scholarly journals Vitamin D and Its Role in Oral Diseases Development. Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Diachkova ◽  
Daria Trifonova ◽  
Elena Morozova ◽  
Gyuzel Runova ◽  
Igor Ashurko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Severe Periodontitis

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that plays a significant role in the whole body, including the maxillofacial region. The discovery of its receptors in many cells and organs made it possible to reveal the participation of vitamin D not only in the regulation of calcium phosphate metabolism, but also in immune processes, in providing anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, slowing down cell proliferation and stimulating differentiation. In this literature review, we demonstrate the association between low vitamin D levels and the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the course and response to treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, the severity of periodontal diseases, and the processes of osseointegration and bone remodeling during dental implantation and guided tissue regeneration. The aim of our article was to demonstate a possible connection between vitamin D level and the oral diseases that can be presented at an oral surgery appointment, which will help clinicians to reduce the risk of early dental implant failure, ensure favorable outcomes of augmentative operations, as well as decrease the destructive effects of severe periodontitis and other conditions throug knowledge and timely lab tests and endocrinologist prescriptions.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin D as a Biomarker in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Giulia Bivona ◽  
Bruna Lo Sasso ◽  
Caterina Maria Gambino ◽  
Rosaria Vincenza Giglio ◽  
Concetta Scazzone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Key Questions

Vitamin D and cognition is a popular association, which led to a remarkable body of literature data in the past 50 years. The brain can synthesize, catabolize, and receive Vitamin D, which has been proved to regulate many cellular processes in neurons and microglia. Vitamin D helps synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission in dopaminergic neural circuits and exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities within the brain by reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the oxidative stress load. Further, Vitamin D action in the brain has been related to the clearance of amyloid plaques, which represent a feature of Alzheimer Disease (AD), by the immune cell. Based on these considerations, many studies have investigated the role of circulating Vitamin D levels in patients affected by a cognitive decline to assess Vitamin D’s eventual role as a biomarker or a risk factor in AD. An association between low Vitamin D levels and the onset and progression of AD has been reported, and some interventional studies to evaluate the role of Vitamin D in preventing AD onset have been performed. However, many pitfalls affected the studies available, including substantial discrepancies in the methods used and the lack of standardized data. Despite many studies, it remains unclear whether Vitamin D can have a role in cognitive decline and AD. This narrative review aims to answer two key questions: whether Vitamin D can be used as a reliable tool for diagnosing, predicting prognosis and response to treatment in AD patients, and whether it is a modifiable risk factor for preventing AD onset.

Late Onset Hypocalcemic Seizures in Formula-Fed, Vitamin D Deficient Babies: Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Umar Amin Qureshi ◽  
Abdus Sami Bhat ◽  
Muzaffar Jan ◽  
Uruj Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Calcium ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Purpose: Late onset neonatal hypocalcemia (LNH) is defined as hypocalcemia detected after day 3 of life. Its occurrence in babies fed with cow’s milk is well understood. Since the advent of modern-day formulas, the incidence has however decreased. Methods: A prospective descriptive study (January 2017 to December 2017) of LNH seizures in neonates was conducted. LNH was defined as the total serum calcium of less than 7 mg/dL in preterm or less than 8 mg/dL in term newborns after 72 h of life. Results: 14 neonates were presented with myoclonic and focal seizures due to late hypocalcemia. All were formula fed. Their mean serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, 25-OH vitamin D, intact PTH levels were 4.93 mg/dL, 9.19 mg/dL, 244 U/L, 1.2 mg/dL, 30 nmol/L, 38.6 pg/mL, respectively. Mean maternal vitamin D levels were 43 nmol/L. Mean hospital stay was 4 days. Clinical response to treatment was brisk in those who were able to shift to total breast feeding early. Conclusions: LNH in formula-fed and vitamin D deficient babies is not uncommon. Emphasis should be laid on exclusive breast feeding even in vitamin D deplete mothers. However, mothers at risk should be supplemented with vitamin D during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D in adults with obesity sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nikolova ◽  
Alexander Penkov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractIntroduction:Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. To assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), fat-mass indexes (FMI), fat-free mass indexes (FFMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index.Materials and Methods:62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5 %) and 35 women (56.5 %). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH)D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package.Results:The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7 % of the variation in the serum 25(OH)D levels.Discussion:Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Merging into Immune System-Skeletal Muscle Network: Effects on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5592
Author(s):  
Clara Crescioli
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

