Combined Use of Surface Texturing, Plasma Nitriding and DLC Coating on Tool Steel

In cold rolling, a textured roll can be used to imprint a desired surface topography onto the sheet during rolling. This work proposes the use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings to protect the surface topography of the rolls in replacement of the carcinogenic hard chrome. For that, hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) was deposited on plasma nitrided tool steel, both for ground and textured specimens. Changes in surface topography due to DLC coating were assessed using a confocal microscope. Coating adhesion was evaluated using the method VDI 3198. The specimens were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coating was characterized using Raman spectroscopy (RS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed a soft multilayer coating consisting of a plasma nitrided layer for load support, a Si-rich interlayer to improve adhesion and an a-C:H top layer. DLC deposition reduced the roughness of the textured specimens. The coating resulted in relatively stable friction and good durability, with small damage and negligible wear even under dry sliding.

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Nitriding of yttria-stabilized zirconia in atmospheric pressure microwave plasma

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2009.0245 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 2021-2028 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Milani ◽

R.P. Cardoso ◽

T. Belmonte ◽

C.A. Figueroa ◽

C.A. Perottoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Microwave Plasma ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Nitrided Layer ◽

Zirconium Nitride ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Partially Stabilized Zirconia ◽

X Ray ◽

Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia

High temperature plasma nitriding of yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia in atmospheric pressure microwave plasma was investigated. The morphological, mechanical, and physicochemical characteristics of the resulting nitrided layer were characterized by different methods, such as optical and scanning electron microscopy, microindentation, x-ray diffraction, narrow resonant nuclear reaction profiling, secondary neutral mass spectrometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, aiming at investigating the applicability of this highly efficient process for nitriding of ceramics. The structure of the plasma nitrided layer was found to be complex, composed of tetragonal and cubic zirconia, as well as zirconium nitride and oxynitride. The growth rate of the nitrided layer, 4 µm/min, is much higher than that obtained by any other previous nitriding process, whereas a typical 50% increase in Vickers hardness over that of yttria-partially-stabilized zirconia was observed.

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Deconvolution process approach in Raman spectra of DLC coating to determine the sp3 hybridization content using the ID/IG ratio in relation to the quantification determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Diamond and Related Materials ◽

10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108818 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 108818

Author(s):

Elhadji Cheikh Talibouya Ba ◽

Marcello Rosa Dumont ◽

Paulo Sérgio Martins ◽

Bárbara da Silva Pinheiro ◽

Matheus Philippe Martins da Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectra ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Process Approach ◽

X Ray ◽

Dlc Coating

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Evaluation of stress-strain behavior of surface treated steels by X-ray diffraction

Open Engineering ◽

10.2478/s13531-011-0051-4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luis Coelho ◽

A. Batista ◽

J. Nobre ◽

M. Marques

Keyword(s):

Yield Strength ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Nitrided Layer ◽

Experimental Methodology ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Stress Strain ◽

X Ray ◽

Strain Behavior ◽

Four Point Bending ◽

Nitride Layers

AbstractX-ray diffraction assisted four-point bending method (XRDABM) enables to analyze the evolution of surface stress with the strain during bending of specimens. This experimental methodology was used to characterize the stress-strain behavior of two plasma nitriding steels, DIN 40 Cr Mn Mo 7 and DIN 32 Cr Mo V 13, with gradients of mechanical properties across the surface layers, allowing the characterization of the in-depth evolution of the local yield strength in the nitrided layer. The results show a significantly increase of the yield strength of the nitride layers and a good agreement between the in-depth evolution of the yield strength and the XRD peak breadth for the two nitrided steels.

