scholarly journals Detecting Fingerprints of Waterborne Bacteria on a Sensor

Chemosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saylan ◽  
Erdem ◽  
Cihangir ◽  
Denizli
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Recognition Element ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Human fecal contamination is a crucial threat that results in difficulties in access to clean water. Enterococcus faecalis is a bacteria which is utilized as an indicator in polluted water. Nevertheless, existing strategies face several challenges, including low affinity and the need for labelling, which limit their access to large scale applications. Herein, a label-free fingerprint of the surface proteins of waterborne bacteria on a sensor was demonstrated for real-time bacteria detection from aqueous and water samples. The kinetic performance of the sensor was evaluated and shown to have a range of detection that spanned five orders of magnitude, having a low detection limit (3.4 × 104 cfu/mL) and a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9957). The sensor also designated a high selectivity while other competitor bacteria were employed. The capability for multiple usage and long shelf-life are superior to other modalities. This is an impressive surface modification method that uses the target itself as a recognition element, ensuring a broad range of variability to replicate others with different structure, size and physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals From nanoscopic to macroscopic photo-driven motion in azobenzene-containing materials

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano L. Oscurato ◽  
Marcella Salvatore ◽  
Pasqualino Maddalena ◽  
Antonio Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Glassy Materials ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractThe illumination of azobenzene molecules with UV/visible light efficiently converts the molecules between trans and cis isomerization states. Isomerization is accompanied by a large photo-induced molecular motion, which is able to significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of the materials in which they are incorporated. In some material systems, the nanoscopic structural movement of the isomerizing azobenzene molecules can be even propagated at macroscopic spatial scales. Reversible large-scale superficial photo-patterning and mechanical photo-actuation are efficiently achieved in azobenzene-containing glassy materials and liquid crystalline elastomers, respectively. This review covers several aspects related to the phenomenology and the applications of the light-driven macroscopic effects observed in these two classes of azomaterials, highlighting many of the possibilities they offer in different fields of science, like photonics, biology, surface engineering and robotics.

Nanoassembled Model Catalysts: Changing Efficiency and Selectivity Atom-by-Atom

2000 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Heiz ◽  
S. Abbet ◽  
H. Häkkinen ◽  
U. Landman
Keyword(s):  
High Selectivity ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Gold Cluster ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Model Catalysts ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Phase Cluster ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Supported Pd ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractCluster-assembled materials open fascinating new routes for tuning physical and chemical properties by changing cluster size and often these materials behave completely differently than their bulk analogues. By depositing gas phase cluster cations on various surfaces, cluster model catalysts are fabricated, which exhibit remarkable catalytic activity. While inert as bulk material, gold cluster catalysts oxidize carbon monoxide with Au8 to be the smallest active size. In contrast to the high selectivity of Pd(111) surfaces for the cyclotrimerization of acetylene, small supported Pdn clusters reveal a strongly size-dependent selectivity for the polymerization of acetylene and catalyze the cyclotrimerization as well as the hydrogenation of the formed intermediate C4H4.

scholarly journals Solar light assisted green synthesis of photoreduced graphene oxide for the high-efficiency adsorption of anionic dyes

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (84) ◽  
pp. 53362-53372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yani Gong ◽  
Chengbing Qin ◽  
Wenjun He ◽  
Zhixing Qiao ◽  
Guofeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Graphene oxide (GO) with unique physical and chemical properties, such as high specific surface area, chemical stability and environmental friendliness, has been considered as an excellent adsorbent to remove organic dyes from polluted water.

The Abiotic Frame and Adaptations to Cope with Abiotic Constraints

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Brönmark ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Wind Turbulence ◽  
Abiotic Constraints ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This chapter draws up the abiotic frame for organisms set by the physical and chemical properties of a specific ecosystem. The abiotic frame is a combination of several features, including wind, turbulence, temperature and light, but also by nutrient status, pH and oxygen supply. Based on this abiotic frame, large-scale movements, as well as stratification phenomena of lakes are discussed. The importance of the surrounding land, that is, the catchment area, is stressed; specifically, how the catchment area may strongly affect the physical and chemical features of the lake or pond. In addition, this chapter explains how lakes and ponds have been, and still are, formed in the landscape and how organisms handle the abiotic frame.

scholarly journals Cometary topography and phase darkening

2019 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. A5
Author(s):  
J.-B. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Volatile Material ◽  
Phase Functions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Scale Roughness ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Geometric Effects ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aims. Cometary surfaces can change significantly and rapidly as a result of the sublimation of their volatile material. Many authors have investigated this evolution; topographic data from all comets visited by spacecrafts have been used previously to derive a quantitative model that relates large-scale roughness (i.e. topography) with the evolution state of the nucleus for Jupiter-family comets (JFCs). Ground-based observers have published measurements of the phase functions of many JFCs and reported a trend in the phase darkening, with primitive objects showing a stronger darkening than evolved objects. Methods. We used a numerical implementation of this previous topographic description to build virtual comets and measure the phase darkening induced by the different levels of macro-roughness. We then compared our model with other published values. Results. We find that pure geometric effects such as self-shadowing can represent up to 22% of the darkening that is observed for more primitive objects, and 15% for evolved surfaces. This shows that although physical and chemical properties remain the main contributor to the phase darkening, the additional effect of the topography cannot be neglected.

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO THIN FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 1830002 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENGLIN XIAN ◽  
LINHUA XU
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Zno Thin Films ◽  
Inorganic Species ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Sensor Property ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The surface modification plays an important role on both physical and chemical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) materials. In this review paper, efforts are made to summarize and analyze reported results regarding surface modification method, surface modification effect on the luminescence and superhydrophobic properties of ZnO thin films and nanostructures. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity and gas sensor property of modified ZnO using both organic and inorganic species are also involved.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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