scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Changes in Cement Mortar Containing Oil Palm Boiler Clinker Waste at Elevated Temperatures in Different Cooling Conditions

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus Anuar ◽  
Payam Shafigh ◽  
Azman Ma’amor ◽  
Sumra Yousuf ◽  
Farid Wajdi Akashah
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electric Furnace ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Cement Based Materials

Changes in cement-based materials containing waste after exposure to elevated temperatures are an important aspect that should be studied in developing sustainable construction materials. Modified cement-based materials obtained using the industrial waste present robust engineering properties can lead to sustainable development. This work evaluated the capacity of oil palm boiler clinker (OPBC) waste that had been produced during the palm oil extraction process as partial and full substitutions for natural sand to produce cement mortar. The mortar materials were cured under three different curing conditions and were then tested at a room temperature of approximately 27 °C and elevated temperatures of 200 °C to 1000 °C using an electric furnace. The specimens were maintained in the electric furnace under maximum temperatures for 2 h and were then cooled down with water or under ambient temperature. The changes in the forms of colour, weight, compressive strength, microstructure, mineralogical composition, and thermal conductivity were investigated. Test results showed that the compressive strength of OPBC mortars was generally higher than the strength of the control mortar after heat exposure. Water cooling exerted less damage to samples compared to air cooling. The results from field emission scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated that the mineral composition varied at different temperatures. In conclusion, this work provides an extensive report and can be used as a guide in utilising OPBC as cementitious materials for future cement-based applications.

scholarly journals Performance of Foundry Sand Concrete under Ambient and Elevated Temperatures

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Muhammad Yaqub ◽  
Sardar Kashif Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Abid ◽  
Rayed Alyousef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Foundry Sand

Waste foundry sand (WFS) is the by-product of the foundry industry. Utilizing it in the construction industry will protect the environment and its natural resources, and enable sustainable construction. WFS was employed in this research as a fractional substitution of natural sand by 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% in concrete. Several tests, including workability, compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV), Schmidt rebound hammer number (RHN), and residual compressive strengths (RCS) tests were performed to understand the behavior of concrete before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. Test findings showed that the strength characteristics were increased by including WFS at all the phases. For a substitute rate of 30%, the maximum compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength were observed. Replacement with WFS enhanced the 28-day compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength by 7.82%, 9.87%, and 10.35%, respectively at a 30% replacement level, and showed continuous improvement until the age of 91 days. The RCS of foundry sand concrete after one month of air cooling at ambient temperature after exposing to 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, and 800 °C was found to be in the range of 67.50% to 71.00%, 57.50% to 61.50%, 49.00% to 51.50%, 38% to 41%, 31% to 35% and 26% to 31.5% of unheated compressive strength values for 0% to 40% replacement of WFS, respectively. The RCS decreases with increasing temperature; however, with increasing WFS, the RCS was enhanced in comparison to the control samples. In addition, the replacement of 30% yielded excellent outcomes. Hence, this study provides a sustainable construction material that will preserve the Earth’s natural resources and provide a best use of WFS.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated Temperature on Engineering Properties of Ternary Blended No-cement Mortar

2018 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Harry Hermawan ◽  
Ta-Peng Chang ◽  
Herry Suryadi Djayaprabha ◽  
Hoang-Anh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Cfbc Fly Ash

This paper aims to examine the engineering properties of ternary blended no-cement mortar which subjected to the various elevated temperatures exposure. The mortars were produced by mixing ground granulated blast furnace slag (S), Type-F fly ash (F) and circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash (C). The water-to-binder ratio was fixed at 0.40 and the CFBC fly ash content was fixed at 15 wt.% of the mixture that acts as the main activator. The specimens were exposed to the elevated temperatures ranging from 200°C to 800°C. The mass loss, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were determined before and after exposure to the elevated temperatures. The obtained results showed after exposed to high temperature, the mortar weight reduction was discovered in the range of 6.0–8.7% when temperature rose from 200°C to 600°C, and decreased significantly up to 12.4% as temperature reached 800°C. The major strength loss occurred after 600°C with the residual compressive strength approximately at 44.2%. At 200°C, increased strength was found on SFC mixture and when temperature rose to 400°C, the specimens still can resist the load reliably with the strength loss less than 8.0%. Consequently, SFC mortar generates good durability and heat resistance below 400°C.

