scholarly journals Applications of Natural, Semi-Synthetic, and Synthetic Polymers in Cosmetic Formulations

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Thais F. R. Alves ◽  
Margreet Morsink ◽  
Fernando Batain ◽  
Marco V. Chaud ◽  
Taline Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Permeation Enhancers ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Hair Care ◽  
Friendly Character

Cosmetics composed of synthetic and/or semi-synthetic polymers, associated or not with natural polymers, exhibit a dashing design, with thermal and chemo-sensitive properties. Cosmetic polymers are also used for the preparation of nanoparticles for the delivery of, e.g., fragrances, with the purpose to modify their release profile and also reducing the risk of evaporation. Besides, other cosmetically active nutrients, dermal permeation enhancers, have also been loaded into nanoparticles to improve their bioactivities on the skin. The use of natural polymers in cosmetic formulations is of particular relevance because of their biocompatible, safe, and eco-friendly character. These formulations are highly attractive and marketable to consumers, and are suitable for a plethora of applications, including make-up, skin, and hair care, and as modifiers and stabilizers. In this review, natural synthetic, semi-synthetic, and synthetic polymers are discussed considering their properties for cosmetic applications. Their uses in conventional and novel formulations are also presented.

Natural Polymers in Fast Dissolving Tablets

2021 ◽  
pp. 2859-2866
Author(s):  
Ratnaparkhi M.P. ◽  
Karnawat G.R. ◽  
Andhale R.S.
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drug

Oral route is most preferable route of administration for various drugs, because it is convenient, economical, safest route. Fast dissolving tablets are popular nowadays, as they disintegrated in mouth within a few seconds without using water for swallow. Problems like Dysphagia in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overcome by formulating Fast dissolving tablet. Natural polymers are preferable because they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and available easily than synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are obtained from the natural origin so they are devoid of any side effect. It is proved from the previous studies that Natural polymers are more-safe and effective than the synthetic polymers. Natural polymers improve the properties of tablet and they are used as binder, diluent, superdisintegrant, they also enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, decrease the disintegration time and provide nutritional supplement. The aim of the present article is to study various natural polymers used in fast dissolving tablets.

scholarly journals Biomaterials in ophthalmology: human cornea bioengineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-018
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Cornea ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Healthcare Practice

Medical engineering, as an auspicious conjunction between healthcare practice, biotechnology and materials science, has emerged over time with the aim to improve human’s health. Cornea, an essential part of the eye responsible for most of its optical power, suffers every day due to accidents or various diseases. To avoid complications and overcome limitations of conventional transplantation and other surgical procedures, biomaterials and bioprinting proved beneficial can be used to design optimal devices for corneal implantation. During medical evolution, biopolymers have been used especially in tissue engineering applications, due to their high elasticity and flexibility, adaptable optical properties and tunable microstructure. Natural polymers are well accepted by the body, their offer support for tissue regeneration and, in most cases, they are easy to obtain. Beside natural-derived biopolymers, synthetic polymers can be used in bioprinting to develop performance-enhanced platforms for corneal bioengineering. Bioprinting represents an innovative method to obtain a corneal implant and has the advantage to enable the facile control over some specific properties, such as thickness, color, elasticity or shape.

Improved mechanical, physical and biological properties of chitosan films using Aloe vera and electrospun PVA nanofibers for wound dressing applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 152808371986693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirin Rafieian ◽  
Hamid Mahdavi ◽  
Mir Esmaeil Masoumi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Chitosan Films

Natural polymers such as chitosan and Aloe vera are widely used in novel wound dressings due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. A problem associated with these polymers is their poor mechanical behavior. Efforts have been made to improve the mechanical properties by mixing synthetic polymers such as PVA, but the role of chitosan and Aloe vera in the final dressing is dimmed. The techniques are also time-consuming and costly and there is still a need for an acceptable and affordable wound dressing which can be made through easily accessible techniques. A new but very simple method is introduced in this work for incorporating PVA nanofibers with Aloe vera-containing chitosan films. Using this method the levels of Aloe vera and chitosan in the system can be optimized at higher scales while benefiting from PVA best mechanical properties as a composite layer. Higher amounts of Aloe vera and chitosan in the system lead to lower product costs and more biocompability. The biological properties of films were examined through cell cytotoxicity and antibacterial tests and compared with Atomic force microscopy results. Physical and mechanical properties of films containing PVA nanofibers were characterized by water vapor permeability, swelling ratio, and tensile tests. The morphology of fibers before and after applying on the films was also observed by scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, this combination of natural and synthetic polymers has led to an affordable, biocompatible, and flexible film for wound dressing applications.

