, this magnetism-responsive hydrogel may represent a promising alternative strategy in clinics for promoting tendon healing.

Comparison of healing in forelimb and hindlimb surgically induced core lesions of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Van Weeren ◽  
C. H. A. Van de Lest ◽  
J. Boere ◽  
M. Reyes ◽  
J. C. Ionita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Surgically Induced

SummaryObjective: Even though equine multi-limb tendinopathy models have been reported, it is unknown if fore- and hindlimb tendon healing behave similarly. The aim of this study was to compare the healing process of surgically induced superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) core lesions of fore- and hindlimbs in horses.Methods: Tendon core lesions were surgically induced in the SDFT of both fore- and hindlimbs in eight horses. One randomly assigned forelimb and one randomly assigned hindlimb were injected with saline one and two weeks post-surgery. The healing process was monitored clinically and ultrasonographically. After 24 weeks, the tendons were harvested and biochemical, biomechanical and histological parameters were evaluated.Results: Twenty-four weeks post-surgery, the forelimb SDFT lesions had a significantly higher colour Doppler ultrasound vascularization score (p = 0.02) and glycosaminoglycan concentration (p = 0.04) and a significantly lower hydroxylysylpyridinoline content (p = 0.03).Clinical relevance: Our results indicate that fore- and hindlimb SDFT surgically induced lesions exhibit significant differences in several important parameters of tendon healing 24 weeks post-surgery. These differences create significant challenges in using all four limbs and accurately interpreting the results that one might generate. Therefore these findings do not support the use of four-limb models for study of tendon injury until the reasons for these differences are much better understood.

Tendon healing in presence of chronic low-level inflammation: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Chisari ◽  
Laura Rehak ◽  
Wasim S Khan ◽  
Nicola Maffulli
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Abstract Background Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition affecting subjects regardless of their activity level. Multiple inflammatory molecules found in ex vivo samples of human tendons are related to the initiation or progression of tendinopathy. Their role in tendon healing is the subject of this review. Sources of data An extensive review of current literature was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library using the term ‘tendon’, as well as some common terms of tendon conditions such as ‘tendon injury OR (tendon damage) OR tendonitis OR tendinopathy OR (chronic tendonitis) OR tendinosis OR (chronic tendinopathy) OR enthesitis’ AND ‘healing’ AND ‘(inflammation OR immune response)’ as either key words or MeSH terms. Areas of agreement An environment characterized by a low level of chronic inflammation, together with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, may influence the physiological tendon healing response after treatment. Areas of controversy Most studies on this topic exhibited limited scientific translational value because of their heterogeneity. The evidence associated with preclinical studies is limited. Growing points The role of inflammation in tendon healing is still unclear, though it seems to affect the overall outcome. A thorough understanding of the biochemical mediators of healing and their pathway of pain could be used to target tendinopathy and possibly guide its management. Areas timely for developing research We require further studies with improved designs to effectively evaluate the pathogenesis and progression of tendinopathy to identify cellular and molecular targets to improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Pruritus in Mastocytosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Kwiatkowska ◽  
Adam Reich
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Neurogenic Inflammation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Mutual Communication

Pruritus can be defined as an unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch and significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. Pruritus is widely observed in many dermatoses, including mastocytosis, a rare disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of mast cells, which can involve skin, bone marrow, and other organs. Increasing evidence highlights the role of mast cells in neurogenic inflammation and itching. Mast cells release various pruritogenic mediators, initiating subsequent mutual communication with specific nociceptors on sensory nerve fibres. Among important mediators released by mast cells that induce pruritus, one can distinguish histamine, serotonin, proteases, as well as various cytokines. During neuronal-induced inflammation, mast cells may respond to numerous mediators, including neuropeptides, such as substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide, endothelin 1, and nerve growth factor. Currently, treatment of pruritus in mastocytosis is focused on alleviating the effects of mediators secreted by mast cells. However, a deeper understanding of the intricacies of the neurobiology of this disease could help to provide better treatment options for patients.

scholarly journals Tendon healing is adversely affected by low-grade inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Chisari ◽  
Laura Rehak ◽  
Wasim S. Khan ◽  
Nicola Maffulli
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Primary Injury