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Corrosion Resistance of MgZn Alloy Covered by Chitosan-Based Coatings

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22158301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 8301

Author(s):

Iryna Kozina ◽

Halina Krawiec ◽

Maria Starowicz ◽

Magdalena Kawalec

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Multilayer Coating ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Linear Sweep ◽

High Corrosion Resistance ◽

X Ray ◽

Hank’S Solution

Chitosan coatings are deposited on the surface of Mg20Zn magnesium alloy by means of the spin coating technique. Their structure was investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface morphology of the magnesium alloy substrate and chitosan coatings was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) analysis. Corrosion tests (linear sweep voltamperometry and chronoamperometry) were performed on uncoated and coated magnesium alloy in the Hank’s solution. In both cases, the hydrogen evolution method was used to calculate the corrosion rate after 7-days immersion in the Hank’s solution at 37 °C. It was found that the corrosion rate is 3.2 mm/year and 1.2 mm/year for uncoated and coated substrates, respectively. High corrosion resistance of Mg20Zn alloy covered by multilayer coating (CaP coating + chitosan water glass) is caused by formation of CaSiO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 compounds on its surface.

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Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11101149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1149

Author(s):

Jihua Peng ◽

Yang Xiao ◽

Yinglong Peng ◽

Weiqiu Li ◽

Jiwei Zeng

Keyword(s):

Hollow Cathode ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Ion Source ◽

Surface Microstructure ◽

X Ray ◽

Bombardment Energy ◽

Hot Film ◽

Surface Conversion

WC-Co cermet was plasma-nitrided with the assistance of a hollow cathode ion source at 400 °C under a vacuum of 3–8 Pa. Hot film chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) of a diamond coating was carried out on the nitrided specimen, without chemical etching. Scanning electronic microscopy, electron probing microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface microstructure of the nitride specimens and the coatings. A thin surface conversion layer with a specific structure was formed, in which the primary Co binder was transformed into Co-rich particles. The Co-rich particles consisted of a γ-Co core and a Co4N outer layer. This specific surface conversion layer significantly suppresses the out-diffusion and catalytic graphitization of Co during HFCVD. The existent phase, morphology, and density distribution of Co compounds can be tuned by varying the nitriding parameters, such as gas media, ionization ratio, bombardment energy flux, and nitriding duration.

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The Influence of Thickness of Layers in the Multilayer Coating of the PN + AlCrTiNmultinano Hybrid Layer on Tribological Properties

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.223.127 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 127-136

Author(s):

Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka ◽

Karolina Rydzewska ◽

Adam Mazurkiewicz ◽

Jan Kusiński ◽

Jerzy Smolik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Topography ◽

Tribological Properties ◽

Surface Engineering ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Multilayer Coating ◽

Hybrid Layer ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Hybrid Layers

One of the most perspective directions of the development of surface engineering is related to hybrid technologies. The best-known and widely used hybrid surface treatment technology is a combination of a gas or plasma nitriding process with the process of the deposition of hard antiwear coatings by means of PVD methods. The paper presents the influence of the thickness of layers in the multilayer coating on tribological properties of hybrid layers – PN + AlCrTiNmultinano obtained on the EN X32CrMoV3.3 hot working steel. The research methods concentrated on the analysis of mechanical properties, surface topography and microstructure, and tribological properties. The studies on mechanical properties included tests on hardness using the nanoindentation method and tests on adhesion using the scratchtest. The analysis of surface topography and microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties were examined using the ball-on-disc method. The coating was tested with alumina balls as counterparts at room temperature. The authors indicate that the PN + AlCrTiNmultinano hybrid layers are characterized by excellent mechanical properties and tribological resistance. In this paper, the authors confirmed that the thickness of layers in a multilayer coating is important in shaping the mechanical and tribological properties of the PN + AlCrTiNmultinano hybrid layer.

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Tribological Properties of DLC Coating with Various Zr Target Current

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.23 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 739 ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Wen Hsien Kao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tribological Properties ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Wear Depth ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Properties Of Coatings ◽

X Ray ◽

Dlc Coating ◽

Unbalanced Magnetron ◽

G Ratio

The main purpose of this study is to research the tribological properties and mechanical properties of diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) used unbalanced magnetron sputtering system (UBMS). The objective is influence of various Zr target current on the properties of coatings, current from 0.0 A to 0.5 A. The cross-section morphology was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). With the increase of the Zirconium targets current, the quantity contained of the Zirconium increases. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the microstructure properties of the coatings. The nanoindentation tester was used to measure the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the wear tests were achieved through the Schwingung Reibung and Verschliess (SRV) reciprocating wear tester under dry condition. The DLC coating was deposited used 0.4 A Zr target current possessed the lowest I(D)/I(G) ratio, the highest sp3 content and highest hardness. The DLC coating (0.4A) also displayed excellent tibological properties including the lowest friction coefficient, and wear depth.

