scholarly journals Unveiling Entrepreneurial Ecosystems’ Transformation: A GEM Based Portrait

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Mariana Pita ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Acculturation Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EEs) have attracted the attention of academics, practitioners, and policymakers, that attempt to unlock ‘a winning recipe’ considering the different EEs pillars in order to ignite entrepreneurship at large. Therefore, understanding the degree of influence of each pillar on Entrepreneurial Initiative (EI) is helpful in framing more effective policies towards entrepreneurship. This study aims to bring a new facet to entrepreneurship research, specifically on decomposing the transformation of EEs and the influence of EEs pillars on EI. The transformation of EEs is shown by a balanced panel approach based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset over 8 years (2010–2017), comprising 18 countries. The study has several implications for entrepreneurship theory and practice as well as public policy since discusses three main issues, mainly supported by empirical results. First, the results show an unbalanced influence of EEs pillars on EI. Second, results also show the ineffectiveness of institutions in encouraging the desire to act entrepreneurially. Third, entrepreneurship needs to be part of the acculturation process evidencing the importance of collective normative. Therefore, providing the instruments and structures is not enough to encourage individuals to start an entrepreneurial journey. Generally, the results reveal that contextual determinants are significant in fostering entrepreneurial propensity to start a business. But the impact of the nine pillars is not equalized, revealing a fragmented influence with funding measures, R&D transfer, and cultural and social norms discouraging entrepreneurial initiative. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of a multidimensional perspective on EEs and points future policy directions to overcome the lack of entrepreneurship and amend flawed entrepreneurship policies.

The nature of entrepreneurial orientation strength: the impact of shared values on firm performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Laurence G. Weinzimmer ◽  
Eric J. Michel ◽  
Jennifer Robin
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strong Culture

Abstract Drawing on Wales, Monsen, and McKelvie's (2011, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 895–923) model of entrepreneurial orientation pervasiveness and the strong culture hypothesis (Denison, 1984, Organization Dynamics, 13, 4–22), this study investigates how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) strength, defined as the level of agreement in the shared perceptions of EO, serves as a boundary condition of the EO–firm performance relationship. Four field studies provide evidence for a valid and reliable 10-item multidimensional measure of entrepreneurial orientation, the EO-10, which in turn, may be used to assess EO strength. We establish content and construct validity of the EO-10 (study 1; n = 447 employees), criterion-related validity with revenue growth and sales growth (study 2; n = 412 employees in 43 profit centers), and convergent validity with Covin and Slevin's (1989, Strategic Management Journal, 10, 75–87) 9-item measure (study 3; n = 291 employees). Finally, in study 4 (n = 853 employees nested in 22 organizations), we demonstrate the interactive effects of EO and EO strength on profit growth and revenue growth. In sum, this study provides conceptual and empirical evidence for the importance of EO strength as a moderator of the EO–firm performance relationship.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Early Entrepreneurship Rate and the generation of jobs

Minerva ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Santiago Jacome ◽  
Gina Polit
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

The article analyzes the Early Entrepreneurship Rate (TEA) and the generation of jobs. The results show in the first instance that undertaking in the province of Tungurahua is very complicated. The EAP of the province is 313,018 between men and women; of these, a quarter are employed in more than 42,500 companies, which is why there has been growth in new companies at the provincial level. Finally, the equation is applied where the constant is employment and established companies and these explain the TEA; therefore, the p value of the variables is less than the significance level, that is, the alternative hypothesis is verified, being that the Early Entrepreneurship Rate (TEA) does generate jobs. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, TEA, Employment, Entrepreneurship rate, employment indicators. References [1]A. Kritiko, «Emprendedores y su impacto en el empleo y el crecimiento económico,» DIW Berlin, University of Potsdam, and IZA, Germany, 2019. [2]J. Amorós and N. Bosma, «Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2013 Global Report,» GEM, 2018. [3]A. Zoltan, «How Is Entrepreneurship Good for Economic Growth?,» 2016. [4]A. Van Stel, «Análisis empírico del espíritu empresarial y el crecimiento económico,» Libro, 2016. [5]D. Ricardo, «Emprender en la nueva era,» Emprendedores LATAM, 2017. [6]J. Ugoani, «Desarrollo Del Emprendimiento Y Generación De Empleo En Nigeria: Un Estudio De La Dirección Nacional De Empleo,» Independent Journal of Management & Production, 2015. [7]E. Bassey, «Impacto del desarrollo empresarial en la creación de empleo en el estado de Cross River: un caso de la Dirección Nacional de Empleo,» International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences,2018. [8]A. Waidi, «Evaluación del desarrollo de habilidades empresariales en la estrategia de generación de empleo en instituciones terciarias en el estado de Lagos,» Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges, Febrero 2021. [9]T. Trang, «Emprendimiento, autoempleo y creación de empleo en Vietnam,» Agricultural Economics and Management-Master's Programme, 2019. [10]M. Hoppe, «The Entrepreneurship Concept: A Short Introduction,» School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, vol. VI, 2016. [11]G. Gintare and G. Lukas, «Investigación de identificación del concepto de emprendimiento: el aspecto teórico,» International Journal of Economics and Financial, Mayo 2016. [12]M. Kruger, «Entrepreneurship Theory And Creativity,» University of Pretoria etd, 2014. [13]Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, «Marco Conceptual del GEM,» Informe 2017 GEM, 2017. [14]OIT, «Empleo,» México Cómo Vamos, 2015.

