scholarly journals Montmorillonite-Synergized Water-Based Intumescent Flame Retardant Coating for Plywood

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Hu ◽  
Zhao Sun ◽  
Xiaojun Zhu ◽  
Zhiqiang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Bulk Properties ◽  
Residual Mass ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Water Based

In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) was used as an inorganic synergist to prepare the water-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) ornamental coating for plywood. Results indicate that the 7 wt.% MMT modified IFR coating (No. 3) possess the best fire resistance (longer than 20 min) of the tested samples according to the fire performance, which significantly declines the specific extinction area by 44.12 m2·kg−1 compared to the coating without MMT by cone calorimeter. In addition, characterizations such as XPS, XRD, TG, SEM and FTIR were characterized to investigate the surface and bulk properties as well as the morphology of MMT synergized water-based IFR coating. It is revealed that the residual nitrogenous polyaromatic structure and 25.5% residual mass in the No. 3 coating are a result of the effect of MMT on the antioxidation properties of the char layer.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Flame Retardant Decorated Plywood Based on the Intumescent Flame Retardant Adhesive

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Muting Wu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Yuzhang Wu ◽  
Wei Qu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

A novel type of flame-retardant decorated plywood (FDP) was designed and prepared based on one kind of intumescent flame-retardant adhesive. The flame-retardant adhesive was composed of the phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardant and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin. An adhesive was placed between the plywood substrate and the decorative veneer. The shear strength of the FDP satisfied the Class II (GB/T 9846) when the ratio of flame-retardant and MUF was less than 0.65. The thermal stability of the flame-retardant adhesive was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The intumescent behaviors of adhesives were systematically investigated. The morphological and chemical structures of the intumescent char of the flame-retardant adhesive were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), respectively. The fire performance of FDP was assessed by the cone calorimeter and the single burning item test. The FDP exhibited the most effective barrier when the optimized ratio of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) in the adhesive is 3. The flame-retardant class of FDP could be up to class B1(B) according to GB/T 8624.

Influence of Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flammability and Tensile Behavior of Oil-Extended SEBS

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Li ◽  
Yan Chun Li ◽  
Chen Jie Shi ◽  
Si Si Cai ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A kind of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were used for flame retarding of oil-extended hydrogenated styrene-butylenes-styrene (O-SEBS). The samples were systemically characterized by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the IFR retardant can promote residual chars with multi-micro holes on the surface of SEBS to inhibit flame; with 45% IFR content, the LOI is 28.3 and flame retardant level is UL-94 classification of V-0, with no dripping. The morphological structures observed by SEM demonstrated that higher IFR content promote to form larger and compact films cover on bubbles of the intumescent char layer. The TG data revealed that the IFR could change the degradation behavior of the O-SEBS, enhance the thermal stability and increase the char residue, The tensile strength of all the O-SEBS/IFR blends had the tensile strength of more than 4MPa and the elongation of more than 850%.

scholarly journals Role of Copper Oxide on Epoxy Coatings with New Intumescent Polymer-Based Fire Retardant

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5978
Author(s):  
Riyazuddin ◽  
Samrin Bano ◽  
Fohad Mabood Husain ◽  
Jamal Akhter Siddique ◽  
Khadijah H. Alharbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Major Drawback

Epoxy resins (EP) have been used as a thermos-setting material in the field of coating, casting, bonding agent, and laminating. However, a major drawback associated with its use is the lack of good flaming properties, and it is responsible for heavy smoke along with hazardous gases considerably limiting its uses in various fields. In this study, N-ethanolamine triazine-piperizine, a melamine polymer (ETPMP), was established as a new charring-foaming agent and was successfully synthesized with ethanolamine, piperizine, cyanuric chloride, and melamine as precursor molecules via the nucleophilic substitution reaction method. Elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis were applied to approve the synthesis of ETPMP and confirmation of its structure and characterization. The epoxy coating of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) was equipped by introducing ETPMP, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and copper oxide (CuO) in multiple composition ratios. CuO was loaded at various amounts into the IFR-coating system as a synergistic agent. The synergistic action of CuO on IFR coatings was scientifically examined by using different analytical tests such as vertical burning test (UL-94V), limited oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that small changes in the amount of CuO expressively amplified the LOI results and enhanced the V-0 ratings in the UL-94V test. The TGA data clearly demonstrate that the inclusion of CuO can transform the thermal deprivation behavior of coatings with a growing char slag proportion with elevated temperatures. Information from cone calorimeter data affirmed that CuO can decrease the burning factors by total heat release (THR) together with peak heat release rate (PHRR). The SEM images indicated that CuO can enrich the power and compression of the intumescent char that restricts the movement of heat and oxygen. Our results demonstrate a positive influence of CuO on the epoxy-headed intumescent flame retardant coatings.

