scholarly journals Drones, Gulls and Urbanity: Interaction between New Technologies and Human Subsidized Species in Coastal Areas

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Martín G. Frixione ◽  
Christian Salvadeo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Breeding Stage ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Free Interaction ◽  
Near Future

The use of drones has expanded the boundaries of several activities, which is expected to be utilized intensively in the near future. Interactions between urbanity and naturalness have been increasing while urban expansion amplifies the proximity between urban and natural areas. In this scenario, the interactions between drones and fauna could be augmented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to depict and evaluate the responses of the opportunistic and territorial seagull Larus livens to a small-sized drone during the non-breeding stage in urban areas and natural surroundings. The results evidenced that gulls do not react to drone sounds, coloration, or distance between them and the drone take-off spot. Clearly, the take-off vertical movement triggers an agonistic behavior that is more frequent in groups conformed by two adults, evidencing some kind of territorial response against the device, expressed as characteristic mobbing behavior. Thus, adult settled gulls in touristic and non-urbanized areas displayed agonistic behavior more frequently against the drone. Despite the coastal urban area being a free interaction environment, it evidences a low risk between drone management and territorial seabirds.

Monitoring of Rapid Urban Sprawl in Beijing with Time Series Remote Sensing Data and Analysis of Driving Forces

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4591-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ling Zhao ◽  
Dong Yan Zhang ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Lin Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
South Central ◽  
Urban Construction

Beijing has experienced a rapid urban sprawl over the past three decades, along with accelerated socio-economic development. This study investigated the change patterns and figured out the driving forces of urban expansion in the study area. To obtain urban class, decision tree classification techniques were used to identify the land cover types using four scenes of Landsat images from four periods of 1978-era, 1992-era, 2000-era and 2010-era. Then, the urban areas were identified by excluding water, agriculture, forest, grassland and bare land. The analysis results showed that: 1) urban construction land had been expanded very quickly and the urban area is mainly in the south-central part of the municipality; 2) the urban area increased by 96284.97 ha and the ratio was 5.88%; and 3) population growth, economic development, urban construction and industrial structure adjustment could explain the expansion. These analysis results can provide significant information on the monitoring and management of sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Smart Cities - New Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 914-917
Author(s):  
Petar Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Administrative Governance ◽  
Definition Of

According to forecasts provided by the UN by 2050, approximately 70% of the world's population will live in cities. In digital terms, urban areas will have 6.5 billion inhabitants, compared to 3.5 billion people in 2010. In recent years, the terminology that attempts to describe the “Smart City” has become more and more pronounced. Intelligent technologies, the development of the Internet system - as a global network for all kinds of communications and a range of other innovations - provide opportunities for the development of a smart urban environment in this direction. Improving the quality of life of a much larger number of inhabitants in urbanized areas will be a priority by applying to a great extent the new technologies. Concentration and movement of the population's needs in all forms will be the subject of intelligent technologies that support life in cities. Till now there is no precise definition of "Smart City". Improving the way of life in urbanized areas at this stage, as a key element emerging the introduction of new technologies. Challenges will be based on several areas - ecology, social and economic activities, administrative governance, infrastructure development and social mobility.

scholarly journals Análise da taxa de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração nas sub-bacias da área urbana de Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
G. B. M. Rezende ◽  
S. M. S. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Time Of Concentration ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Solutions

<p>A presente pesquisa objetivou verificar as taxas de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração das sub-bacias presentes na área urbana de Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO. Tais variáveis podem auxiliar no ordenamento territorial da expansão urbana, bem como no planejamento urbano dessas cidades. Os resultados demonstraram que nas áreas já urbanizadas, o grau de impermeabilização e tempo de concentração das sub-bacias apresentaram  níveis considerados “médios e altos”, o que é preocupante, devido a relação dessas variáreis ao crescimento das vazões e volume escoado, e, consequentemente, aumento da frequência de inundações. Medidas não-estruturais, como legislação de uso do solo, com regras e incentivo para aumento de áreas permeáveis em lotes, bem como implantação de soluções alternativas de drenagem urbana que promovam o retardamento das águas pluviais, são soluções que podem ser implementadas na área em estudo.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Analysis of the waterproofing rate and time of concentration in urban sub-basins of Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>This study aimed to verify the waterproofing rates and time of concentration of these sub-basins present in the urban area of Barra do Garças – MT, Pontal do Araguaia – MT e Aragarças – GO. Such variables can assist in land use of urban expansion and the urban planning of these cities. The results demonstrated that in urban areas already, the degree of waterproofing and time of concentration of the sub-basins presented levels considered "medium and high", which is worrying, because the relationship of these variables to the growth of flows and runoff, and, consequently, increased frequency of floods. Non-structural measures such as land use legislation, with rules and incentive to increase permeable areas on lots, and implementation of alternative solutions to urban drainage that promote the slowing of rainwater, are solutions that can be implemented in the study area.</p>