An Investigation on Effect of Oil Palm Shell Ash on Flexural Strength and Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar

2014 ◽  
Vol 894 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Abdoullah Namdar ◽  
Fadzil Mat Yahaya ◽  
Kok Jun Jie ◽  
Lim Yen Ping
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

One of waste agriculture materials is oil palm shell ash. It has been producing in high quantity in palm oil mill, and for storage of that an investment requires. In this paper, an attempt has been made to analysis effect of oil palm shell ash on compressive and flexural strength of cement mortar. The compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar has been measured. To improve accuracy of work 50% cement and 50% fine sand has been proposed in cement mortar mix design. The results have been indicated that the effect of OPS ash on flexural and compressive strength of cement mortar is not same. The deflection, load sustainability and time to failure for compressive strength have independent fluctuation of flexural strength. The positive and negative effect of OPS ash on mechanical properties of cement mortar has been observed. The morphology of crack failure has not been investigated. The work can be continued with many waste agriculture materials. Keywords: waste agriculture, deflection, load sustainability, time to failure.

Magnesium Phosphate Cement with Large Volume of Fly Ash

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 802-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Ding ◽  
Bi Qin Dong ◽  
Feng Xing
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
X Ray

The accumulation of fly ash leads to severe problems in ecological environments. Various ways to excite the activity of fly ash in Portland cement based cementitious materials have been carried out for many years. In the present study, effect of large volume of fly ash in phosphate cement was studied. Dead burned magnesia, two phosphates (monoammonium phosphate and monosodium phosphate), and fly ash were used. The fabricated cement mortar specimens with different fly ash dosages were cured for 28 days in the lab air. Compressive strength was determined in 1d, 3d, 7d and 28d respectively. It is showed the compressive strength reduced with increase of fly ash content and increased with the curing time. After cured 28 days, the compressive strength of cement mortar developed to14MPa, when 80% fly ash was used. The reaction product, Na2HPO4•17H2O was found by X-ray diffraction analysis in sodium phosphate based cement. No ammonia gas was emitted and large volume of fly ash can be used in cement prepared from sodium phosphate. It is a new environmentally friendly cement material.

scholarly journals Composition and selected properties of low pH mortars and concretes for radioactive waste repositories

2020 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
An Cheng ◽  
Wei-Ting Lin ◽  
Sao-Jeng Chao ◽  
Hui-Mi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
Waste Repositories

Conventional cementitious materials as tunnel supporting materials are utilised in the construction of the final repository for spent nuclear fuel. However, the use of cementitious material releases alkaline ions from pH12 to pH13 plumed into groundwater. Such a high pH is detrimental to the performance of the bentonite functioning, which may possibly enhance the dissolution and alteration of the fracture buffer and filling materials. Instead, low-pH cementitious materials are being developed for use in geological repositories. This study is aimed at evaluating the usability of low-pH cementitious materials containing 40% silica fume or composites blended with 20% silica fume and 40% fly ash. Engineering properties were analysed and verified through experimental research using the flow, compressive strength, pH measurement and hydraulic conductivity. Test results show that the replacement level with 40% of silica fume or 20% of silica fume and 40% of fly ash was suitable for the mixture of low-pH cementitious. Compared to the compressive strength and water permeability of ordinary cementitious, those of low-pH cementitious enhanced better engineered performances at the age of 91 days. The information is contributed us to establish the long-term durability and environmental requirements of disposal repositories in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Coupled Effect of Elevated Temperature and Cooling Conditions on the Properties of Ground Clay Brick Mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdy Ali Abd El Aziz ◽  
Salh Abdelaleem ◽  
Mohamed Heikal
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Chemical Resistivity

Abstract When a concrete structure is exposed to fire and cooling, some deterioration in its chemical resistivity and mechanical properties takes place. This deterioration can reach a level at which the structure may have to be thoroughly renovated or completely replaced. In this investigation, four types of cement mortars, ground clay bricks (GCB)/sand namely 0/3, 1/2, 2/1 and 3/0, were used. Three different cement contents were used: 350, 400 and 450 kg/m3. All the mortars were prepared and cured in tap water for 3 months and then kept in laboratory atmospheric conditions up to 6 months. The specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700°C for 3h and then cooled by three different conditions: water, furnace, and air cooling. The results show that all the mortars subjected to fire, irrespective of cooling mode, suffered a significant reduction in compressive strength. However, the mortars cooled in air exhibited a relativity higher reduction in compressive strength rather than those water or furnace cooled. The mortars containing GCB/sand (3/0) and GCB/sand (1/2) exhibited a relatively higher thermal stability than the others.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated Temperature on Residual Strength of Self Compacted Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Snahashish Paul ◽  
Muhammad Harunur Rashid ◽  
Md Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Residual Capacity