Preparation and Performance of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Char Layer

A novel phosphor-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant was prepared by dry method (without adding any solvent) using H3PO4, P2O5, pentaerythritol and melamine as raw materials. IR analysis found that the synthetic flame retardants had the P=O and P-O-C double-ring structures, the same to phosphate ester melamine salts. The reaction temperature, time and the ratio of raw materials had significant effect on the esterification reaction. The esterification reaction temperature should be controlled between 120°C and 130°C, and the reaction time should be 2.5 hours. The conversion rate of esterification could be improved by adding P2O5 to the reaction, and preferential mole rate between H3PO4 and P2O5 should be 2:1. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the starting decomposition temperature of the flame retardant was 190°C, and at 700°C, the residual char rate was about 30%. The expansion ratio of the flame retardant after heated was about 30 to 50 times, SEM analysis found that the exteral surface of the expansion char layer was continuous and smooth, and the interior of the expansion char layer was uniformly porous structures, and the aperture size was about 150-200 μm, such porous structures could provide better adiabatic effect.

Synergistic Effect between Montmorillonite Intercalated by Melamine and Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) on Polypropylene

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Zhu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Kang Tao ◽  
Li Xin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Cation Exchange Reaction ◽  
Melamine Salt ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Limited Oxygen

This Montmorillonite modified by melamine (MA-MMT) was prepared via cation exchange reaction by using melamine salt as intercalation reagent. MA-MMT and Na-MMT was combined with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to be adopted into polypropylene (PP), respectively. The synergistic effect between MA-MMT and IFR and the influence of melamine in MMT layers on fire-resistant performance was evaluated. Results of limited oxygen index (LOI) tests and UL-94 tests indicate that melamine salts in MMT layers behaved better than Na-MMT in PP/IFR system. According to the results of cone calorimeter tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM), it concludes that melamine salts act as gas agent to provide migration impetus and expanded power, which caused a well-structured and strong char that had better ability to endure heat erosion. A good synergistic effect between MA-MMT and IFR is constructed.

Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Property of Bi-Layer Polypropylene Sheets with Flame Retardant Selective Distribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2145-2148
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Xu ◽  
Zheng Hong Guo ◽  
Zheng Ping Fang ◽  
Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Selective Distribution ◽  
Char Layer

The flame performance and mechanical property of bi-layer polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant/clay (PP/IFR/clay) sheets with flame retardant selective distribution were studied. The cone calorimeter measurements demonstrated that the selective distributed IFR can further reduce the peak first heat release rate (PHRR1), especially for the reduction in normalized mass loss. The digital images for the char residues after cone tests suggested that the char layer formed by the IFR particles in the selective distribution PP samples was more rapid and effective. The presence of IFR particles decreased the tensile strength and fracture strain of PP/IFR composites. The IFR composite with IFR particles selective in one layer can improve the fracture strain.

scholarly journals Expanded Polystyrene Beads Coated with Intumescent Flame Retardant Material to Achieve Fire Safety Standards

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2662
Author(s):  
Sangram P. Bhoite ◽  
Jonghyuck Kim ◽  
Wan Jo ◽  
Pravin H. Bhoite ◽  
Sawanta S. Mali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Coating Ratio

The compatibility and coating ratio between flame retardant materials and expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is a major impediment to achieving satisfactory flame retardant performance. In this study, we prepared a water-based intumescent flame retardant system and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-coated expandable polystyrene microspheres by a simple coating approach. We investigated the compatibility, coating ratio, and fire performance of EPS- and MDI-coated EPS foam using a water-based intumescent flame retardant system. The microscopic study revealed that the water-based intumescent flame retardant materials were successfully incorporated with and without MDI-coated EPS microspheres. The cone calorimeter tests (CCTs) of the MDI-coated EPS containing water-based intumescent flame retardant materials exhibited better flame retardant performance with a lower total heat release (THR) 7.3 MJ/m2, peak heat release rate (PHRR) 57.6 kW/m2, fire growth rate (FIGRA) 2027.067 W/m2.s, and total smoke production (TSP) 0.133 m2. Our results demonstrated that the MDI-coated EPS containing water-based intumescent flame retardant materials achieved flame retarding properties as per fire safety standards.

Combustion and thermal behaviors of the novel UV-cured intumescent flame retardant coatings containing phosphorus and nitrogen

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
WeiYi Xing ◽  
Lei Song ◽  
Yuan Hu ◽  
Xiaoqi Lv ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Triglycidyl Isocyanurate

AbstractPhosphorus-containing tri(acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (TAEP) was blended with triglycidyl isocyanurate acrylate (TGICA) in different ratios to obtain a series of UV curable intumescent flame retardant resins. The fire properties of the cured films were characterized by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 and Cone Calorimeter. A distinct synergistic effect was found between TAEP and TGICA. The sample TAEP2 had the highest LOI (44) value among all resins. The cone calorimeter results showed that the sample TAEP2 had the lowest peak heat release rate (297 KW/M2). The thermal degradation was monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). The degradation mechanism is suggested in which the phosphate group in TAEP first degraded to form poly(phosphoric acid)s, which further catalyzed the degradation of the material to form char with emission of nitrogen volatiles from TGICA, leading to the formation of expanding char.

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