scholarly journals URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. RAMACHANDRA ◽  
H. A. BHARATH ◽  
M. V. SOWMYASHREE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Footprint

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

scholarly journals Land Use Change Detection and Urban Sprawl Monitoring in Metropolitan Area of Jakarta (Jabodetabek) from 2001 to 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Fata Robbany ◽  
Arash Gharghi ◽  
Karl-Peter Traub
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Central City ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand

Being 13th largest city in the world makes Jakarta as a fascinating city in South East Asia. Its surrounding regions are included in a particular metropolitan area called “Jabodetabek”. Population growth in this metropolitan area about 10 million only in 15 years from 2000 to 2015. Consequently, loss of vegetation and agricultural land, less water resources, increasing demand for housing and transportation infrastructure as the effect of this ever-growing population take place. This phenomenon can be detected using Landsat satellites images. The settlement or urban area in Jabodetabek shows a huge increase in percentage from 2001 to 2015, so much that the urban area is the dominant land cover and reaches up to 61 percent of Jabodetabek in year 2015. Moreover settlement density in Jabodetabek (ring zones 25 to 45 km from central city) shows an increase of more than 20% urban areas in year 2015. Furthermore, the result of compactness reveals that this urban expansion in Jabodetabek was spread out from 2001 to 2008 and became more compacted by 2015.

Bee Life in the City: an Analysis of the Pollen Provisions of Centris (Centris) flavifrons (Centridini) in an Urban Area

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Costa Dorea ◽  
Francisco De Assis Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar ◽  
Celso Feitosa Martins
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Near Future

Due to deforestation and fragmentation of ecosystems, the management of bee populations targeting pollination services is increasingly urgent. Because urban environments are stressful, the dietary knowledge in such areas can help to cope with this issue in the near future. Using palynological analysis the floral resources used by Centris flavifrons, an important pollinator of crops and native plants was studied in an urban area. Byrsonima sericea type, Solanum paniculatum type, Cestrum type, and Myrcia type 1 together accounted for more than 93% of pollen grains foraged by females. It is noteworthy that this bee population depends on few plant species both for pollen and for oil. Furthermore, females showed flexibility to replace the primary pollen source in different breeding seasons, as well as one female could provision different cells in the same nest with different predominant pollen types. It is highlighted the importance of wastelands for keeping bee populations in urban areas.

scholarly journals Spatial Monitoring of Urban Expansion Using Satellite Remote Sensing Images: A Case Study of Amman City, Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Al-Bilbisi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Landsat Satellite

Amman, the capital city of Jordan, faces urbanization challenges and lacks reliable data for urban planning. This study is aimed at assessing, monitoring, and mapping urban land cover using multitemporal Landsat satellite images. Four different land use/cover maps were produced; periods of over ten years between 1987 and 2017 (i.e., in 1987, 1997, 2007, and 2017) were used to evaluate and analyze urban expansion visually and quantitatively. Supervised classification technique followed by the post classification comparison change detection approach was used to analyze images. Over the past three decades, the urban area has increased rapidly in Amman. It increased by 90.78 km2, from 149.08 km2 in 1987 to 237.86 km2 in 2017, with an average annual rate of increase of 2.03%. Urban area increases were significantly higher in the first 10 years of the study period (i.e., from 1987 to 1997), during which the average annual rate of increase reached 3.33%, while it was 2.04% for the last two decades of the study period (i.e., from 1997 to 2017). Urban growth in Amman generally occurred along transport routes away from the core of Amman, and as a result, this growth led to the expansion of urban areas into other types of land use/cover classes, particularly vegetation areas. The spatial analysis of urban expansion and trends of urban growth in Amman could provide the required input data for the urban modeling of the city.

