scholarly journals Investigation Utilizing the HLB Concept for the Development of Moisturizing Cream and Lotion: In-Vitro Characterization and Stability Evaluation

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Alam ◽  
Mohammed S. Algahtani ◽  
Mohammad Zaki Ahmad ◽  
Javed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Stability Evaluation ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Droplet Morphology

The current study aims to utilize the concept of the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value of ingredients for the development of a stable emulsion-based moisturizing cream and lotion for cosmetic application. The combination of a hydrophilic and lipophilic emulsifier such as glyceryl stearate (HLB value 3.8) and PEG-100 stearate (HLB value 18.8) were found to be effective to emulsify the chosen oil phase system at a specific concentration to achieve the required HLB for the development of the stable emulsion-based system. The developed formulation was characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, rheology, and droplet morphology. The influence of carbopol® ETD 2020 and the concentration of the oil phase on the rheology of the product was investigated and found to be significant to achieve the required thickening to convert the lotion into a cream. The formulation system developed through utilizing the concept of HLB was compared to a product developed through the conventional approach. It was observed that the utilization of the HLB method for the development of an emulsion-based product is a promising strategy compared to the conventional method. The physical stability and thermodynamic stability tests were carried out under different storage conditions. It was observed that the developed formulation was able to retain its integrity without showing any signs of instability during storage.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Nanoemulgels Containing a Combination of Grape Seed Oil and Anisotriazine as Sunscreen

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 994-999
Author(s):  
Anayanti Arianto ◽  
Desi Yet Lie Lie ◽  
Sumaiyah ◽  
Hakim Bangun Bangun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Grape Seed Oil ◽  
Droplet Morphology

BACKGROUND: Grape seed oil contains Vitamin E which acts as skin antioxidant and natural ultraviolet (UV) absorbent and anisotriazine is used as chemical absorbent. Sun protection factor (SPF) value of the sunscreen and physical stability can be increased using a combination of grape seed oil and anisotriazine as sunscreen material and preparation by nanotechnology. AIM: The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate physical stability and in vitro SPF value of sunscreen nanoemulgel containing grape seed oil and anisotriazine. METHODS: Nanoemulgels containing 4% grape seed oil and anisotriazine (1.6% and 3.2%) were formulated by adding 2% of Carbopol 940 gel to the optimized nanoemulsions formulation with a ratio of nanoemulsion and gel 4:1. The nanoemulgels were evaluated physical stability during storage for 12 weeks at variations of temperature, centrifugation, and cycling test. SPF values of nanoemulgels were determined by UV–visible spectrophotometric method and compared to emulgel. Droplet morphology observation of nanoemulgel using transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that sunscreen nanoemulgel containing 4% grape seed oil and 3.2% anisotriazine had average droplet size of 187.5 nm, physically stable during experiment for 12 weeks at variation of temperature and after centrifugation and cycling test, but the sunscreen emulgel showed a phase separation. The SPF of nanoemulgel containing a combination of 4% grape seed oil and 3.2%, nanoemulgel without anisotriazine, and emulgel formulation was 19.325 ± 0.232, 11.169 ± 0.113, and 11.913 ± 0.161, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of droplet morphology showed that this nanoemulgel formulation formed a spherical globule. CONCLUSION: The sunscreen nanoemulgel formulation containing combination of 4% grape seed oil and 3.2% anisotriazine more stable than sunscreen emulgel during experiment for 12 weeks at room temperature and showed the SPF value higher compared to emulgel containing 4% grape seed oil and 3.2% anisotriazine and nanoemulgel without anisotriazine.

scholarly journals Liquid and Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDs) as Carriers for the Oral Delivery of Azithromycin: Optimization, In Vitro Characterization and Stability Assessment

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Reem Abou Assi ◽  
Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi ◽  
Toh Seok Ming ◽  
Chan Siok Yee ◽  
Habibah A. Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Low Solubility

Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of various bacterial infections. The drug is known to have low oral bioavailability (37%) which may be attributed to its relatively high molecular weight, low solubility, dissolution rate, and incomplete intestinal absorption. To overcome these drawbacks, liquid (L) and solid (S) self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDs) of AZM were developed and optimized. Eight different pseudo-ternary diagrams were constructed based on the drug solubility and the emulsification studies in various SEDDs excipients at different surfactant to co-surfactant (Smix) ratios. Droplet size (DS) < 150 nm, dispersity (Đ) ≤ 0.7, and transmittance (T)% > 85 in three diluents of distilled water (DW), 0.1 mM HCl, and simulated intestinal fluids (SIF) were considered as the selection criteria. The final formulations of L-SEDDs (L-F1(H)), and S-SEDDs (S-F1(H)) were able to meet the selection requirements. Both formulations were proven to be cytocompatible and able to open up the cellular epithelial tight junctions (TJ). The drug dissolution studies showed that after 5 min > 90% and 52.22% of the AZM was released from liquid and solid SEDDs formulations in DW, respectively, compared to 11.27% of the pure AZM, suggesting the developed SEDDs may enhance the oral delivery of the drug. The formulations were stable at refrigerator storage conditions.