The concept that extra-skeletal functions of vitamin D impact on human health have taken place since quite ago. Among all, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on immune regulation, skeletal muscle function, and metabolism are undeniable. Adequate vitamin D levels maintain the immune system and skeletal muscle metabolism integrity, promoting whole-body homeostasis; hypovitaminosis D associates with the important decline of both tissues and promotes chronic inflammation, which is recognized to underlie several disease developments. Growing evidence shows that the immune system and skeletal muscle reciprocally dialogue, modulating each other’s function. Within this crosstalk, vitamin D seems able to integrate and converge some biomolecular signaling towards anti-inflammatory protective effects. Thus, vitamin D regulation appears even more critical at the immune system-muscle signaling intersection, rather than at the single tissue level, opening to wider/newer opportunities in clinical applications to improve health. This paper aims to focus on the immune system-skeletal muscle interplay as a multifaceted target for vitamin D in health and disease after recalling the main regulatory functions of vitamin D on those systems, separately. Some myokines, particularly relevant within the immune system/skeletal muscle/vitamin D networking, are discussed. Since vitamin D supplementation potentially offers the opportunity to maintain health, comments on this issue, still under debate, are included.

scholarly journals Simvastatin Does Not Affect Vitamin D Status, but Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with Dyslipidemia: Results from a Randomised, Controlled Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Rejnmark ◽  
Peter Vestergaard ◽  
Lene Heickendorff ◽  
Leif Mosekilde
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objectives. Statin drugs act as inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme early in the mevalonate pathway, thereby reducing the endogenous cholesterol synthesis. In recent studies, it has been suggested from epidemiological data that statins also may improve vitamin D status, as measured by increased plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. We now report the results from a randomised controlled trial on effects of simvastatin on plasma 25OHD levels.Design and Methods. We randomised 82 healthy postmenopausal women to one year of treatment with either simvastatin 40 mg/d or placebo and performed measurement at baseline and after 26 and 52 weeks of treatment. The study was completed by 77 subjects.Results. Compared with placebo, plasma levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins decreased in response to treatment with simvastatin, but our study showed no effect of simvastatin on vitamin D status. However, plasma levels of triglycerides were inversely associated with tertiles of plasma 25OHD levels and changes in plasma triglycerides levels correlated inversely with seasonal changes in vitamin D status.Conclusion. Our data do not support a pharmacological effect of statins on vitamin D status, but do suggest that vitamin D may influence plasma lipid profile and thus be of importance to cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Variable Selection Method in Prediction Models: Application in Periodontology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tramini ◽  
Jean-Christophe Chazel ◽  
Isabelle Calas-Bennasar ◽  
Philippe Gibert ◽  
Nicolas Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Severe Periodontitis

The aim of this study, applied in the field of periodontal diseases, was first to analyze the fatty acid levels in two groups of patients and then to propose a method for selecting the most relevant predictors. Two groups of patients, 29 with moderate or severe periodontitis and 27 who served as controls, were clinically examined, and their fatty acids in serum were measured by gas chromatography. The levels of these 12 fatty acids were the variables of the analysis. Logistic regression, together with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, allowed determining a composite score which led to a subset of the most relevant covariables. The fatty acid levels differed significantly between the 2 groups in multivariate analysis (P=0.03) and the best logistic model was obtained with only 3 predictive variables: arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and DHA. Fatty acid levels in serum of patients were significantly different according to the presence of moderate or severe periodontitis. By taking into account the comparison of ROC curves, our approach could optimize the choice of variables in multivariate analyses and could better fit it with diagnosis and prognosis of oral diseases in dental research.

scholarly journals MON-387 Association Between Vitamin D Level and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungchul Song ◽  
Han saem CHOI ◽  
Junghwan Suh ◽  
Ah Reum Kwon ◽  
Hyun-wook Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Introduction Fractures are common in pediatric population, and lower bone density increases the risk of fracture. Most bone acquisition happens during youth, so juvenile bone mineral density (BMD) assessment is important. There are many factors associated with low BMD, including vitamin D status, calcium intake, low body weight, and physical activity. Among these, our investigation focused on the association of BMD with vitamin D in adolescents. Methods This study investigated data of 1,063 adolescents aged 12-18 years from the fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2009-2011). The association of various factors (vitamin D level, calcium intake, body mass index (BMI), lean mass, fat mass, and physical activity) with BMD Z-scores in whole body, lumbar spine, total femur, and femur neck were analyzed. We defined vitamin D deficiency (≤ 12 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (12-20 ng/mL), and sufficiency (> 20ng/mL) according to the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level. We analyzed association between BMD and vitamin D levels after adjusting for other factors. Results The mean 25-OHD level of subjects was low (16.28 ng/ml). Of all subjects, 21.9% were vitamin D deficient, and 58.5% were vitamin D insufficient. Among the vitamin D groups, the vitamin D sufficient group had significantly higher BMD Z-scores than the vitamin D deficient group in whole body, lumbar spine, and femur neck. The sufficient vitamin D group had higher BMD Z-score than the vitamin D insufficient group in femur neck, and the vitamin D insufficient group had higher BMD Z-score than the vitamin D deficient group in whole body. Among various factors, vitamin D status, calcium intake, BMI, lean mass, fat mass, and physical activity were positively associated with BMD Z-scores. In particular, lean mass was the strongest independent factor. Vitamin D levels were positively associated with the BMD Z-scores even after adjusting for other factors. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were common among adolescents. This study suggested that vitamin D level was positively associated with BMD, and that sufficient vitamin D level was needed to prevent low BMD. Vitamin D status is an important factor of BMD in adolescents.