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Easy and Fast Fabrication of Self-Cleaning and Anti-Icing Perfluoroalkyl Silane Film on Aluminium

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10030234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 234 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Rodič ◽

Barbara Kapun ◽

Matjaž Panjan ◽

Ingrid Milošev

Keyword(s):

Surface Topography ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Etching ◽

Surface Composition ◽

Infrared Camera ◽

Ethanol Solution ◽

X Ray ◽

Chemical Surface ◽

Fecl3 Solution ◽

Self Cleaning

A combination of the chemical etching process in FeCl3 solution and chemical surface grafting by immersion in ethanol solution containing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is a viable route to achieve a hierarchical surface topography and chemical bonding of silane molecules on an aluminium surface leading to (super)hydrophobic characteristics. Characterisation of untreated and treated aluminium surfaces was carried out using contact profilometry, optical tensiometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to define the surface topography, wettability, morphology and surface composition. Additionally, the dynamic characteristics were evaluated to define bouncing and the self-cleaning effect. A thermal infrared camera was employed to evaluate anti-icing properties. The micro/nano-structured etched aluminium surface grafted with perfluoroalkyl silane film showed excellent superhydrophobicity and bounce dynamics in water droplet tests. The superhydrophobic aluminium surface exhibited the efficient self-cleaning ability of solid pollutants as well as improved anti-icing performance with melting delay.

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Plasma Ion Nitriding of Low Carbon Stainless Maraging Steel

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.675 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 830-831 ◽

pp. 675-678

Author(s):

M. Agilan ◽

T. Venkateswran ◽

D. Sivakumar ◽

Bhanu Pant

Keyword(s):

Maraging Steel ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Nitrided Layer ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Case Depth ◽

Low Carbon ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Ion Nitriding ◽

X Ray ◽

Stainless Maraging Steel

Low carbon stainless maraging steel (0.03%C-12%Cr-10Ni-0.6Mo-0.2Ti) is being used widely for various components of the aerospace engines. To improve the wear resistance of the steel various surface hardening processes are being utilized to improve the surface hardness above 900HV. In this present research, plasma nitriding was carried out at two different temperatures of 450 °C and 475 °C for the holding duration of 10 hrs. Temperature of the nitrding process was ensured below the ageing temperature (500 °C) of the steel to avoid lowering of mechanical properties. Effect of plasma nitriding parameters on the surface hardness, case depth, microstructure and phases present in the nitrided layer were investigated in detail using microhardness analysis across the nitrided layer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that increase in nitriding temperature increased the surface hardness and case depth. In addition, the presence of Fe3N and Fe4N phases in the nitrided layer were observed using X-ray diffraction technique.

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The Role of the Material of Active Screen During the Plasma Nitriding Process

Acta Materialia Transilvanica ◽

10.33924/amt-2020-01-04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Dorina Kovács ◽

Annamária Szabó ◽

Alexandra Kemény

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽

Plasma Nitriding ◽

Iron Nitride ◽

X Ray ◽

42Crmo4 Steel ◽

Nickel Screen ◽

Unalloyed Steel ◽

Active Screen

AbstractIn this research the effect of the active screen’s material was investigated. 42CrMo4 steel was plasma nitrided with unalloyed steel, titanium and nickel active screen at 490 and 510 °C for 4h in 75 % N2 + 25 % H2 gas mixture. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the characterisation of the surface properties. Iron-nitride was not formed on the surface with nickel screen. The evaluation of examination results showed that most of the detected nitrogen was molecular (N2) in the formed layer.

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