Abstract Background Tendinopathy is common, presents with pain and activity limitation, and is associated with a high risk of recurrence of the injury. Tendinopathy usually occurs as a results of a disrupted healing response to a primary injury where cellular and molecular pathways lead to low grade chronic inflammation. Main findings There has been a renewed interest in investigating the role of Inflammation in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy, in particular during the initial phases of the condition where it may not be clinically evident. Understanding the early and late stages of tendon injury pathogenesis would help develop new and effective treatments addressed at targeting the inflammatory pathways. Conclusion This review outlines the role of low-grade Inflammation in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy, stressing the role of proinflammatory cytokines, proteolytic enzymes and growth factors, and explores how Inflammation exerts a negative influence on the process of tendon healing.

scholarly journals The role of the immune system in tendon healing: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Chisari ◽  
Laura Rehak ◽  
Wasim S Khan ◽  
Nicola Maffulli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healing Response

Abstract Introduction The role of the immune system in tendon healing relies on polymorphonucleocytes, mast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, the ‘immune cells’ and their cytokine production. This systematic review reports how the immune system affects tendon healing. Sources of data We registered our protocol (registration number: CRD42019141838). After searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, we included studies of any level of evidence published in peer-reviewed journals reporting clinical or preclinical results. The PRISMA guidelines were applied, and risk of bias and the methodological quality of the included studies were assessed. We excluded all the articles with high risk of bias and/or low quality after the assessment. We included 62 articles assessed as medium or high quality. Areas of agreement Macrophages are major actors in the promotion of proper wound healing as well as the resolution of inflammation in response to pathogenic challenge or tissue damage. The immune cells secrete cytokines involving both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors which could affect both healing and macrophage polarization. Areas of controversy The role of lymphocytes, mast cells and polymorphonucleocytes is still inconclusive. Growing points The immune system is a major actor in the complex mechanism behind the healing response occurring in tendons after an injury. A dysregulation of the immune response can ultimately lead to a failed healing response. Areas timely for developing research Further studies are needed to shed light on therapeutic targets to improve tendon healing and in managing new way to balance immune response.

scholarly journals The role of mast cells in the healing process from burn

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Eiichi Kakizoe ◽  
Yoriko Nishikohri ◽  
Yuta Kobayashi ◽  
Keiko Shimoura ◽  
Satoshi Dekio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Healing Process

scholarly journals New Insights into the Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Regulating the Inflammatory Response after Tissue Injury

PPAR Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam D. Neher ◽  
Sebastian Weckbach ◽  
Markus S. Huber-Lang ◽  
Philip F. Stahel
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Major trauma results in a strong inflammatory response in injured tissue. This posttraumatic hyperinflammation has been implied in the adverse events leading to a breakdown of host defense mechanisms and ultimately to delayed organ failure. Ligands to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have recently been identified as potent modulators of inflammation in various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. The main mechanism of action mediated by ligand binding to PPARs is the inhibition of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, leading to downregulation of downstream gene transcription, such as for genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. Pharmacological PPAR agonists exert strong anti-inflammatory properties in various animal models of tissue injury, including central nervous system trauma, ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, and shock. In addition, PPAR agonists have been shown to induce wound healing process after tissue trauma. The present review was designed to provide an up-to-date overview on the current understanding of the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of the inflammatory response after major trauma. Therapeutic options for using recombinant PPAR agonists as pharmacological agents in the management of posttraumatic inflammation will be discussed.

scholarly journals Basic Research on Tendon Repair: Strategies, Evaluation, and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jie Li ◽  
Qian Qian Yang ◽  
You Lang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Continuous Optimization ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Wound Healing Process

Tendon is a fibro-elastic structure that links muscle and bone. Tendon injury can be divided into two types, chronic and acute. Each type of injury or degeneration can cause substantial pain and the loss of tendon function. The natural healing process of tendon injury is complex. According to the anatomical position of tendon tissue, the clinical results are different. The wound healing process includes three overlapping stages: wound healing, proliferation and tissue remodeling. Besides, the healing tendon also faces a high re-tear rate. Faced with the above difficulties, management of tendon injuries remains a clinical problem and needs to be solved urgently. In recent years, there are many new directions and advances in tendon healing. This review introduces tendon injury and sums up the development of tendon healing in recent years, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, growth factor and drug therapy and tissue engineering. Although most of these therapies have not yet developed to mature clinical application stage, with the repeated verification by researchers and continuous optimization of curative effect, that day will not be too far away.

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