Association between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and clinical periodontal markers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Topaloğlu ◽  
Ceren Gökmenoğlu ◽  
Sema Nur Ayyildiz ◽  
Selma Cirrik ◽  
Cankat Kara
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact

Aim: Vitamin D (vit-D) has become important for periodontal disease owing to its role in autoimmunity, bone mineral metabolism, and inflammation. Our aim was to determine the relationship between serum vit-D levels, clinical periodontal parameters, and blood serum biomarkers. Materials and methods: The participants were evaluated in 2 groups as chronic periodontitis (n=30) and periodontally healthy patients (n=30). Periodontal parameters and fasting venous blood samples were taken from the patients to assess each patient’s periodontal status and for biochemical analyses (vit-D, OPG, RANKL, CTx, TNF-α). Results: TNF-α, OPG, CTx, vit-D levels in chronic periodontitis group were found to be statistically higher than control group. There were positive correlation between TNF-α and CTx, OPG and vit-D, as well as CTx and vit-D levels. Vit-D, OPG mean values of chronic periodontitis group with adequate vit-D levels (>75nmol/l) were found to be statistically significantly higher than inadequate individuals (<75nmol/l) and TNF-α, CTxve RANKL levels were found lower (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to our findings, the poor oral hygiene level in chronic periodontitis patients was the main factor strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. Vitamin D levels significantly increased the serum levels of OPG that caused a reduction in levels of RANKL. So, 25-OH vit D was effective in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. However, further studies are needed for better understanding of the impact of vit-D deficiency on periodontal diseases

scholarly journals Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Cigarette Smoking Impact on Oral Health: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3192
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Suchanecka ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec ◽  
Jolanta Chmielowiec ◽  
Grzegorz Trybek ◽  
Jolanta Masiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor Gene ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Periodontal diseases are multiperspective problems resulting from numerous and diverse exposures that influence the process of initiation or progression of disease. The negative influence of tobacco smoking on oral health is well documented. The aim of the study was to analyze three SNPs in vitamin D receptor gene—rs7975232 (ApaI), rs2228570 (FokI) and rs1544410 (BsmI)—combined with oral health assessment—pH, gingival index, dry mouth, periodontitis, dry socket, redness of oral cavity mucosa, leukoplakia—in a group of cigarette smokers and in non-smokers. Moreover, the possibility of interactions between these polymorphisms and smoking was examined. When comparing the smokers and non-smokers groups, we noticed that rs1544410 heterozygotes were significantly more frequent in the first group, and for the second, both homozygotes were more frequent. Additionally, we observed the impact of interaction between the rs7975232 genotype and smoking status on gingival index. Current smoking was also associated with all analyzed oral health measures except for leucoplakia. Correlation between pH and age in both smokers and non-smokers was also present. Results of our analysis indicate that in our study group lifestyle and aging were leading factors associated with worse oral health status. However, the impact of genetic variants, and also the impact of their interaction with smoking on analyzed parameters was also visible. These results show great possibilities for all levels of prevention of oral diseases by means of education based on evidence-based medicine, but also for incorporating genetic testing and early interventions into this process for predisposed individuals.

scholarly journals Genetically determined vitamin D levels and change in bone density during a weight-loss diet intervention: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Catherine M Champagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Fat Intake ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Dietary Strategies

ABSTRACT Background Obesity is closely associated with bone health. Although diet and weight loss produce many metabolic benefits, studies of weight loss diets on bone health are conflicting. Genetic variations, such as vitamin D levels, may partly account for these conflicting observations by regulating bone metabolism. Objective We investigated whether the genetic variation associated with vitamin D concentration affected changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in response to a weight-loss diet intervention. Design In the 2-y Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, BMD was measured for 424 participants who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets varying in macronutrient intakes. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on 3 genetic variants [i.e., 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) rs12785878, cytochrome P450 2R1 (CYP2R1) rs10741657 and group-specific component globulin (GC) rs2282679] related to circulating vitamin D levels. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan was performed to assess changes in whole-body BMD over 2 y. The final analysis included 370 participants at baseline. Results We found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and vitamin D GRS on 2-y changes in whole-body BMD (P-interaction = 0.02). In the high-fat diet group, participants with higher GRS showed significantly less reduction in whole-body BMD than those with lower GRS, whereas the genetic associations were not significant in the low-fat diet group. We also found a significant interaction between dietary fat intake and the GRS on 6-mo change in femur neck BMD (P-interaction = 0.02); however, the interaction became nonsignificant at 2 y. Conclusion Our data indicate that dietary fat intake may modify the effect of vitamin D–related genetic variation on changes in BMD. Overweight or obese patients predisposed to sufficient vitamin D may benefit more in maintaining BMD along with weight loss by eating a low-fat diet. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03258203.

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