Characterization of Beeswax, Candelilla Wax and Paraffin Wax for Coating Cheeses

A study on the physical and mechanical properties of beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CW), paraffin wax (PW) and blends was carried out with the aim to evaluate their usefulness as coatings for cheeses. Waxes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), permeability, viscosity, flexural and tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy. Cheeses were coated with the waxes and stored for 5 weeks at 30 °C. Measured parameters were weight, moisture, occurrence and degree of fractures, and dimensional changes. The crystal phases identified by XRD for the three waxes allowed them to determine the length of alkanes and the nonlinear compounds in crystallizable forms in waxes. FTIR spectra showed absorption bands between 1800 and 800 cm−1 related to carbonyls in BW and CW. In DSC, the onset of melting temperature was 45.5 °C for BW, and >54 °C for CW and PW. Cheeses coated with BW did not show cracks after storage. Cheeses coated with CW and PW showed microcraks, and lost weight, moisture and shrunk. In the flexural and tensile tests, BW was ductile; CW and PW were brittle. BW blends with CW or PW displays a semi ductile behavior. Cheeses coated with BW blends lost less than 5% weight during storage. The best waxes were BW and the blends.

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Study of Mechanical Properties of PHBHV/Miscanthus Green Composites Using Combined Experimental and Micromechanical Approaches

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13162650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2650

Author(s):

Thibault Lemaire ◽

Erica Gea Rodi ◽

Valérie Langlois ◽

Estelle Renard ◽

Vittorio Sansalone

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Specific Class ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Green Wood ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

The One

In recent years the interest in the realization of green wood plastic composites (GWPC) materials has increased due to the necessity of reducing the proliferation of synthetic plastics. In this work, we study a specific class of GWPCs from its synthesis to the characterization of its mechanical properties. These properties are related to the underlying microstructure using both experimental and modeling approaches. Different contents of Miscanthus giganteus fibers, at 5, 10, 20, 30 weight percent’s, were thus combined to a microbial matrix, namely poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)-co-poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV). The samples were manufactured by extrusion and injection molding processing. The obtained samples were then characterized by cyclic-tensile tests, pycnometer testing, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. The possible effect of the fabrication process on the fibers size is also checked. In parallel, the measured properties of the biocomposite were also estimated using a Mori–Tanaka approach to derive the effective behavior of the composite. As expected, the addition of reinforcement to the polymer matrix results in composites with higher Young moduli on the one hand, and lower failure strains and tensile strengths on the other hand (tensile modulus was increased by 100% and tensile strength decreased by 23% when reinforced with 30 wt % of Miscanthus fibers).

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Development, Fabrication, and Characterization of Composite Polycaprolactone Membranes Reinforced with TiO2 Nanoparticles

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11121955 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1955 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karina del Ángel-Sánchez ◽

César I. Borbolla-Torres ◽

Luis M. Palacios-Pineda ◽

Nicolás A. Ulloa-Castillo ◽

Alex Elías-Zúñiga

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Experimental Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

The One

This paper focuses on developing, fabricating, and characterizing composite polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) elaborated by using two solvents; acetic acid and a mixture of chloroform and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The resulting physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the composite materials are studied by using experimental characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, contact angle (CA), uniaxial and biaxial tensile tests, and surface roughness measurements. Experimental results show that the composite material synthesized by sol-gel and chloroform-DMF has a better performance than the one obtained by using acetic acid as a solvent.

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Microstructure and Thermomechanical Characterization of Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr Shape Memory Alloy

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11040649 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 649

Author(s):

Antonio Collazo ◽

Raúl Figueroa ◽

Carmen Mariño-Martínez ◽

Carmen Pérez

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory ◽

Thermal Activation ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Ε Martensite ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Activation Cycle

Iron-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been widely studied during the last years, producing new formulations with potential applications in civil engineering. In the present paper, the microstructure and the thermomechanical behavior of the Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr memory alloy has been investigated. At room temperature, the presence of ε-martensite and γ-austenite was confirmed using optical and electron microscopy techniques. The martensitic transformation temperatures (As, Af, Ms, and Mf) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, together with an X-ray diffraction technique. The use of these techniques also confirmed that this transformation is not totally reversible, depending on the strain degree and the number of thermal cycles. From the kinetics study of the ε → γ transformation, the isoconversion curves (transformation degree versus time) were built, which provided the information required to optimize the thermal activation cycle. Tensile tests were performed to characterize the mechanical properties of the studied alloy. These kinds of tests were also performed to assess the shape memory effect, getting a recovery stress of 140 MPa, after a 7.6% pre-strain and a thermal activation up to 160 °C.