Structural and Morphological Features of Synthetic and Natural Polymers

1991 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

AbstractThe crystal structures and crystalline morphologies of natural and synthetic polymers are briefly reviewed. Analogies and differences between these two systems are presented. Several examples of cross-fertilization of research in the two fields are presented, with emphasis, among natural polymers, on fibrous polypeptides and proteins.

scholarly journals Surface Modification With Gelatin For Polyurethane Vascular Grafts: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Iman Adipurnama ◽  
Ming Chien Yang ◽  
Tomasz Ciach ◽  
Beata Butruk Raszeja
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vascular Grafts ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Limited Supply ◽  
Promote Cell Adhesion

The means for developing synthetic vascular grafts to replace blood vessels is increasing extensively because of the limited supply of autologous vessels. Synthetic polymers as the alternatives still suffer from restenosis and thrombus formation. Natural polymers, on the other hand, are commonly biocompatible and biodegradable, compliment the synthetic ones. Blending, grafting and coating of natural polymers have been proposed to improve surface properties of synthetic polymers. Gelatin is a promising candidate to help improving synthetic vascular grafts surface owing to its ability to promote cell adhesion without promoting platelet aggregation at its surface. In this review, several techniques to incorporate gelatin onto synthetic polymers, mainly polyurethane, for vascular grafts application are summarized, together with the recent updates and potential development in the future.

Investigations on thermo-mechanical properties of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites for packaging application

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112096064
Author(s):  
YN Sudhakar ◽  
M Selvakumar ◽  
D Krishna Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Surface ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Organo Clay ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly packing polymer materials are in the spotlight but, lack of new biodegradable polymers either natural or synthetic is yet to establish the market more competitively. So, in the present work, clay as a nano-filler is embedded and organically modified in some synthetic and natural polymers which are well established commercially to enhance their biodegradability. The impact of clay on the properties of synthetic polymers namely, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and natural polymer cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) was studied. Results from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature of organically modified polymer clay nanocomposites (PCC) than pure polymers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed a uniform surface with small-sized crystallites distributed on the polymer surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra revealed the formation of enhanced intercalated structures in PCC. Furthermore, FTIR studies showed that the interlayer bonding (Si–O bands) of pure clay is deformed in PCCs. The tensile strength of PCC increased with an increase in organo-clay loading. This unique mechanical behavior is due to the agglomeration of organo-clay particles. Finally, the biodegradation studies revealed enhanced hydrolytic degradation in PCC than pure polymers. Hence, these PCCs are environmentally friendlier than their pure synthetic polymers without significant compromise in their properties, which makes it suitable for packaging industries.

Chitosan Based Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Patel ◽  
N. P. Jivani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Hydrophilicity And Hydrophobicity ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

Nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years as one of the most promising drug delivery systems owing to their unique potentials via combining the different characteristics of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity with a nanoparticle (e.g., very small size). Several polymeric nanoparticulate systems have been prepared and characterized in recent years, based on both natural and synthetic polymers, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Among the natural polymers, chitosan has been studied extensively for preparation of nanoparticles.  Chitosan nanoparticles have been reported with different characteristics with respect to drug delivery. This review presents various types of chitosan based nanoparticles in drug delivery.

scholarly journals Gelatin-Modified Polyurethanes for Soft Tissue Scaffold

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Kucińska-Lipka ◽  
Iga Gubańska ◽  
Helena Janik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Tissue Scaffold ◽  
Pu Foams

Recently, in the field of biomaterials for soft tissue scaffolds, the interest of their modification with natural polymersis growing. Synthetic polymers are often tough, and many of them do not possess fine biocompatibility. On the other hand, natural polymers are biocompatible but weak when used alone. The combination of natural and synthetic polymers gives the suitable properties for tissue engineering requirements. In our study, we modified gelatin synthetic polyurethanes prepared from polyester poly(ethylene-butylene adipate) (PEBA), aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and two different chain extenders 1,4-butanediol (BDO) or 1-ethoxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol (EHEE). From a chemical point of view, we replaced expensive components for building PU, such as 2,6-diisocyanato methyl caproate (LDI) and 1,4-diisocyanatobutane (BDI), with cost-effective HDI. The gelatin was added in situ (in the first step of synthesis) to polyurethane to increase biocompatibility and biodegradability of the obtained material. It appeared that the obtained gelatin-modified PU foams, in which chain extender was BDO, had enhanced interactions with media and their hydrolytic degradation profile was also improved for tissue engineering application. Furthermore, the gelatin introduction had positive impact on gelatin-modified PU foams by increasing their hemocompatibility.

Controlled surface functionality of magnetic nanoparticles by layer-by-layer assembled nano-films

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 6703-6711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daheui Choi ◽  
Boram Son ◽  
Tai Hyun Park ◽  
Jinkee Hong
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Surface Functionality ◽  
Assembly Method

We report the development of various functionalized MNPs (F-MNPs) generated using the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method. To provide broad functional opportunities, we fabricated F-MNP bio-toolbox by using three different materials: synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and carbon materials.

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