Optimization of Olive Oil-Based Nanoemulsion Preparation for Intravenous Drug Delivery

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (05) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Karami ◽  
Maryam Khoshkam ◽  
Mehrdad Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Preparation Temperature ◽  
Solubility Study ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

AbstractA seven-factor Box-Behnken design was used for the optimized development of an olive oil-based nanoemulsion (NE) intended for intravenous drug delivery. The independent variables of olive oil concentration, tween 80 concentration, span 80 concentration, rate of adding of oil in aqueous phase, homogenization speed, homogenization time, and preparation temperature, were used as inputs of the factorial design. The response variables were mean droplet diameter, zeta potential (ZP), and polydispersity index (PDI). A quadratic, linear and 2FI model was established to predict the responses based on the multivariate model developed. The obtained experimental responses were in good agreement with predicted values from expert design, showing residual standard error (RSE) less than 10 %. TEM revealed that the optimized nanoemulsions were almost spherical with mean diameter about 40 nm. The developed formulation showed only about 4.6% of hemolysis and was safe for intravenous delivery. As well, the other in vitro characterization of the optimal nanoemulsion such as viscosity, percent transmittance, physical stability, and solubility study revealed it to be promising as an intravenous drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Nanoparticle Based Strategies for Improving Carotenoid Stability and Biological Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Kandi Sridhar ◽  
Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj ◽  
Bing-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Metal Metal

Carotenoids are natural pigments widely used in food industries due to their health-promoting properties. However, the presence of long-chain conjugated double bonds are responsible for chemical instability, poor water solubility, low bioavailability and high susceptibility to oxidation. The application of a nanoencapsulation technique has thus become a vital means to enhance stability of carotenoids under physiological conditions due to their small particle size, high aqueous solubility and improved bioavailability. This review intends to overview the advances in preparation, characterization, biocompatibility and application of nanocarotenoids reported in research/review papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last five years. More specifically, nanocarotenoids were prepared from both carotenoid extracts and standards by employing various preparation techniques to yield different nanostructures including nanoemulsions, nanoliposomes, polymeric/biopolymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, supercritical fluid-based nanoparticles and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Stability studies involved evaluation of physical stability and/or chemical stability under different storage conditions and heating temperatures for varied lengths of time, while the release behavior and bioaccessibility were determined by various in vitro digestion and absorption models as well as bioavailability through elucidating pharmacokinetics in an animal model. Moreover, application of nanocarotenoids for various biological applications including antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antiaging, cosmetics, diabetic wound healing and hepatic steatosis were summarized.

Resveratrol Nanocrystal Loaded Orodispersible Films: Formulation Development and In Vitro Characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samet Ozdemir ◽  
Burcu Uner ◽  
Alptug Karakucuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Orodispersible Films ◽  
Antisolvent Precipitation ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Abstract Nanocrystals are a feasible system to improve the aqueous solubility of poorly soluble compounds. Orodispersible films (ODFs) offer a rapid release of the drug in the mouth and are preferred for patients with dysphagia or paediatrics. The objective of the current study was to develop resveratrol (RES) nanocrystal-loaded ODFs. RES nanocrystals were prepared by antisolvent precipitation in the existence of Poloxamer 188 as a polymeric stabilizer. Polyvinyl alcohol was used for the preparation of the ODFs by using the solvent casting method. Then, RES nanocrystals were incorporated into the films. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) values were measured for nanocrystals. ODFs were characterized, and bioadhesion, disintegration, and in vitro release studies were performed. RES nanocrystals were obtained with 631 nm PS, 0.314 PDI and − 14.3 ZP values. Over 90% of RES nanocrystals were loaded in ODFs, which were approximately 75 µm in thickness. The thermal and crystal properties of nanocrystals in ODFs were preserved regarding DSC and FTIR analyses. Homogenous distribution in smooth films was observed on SEM. Mechanical properties and bioadhesion forces were found to be appropriate for ODFs. The disintegration time was found below 30 seconds for nanocrystal loaded films. RES nanocrystal loaded film formulations showed > 85% release in 5 minutes, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those prepared with coarse RES. Novel RES nanocrystal-loaded ODFs can be a promising delivery system for use as an antioxidant with improved patient compliance by increasing solubility and physical stability of RES.

THE ROLE OF POLYETHYLENIMINE IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE OF GLUTAMATE BIOSENSORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Diep Do Thi Hong ◽  
Duong Le Phuoc ◽  
Hoai Nguyen Thi ◽  
Serra Pier Andrea ◽  
Rocchitta Gaia
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Glutamate Oxidase

Background: The first biosensor was constructed more than fifty years ago. It was composed of the biorecognition element and transducer. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples Glutamate is important biochemicals involved in energetic metabolism and neurotransmission. Therefore, biosensors requires the development a new approach exhibiting high sensibility, good reproducibility and longterm stability. The first-generation enzyme biosensors play important role in monitoring neurotransmitter and determine small quantities of substances in complex matrices of the samples. The aims of this work: To find out which concentration of polyethylenimine (PEI) exhibiting the most high sensibility, good reproducibility and long-term stability. Methods: We designed and developed glutamate biosensor using different concentration of PEI ranging from 0% to 5% at Day 1 and Day 8. Results: After Glutamate biosensors in-vitro characterization, several PEI concentrations, ranging from 0.5% to 1% seem to be the best in terms of VMAX, the KM; while PEI content ranging from 0.5% to 1% resulted stable, PEI 1% displayed an excellent stability. Conclusions: In the result, PEI 1% perfomed high sensibility, good stability and blocking interference. Furthermore, we expect to develop and characterize an implantable biosensor capable of detecting glutamate, glucose in vivo. Key words: Glutamate biosensors, PEi (Polyethylenimine) enhances glutamate oxidase, glutamate oxidase biosensors

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