Water and Energy Footprints of the Cities of the Future

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Metabolism ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

The framework for sustainability of urban areas is tied to the patterns of urban metabolism in which resources (water, food, energy, materials and chemicals) are delivered to an urban area, metabolized and changed to outputs. Under the current linear concept water, energy and other inputs generate waste and pollution. Furthermore, lack of conservation and waste within the city leads to shortages and, in the near future, to exhaustion of resources. There is a need to change the current linear urban metabolism to one that would reuse and recycle and in which used water and solids would become a resource. This would be a paradigm change of building and retrofitting the cities. The footprints are quantitative measures of sustainability and metabolism. Footprints covered in this article are water, energy/greenhouse emissions, and ecology. When the footprints are defined, development of sustainability criteria should follow. The footprints may be global, regional or local and can be hierarchically interconnected.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Spatiotemporal Trajectory of Urban Area Hotspots Using the SVM Regression Method Based on NPP-VIIRS Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Yuling Ruan ◽  
Yanhong Zou ◽  
Minghui Chen ◽  
Jingya Shen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Nighttime Light

Urban area hotspots are considered to be an ideal proxy for spatial heterogeneity of human activity, which is vulnerable to urban expansion. Nighttime light (NTL) images have been extensively employed in monitoring current urbanization dynamics. However, the existing studies related to NTL images mainly concern detection of urban areas, leaving inner spatial differences in urban NTL luminosity poorly explored. In this study, we propose an innovative approach to explore the spatiotemporal trajectory of urban area hotspots using monthly Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) NTL images. Firstly, multi-temporal VIIRS NTL intensity was decomposed by time-series analysis to obtain annual stable components after data preprocessing. Secondly, the support vector machine (SVM) regression model was utilized to identify urban area hotspots. In order to ensure the model accuracy, the grid search and cross-validation method was integrated to achieve the optimized model parameters. Finally, we analyzed the spatiotemporal migration trajectory of urban area hotspots by the center of gravity method (i.e., shift distance and angle of urban area hotspot centroid). The results indicate that our method successfully captured urban area hotspots with a regression coefficient over 0.8. Meanwhile, the findings give an intuitive understanding of coupling interaction between urban area hotspots and socioeconomic indicators. This study provides important insights for further decision-making regarding sustainable urban planning.

scholarly journals URBAN FOOTPRINT OF MUMBAI - THE COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. RAMACHANDRA ◽  
H. A. BHARATH ◽  
M. V. SOWMYASHREE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Footprint

Urban footprint refers to the proportion of paved surface (built up, roads, etc.) with the reduction of other land use types in a region. Rapid increase in the urban areas is the major driver in landscape dynamics with the significant erosion in the quality and quantity of the natural ecosystems. The urban expansion process hence needs to be monitored, quantified and understood for effective planning and the sustainable management of natural resources. Cities and towns have been experiencing considerable growth in urban area, population size, social aspects, negative environmental and geographical in?uence, and complexity. Mumbai, the commercial capital of India, has experienced a spurt in infrastructural and industrial activities with globalization and opening up of Indian markets. Unplanned urbanization has resulted in dispersed growth inperi-urban pockets due to socio-economic aspects with the burgeoning population of the city. Consequent to this, there has been an uneven growth pattern apart from the increase in slums in and around the city. This has necessitated the understanding of the urbanization pattern and process focusing especially on the expanding geographical area, its geometry and the spatial pattern of its development. This communication discusses the urban footprint dynamics of Mumbai using multi-temporal remote sensing data with spatial metrics. Land use analysis indicated a decrease of vegetation by 20% with an increase in urban extent by 155% during the last three decades. Landscape metrics aided in assessing the spatial structure and composition of the urban footprints through the zonal analysis by dividing the region into four zones with concentric circles of 1 km incrementing radius from the city centre. The study reveals a significant variation in the composition of the urban patch dynamics with increasing complexity and aggregation of urban area at the centre and sprawl at the outskirts. Shannon’s entropy further confirms of sprawl with time. Further zoning with the circular gradients aided in understanding the transition process of land use categories into urban patch.

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