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Glibenclamide-Nicotinamide Cocrystals Synthesized by The Solvent Evaporation Method to Enhance Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Glibenclamide

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.1.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Arif Budiman ◽

Ayu Apriliani ◽

Tazyinul Qoriah ◽

Sandra Megantara

Keyword(s):

Solvent Evaporation ◽

Physical Mixture ◽

Dissolution Profile ◽

Solvent Evaporation Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Evaporation Method ◽

Dissolution Properties ◽

Mixture Characterization

Purpose: To develop glibenclamide-nicotinamide cocrystals with the solvent evaporation method and evaluate their solubility and dissolution properties. Methods: Cocrystals of glibenclamide-nicotinamide (1:2) were prepared with the solvent evaporation method. The prediction of interactive cocrystals was observed using in silico method. The solubility and dissolution were performed as evaluation of cocrystals. The cocrystals also were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectrophotometry, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Result: The solubility and dissolution profile of glibenclamide-nicotinamide cocrystal (1:2) increased significantly compared to pure glibenclamide as well as its physical mixture. Characterization of cocrystal glibenclamide-nicotinamide (1:2) including infrared Fourier transform, DSC, and PXRD, indicated the formation of a new solid crystal phase differing from glibenclamide and nicotinamide. Conclusion: The confirmation of cocrystal glibenclamide-nicotinamide (1:2) indicated the formation of new solid crystalline phases that differ from pure glibenclamide and its physical mixture

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Studies on the Preparation, Characterization and Solubility of -Cyclodextrin-Roxythromycin Inclusion Complexes

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.2.5 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 523-530

Author(s):

D. Nagasamy Venkatesh ◽

S. Karthick ◽

M. Umesh ◽

G. Vivek ◽

R.M. Valliappan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dissolution Rate ◽

Inclusion Complexes ◽

Phase Solubility ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Ir Studies ◽

Poorly Soluble ◽

Poorly Soluble Drug

Roxythromycin/ β-cyclodextrin (Roxy/ β-CD) dispersions were prepared with a view to study the influence of β-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly soluble drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of roxythromycin was significantly increased in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and was classified as AL-type, indicating the 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Physical characterization of the prepared systems was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and IR studies. Solid state characterization of the drug β-CD binary system using XRD, FTIR and DSC revealed distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the formulation, ostensibly accounting for enhancement of dissolution rate.

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Quantitative Characterization of Hydration of Cement Pastes by Rietveld Phase Analysis and Thermoanalysis

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.539.19 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 539 ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Qi Wei ◽

Wu Yao

Keyword(s):

Phase Analysis ◽

Cement Paste ◽

Rietveld Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Quantitative Characterization ◽

Cement Pastes ◽

Hydration Mechanism ◽

Spot Check

The quantitative characterization of hydration of cement pastes has always been one of focuses of researchers’ attention. Rietveld phase analysis (RPA), a combination of quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) and the Rietveld method, supplies a tool of an enormous potential for that. Although a few of related researches were conducted by RPA, the reported attention was not paid to the neat cement paste with a low w/c ratio. Therefore, this work aimed at the quantitative study on hydration of such a cement paste chiefly by this method, meanwhile, cooperated with the hyphenated technique of thermogravimetry with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), as a spot check. Results indicated that RPA was a reliable method in quantitatively characterizing hydration of cement pastes, and gave a clear decription of evolution of all main crystal phases in cement pastes; and that the evolution of monosulphate(Afm_12) was also able to be tracked quantitatively. This will help to understand better the hydration mechanism of cement pastes, as well as to investigate quantitatively effects of mineral and chemical admixtures on hydration of composite cementitious systems.