Self Compacted Concrete (SCC) is a material used in the construction industry to ensure proper compaction of concrete without providing any external energy. In case of exposure of SCC to accidental fire, an assessment of its residual capacity is needed. This study covers the observation of residual compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of self compacted concrete under elevated temperatures (150, 300, 450, 600 and 800⁰C) and cooling conditions (air cooling and water quenching). The compressive strength increased at 150⁰C and decreased continuously after this temperature. However, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity decreased at elevated temperatures compared with ambient temperature. The compressive strength at ambient temperature (30⁰C) was 27.0 MPa, and it raised to 28.7 MPa at 150⁰C for air cooling and 27.8 MPa for water quenching. Journal of Engineering Science 11(2), 2020, 107-115

scholarly journals Comparison of the influence of silica-rich supplementary cementitious materials on cement mortar composites: Mechanical and microstructural assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozer Sevim ◽  
Cagrı Goktug Sengul
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Mechanical And Microstructural Properties

Abstract The silica-rich supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are the key components of mechanical and microstructural properties. The use of SCMs results in improving the mechanical and microstructural properties and decreasing the environmental burden caused by cement production. In this regard, this paper reports a study to compare the influence of silica-rich supplementary cementitious materials (slag, fly ash, and bottom ash) having similar Blaine fineness on cement mortar composites in terms of mechanical and microstructural properties. First, supplementary cementitious materials (slag, fly ash, and bottom ash) were ground at similar cement Blaine fineness (~ 3300 cm2/g) and then by replacing 5% and 20% with cement, the 7-, 28-, 90-day mechanical and microstructural properties of cement mortar composites incorporating SCMs were examined. As a result, it was observed that the compressive strength and microstructural properties of cement mortar composites incorporating slag gave maximum strength and microstructural properties according to samples with fly ash and bottom ash having similar fineness and this will decrease the required amount of cement for the target properties by using slag, thus the number of CO2 emitted to nature will also decrease.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Compressive Strength and Chemically Bound Water Content of High-Volume Fly Ash-Cement Mortar

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6273
Author(s):  
Chunping Gu ◽  
Jikai Yao ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Linhao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bound Water Content

Fly ash (FA) has been widely used in cement-based materials, but limited work has been conducted to establish the relationship between the compressive strength and hydration process of high-volume FA (HVFA)-cement-based material. In this study, the compressive strength and chemically bound water contents of FA-cement-based materials with different water-to-binder ratios (0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) and FA contents (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%) were tested. Replacing more cement with FA reduced the compressive strength and of HVFA-cement-based materials. The compressive strength and chemically bound water content reduced by about 60–70% when 70% cement was replaced by FA. Water-to-binder ratio showed more significant influence on the chemically bonded water at later ages than that at early ages. Based on test results, the prediction equation of chemically bound water content was established, and its accuracy was verified. The error was less than 10%. The relationship between the compressive strength and chemically bound water content was also fitted. The compressive strength and chemically bound water content showed linear relationships for different water-to-binder ratios, hence the compressive strength of HVFA-cement mortar could be predicted with the chemically bound water content and water-to-binder ratios. The results of this study could be used for the prediction of the compressive strength development of HVFA-cement mortars, and is helpful to develop the mix design method of HVFA-cement-based materials.

scholarly journals Behavior of High Strength Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2997-3000
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

The High strength concrete defined as per IS 456 as the concrete having characteristic compressive strength more than 65 MPa. The concrete when subject to fire i.e. elevated temperatures loses its properties at a rapid rate. In the present investigation, ordinary vibrated concrete of M90 grade was developed as per the IS 10262. The hardened properties of concrete like compressive strength and split tensile strength were determined for concrete at ordinary temperature. The concrete specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures of 400oC, 600 oC, and 800 oC and then the specimens were brought to room temperature under different cooling regimes like air cooling and water quenching. The compressive residual strength of concrete was determined and a typical compared was made with the control specimen. The decrease in compressive strength of concrete at 800 oC was high compared to that at 400 oC.

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