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Characterization of New Inorganic- Organic Hybrid Compounds: (C6H10N2).Cl2 (I), [C6H10N2]2ZnCl4 (II): Crystal Structure, Hirschfield Surface, IR and NMR spectroscopy Analysis.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-803292/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

nejeh hannachi ◽

faouzi hlel

Keyword(s):

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Spectroscopy Analysis ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Monoclinic System ◽

Xrd Pattern ◽

Organic Hybrid ◽

C Nmr

Abstract Two new organic-inorganic hybrid materials, (C6H10N2).Cl2 (I) and [C6H10N2]2ZnCl4 (II), have been synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and XRD pattern investigations. These two compounds are crystallized in the monoclinic system; C2/c space group. In the both structures, the anionic-cationic entities are interconnected by hydrogen bonding contacts and p-p Interaction forming three-dimensional networks. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the contacts of the four different chloride atoms in (II) were compared. The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were also investigated by solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy.

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Enhancing the Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Hemp Protein Particles (HPP) Composites

International Polymer Processing ◽

10.1515/ipp-2020-3974 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 137-143

Author(s):

S. A. Awad

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Composite Films ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Solution Casting Method ◽

Protein Particles

Abstract This paper aims to describe the thermal, mechanical, and surface properties of a PVA/HPP blend whereby the film was prepared using a solution casting method. The improvements in thermal and mechanical properties of HPP-based PVA composites were investigated. The characterization of pure PVA and PVA composite films included tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of TGA and DSC indicated that the addition of HPP increased the thermal decomposition temperature of the composites. Mechanical properties are significantly improved in PVA/HPP composites. The thermal stability of the PVA composite increased with the increase of HPP filler content. The tensile strength increased from 15.74 ± 0.72 MPa to 27.54 ± 0.45 MPa and the Young’s modulus increased from 282.51 ± 20.56 MPa to 988.69 ± 42.64 MPa for the 12 wt% HPP doped sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that at elevated temperatures, enhanced mechanical properties because of the presence of HPP was even more noticeable. Morphological observations displayed no signs of agglomeration of HPP fillers even in composites with high HPP loading.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE/TI6AL4V COMPOSITE POWDER UNDER VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v75.5168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Arifin ◽

Abu Bakar Sulong ◽

Norhamidi Muhamad ◽

Junaidi Syarif

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Powder ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Two Phases ◽

Work Interaction

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, Hydroxyapatite possesses poor mechanical properties and only tolerate limited loads for implants. Titanium is well-known materials applied in implant that has advantage in mechanical properties but poor in biocompatibility. The combination of the Titanium alloy and HA is expected to produce bio-implants with good in term of mechanical properties and biocompatabilty. In this work, interaction and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V was analyzed. The physical and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V composite powder obtained from compaction (powder metallurgy) of 60 wt.% Ti6Al4V and 40 wt.% HA and sintering at different temperatures in air were investigated in this study. Interactions of the mixed powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The hardness and density of the HA/Ti6Al4V composites were also measured. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the oxidation of Ti began at 700 °C. At 1000 °C, two phases were formed (i.e., TiO2 and CaTiO3). The results showed that the hardness HA/Ti6Al4V composites increased by 221.6% with increasing sintering temperature from 700oC to 1000oC. In contrast, the density of the composites decreased by 1.9% with increasing sintering temperature.

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A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Submicro-Sized BiFeO3

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13133035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3035

Author(s):

Dovydas Karoblis ◽

Diana Griesiute ◽

Kestutis Mazeika ◽

Dalis Baltrunas ◽

Dmitry V. Karpinsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bismuth Ferrite ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Synthetic Approach ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Dsc Measurements ◽

Optimal Annealing Temperature ◽

Synthesized Materials

In this study, a highly crystalline bismuth ferrite (BFO) powder was synthesized using a novel, very simple, and cost-effective synthetic approach. It was demonstrated that the optimal annealing temperature for the preparation of highly-pure BFO is 650 °C. At lower or higher temperatures, the formation of neighboring crystal phases was observed. The thermal behavior of BFO precursor gel was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy were employed for the investigation of structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate morphological features of the synthesized materials. The obtained powders were also characterized by magnetization measurements, which showed antiferromagnetic behavior of BFO powders.

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