Impact of Cultural Factors on Entrepreneurship

2019 ◽  
pp. 433-454
Author(s):  
Jose Ramón Gutierrez Martin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Entrepreneurship Ecosystems ◽  
Hapax Legomenon ◽  
The Impact

Since the 1990s there has been extensive literature about the main factors impacting on entrepreneurship activity, and therefore on the genesis and development of entrepreneurship ecosystems. Among these factors, cultural ones are of the most interest because they are specific to every community and may become essential to boost or break the entrepreneurship activity. A lot has been written about these cultural factors, especially at reaching conclusions from specific cases. However, any kind of cross-country analysis of these cultural factors has been much less widely published, with some rare exceptions. Indeed, this chapter aims to fill this gap, enhancing knowledge about entrepreneurship with a cross-country analysis on the impact of cultural factors, using models and data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Moreover, particular focus has been done on Japan because of its nature as an hapax legomenon country that lets us better appreciate the impact of these factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Risk Exposure on the Determinants of Sustainable Entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura H. Middermann ◽  
Jan Kratzer ◽  
Susanne Perner
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Environmental Failures ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Impact

Does the increasing awareness of environmental risk exposure also affect intentions to create enterprises which address these social and environmental failures? Besides economic explanations that social and environmental needs and market failure create opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship, it is less clear how cognitive processes and motivations related to sustainable entrepreneurship are shaped by its context. This research integrates environmental risk exposure as a contextual variable into the theory of planned behavior and uses data gathered in the course of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. We provide empirical evidence for the impact of environmental risk exposure on the determinants of sustainable entrepreneurial intention and contribute to a deeper understanding of the formation of sustainable entrepreneurial intention.

scholarly journals The Effect of University Missions on Entrepreneurial Initiative across Multiple Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Evidence from Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Mariana Pita ◽  
Joana Costa ◽  
António Carrizo Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial University ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Entrepreneurial Universities ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial universities are a significant element of entrepreneurial ecosystems and aspire to foster entrepreneurial initiative through their “third mission”. However, while entrepreneurial ecosystems are scrutinized using a contextual approach to detect differences and similarities and how they affect entrepreneurship, little is known about how entrepreneurial universities impact entrepreneurial initiatives in general, considering multiple environments. Drawing on entrepreneurial university and entrepreneurial ecosystem theories, a conceptual framework is proposed that aims to explain the effect of the entrepreneurial university on an entrepreneurial initiative through its three “missions”, using an entrepreneurial ecosystem taxonomy. Based on individual data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, this entrepreneurial initiative analyzed 18 European countries in 2017. The results do not generally support the importance of entrepreneurial universities to entrepreneurial initiative. The relevance of entrepreneurial universities increases in more fragile entrepreneurial ecosystems since individuals need support over multiple dimensions. Conversely, the entrepreneurial universities that are embedded in stronger entrepreneurial ecosystems lose relevance and negatively affect the entrepreneurial initiative. Therefore, the value of entrepreneurial universities is reduced when individuals receive greater support from other dimensions. The variations across both groups suggest that the concept of entrepreneurial universities is not a contemporaneous phenomenon; however, their effect is progressively revealed by the maturity of each university’s mission. This perspective substantially changes the understanding of entrepreneurial universities as a thwartwise strategy, suggesting that the universities’ impact is expanded as their missions gradually evolve. Overall, the study contributes to an understanding of the implications for universities that blindly follow entrepreneurship, neglecting the exogenous environment, namely, the entrepreneurial ecosystem and individual drive.

scholarly journals Does Love Money Affect Vocational Behavior? Empirical Evidence from Italian Entrepreneurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Matricano ◽  
Mario Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Financial Resources ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor ◽  
Vocational Behavior ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Global Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper aims to investigate the relevance that love money – i.e. financial resources provided by family, friends, and fools – can have on vocational behavior, standing for personal goals that are occupational in nature. In particular, the relationship between the above-cited financial resources and “core goals” (i.e. the survival of entrepreneurial firms) is tested by leveraging on second-hand data about Italian entrepreneurs retrieved from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM website and referring to the years 2012-2014 and by applying estimated Logit models. Achieved results show that financial resources provided by fools do not affect the survival of entrepreneurial firms. On the contrary, financial resources provided by family and friends do it. Noticeably, the impact of financial resources provided by family or by friends varies in terms of intensity and according to entrepreneurial profiles, in particular to gender and age. After highlighting the main limitations of this paper, some hints for further research are proposed in the last part of the paper.

The Past, Present, and Future of Entrepreneurship Research: Data Analytic Trends and Training

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Dean ◽  
Christopher L. Shook ◽  
G. Tyge Payne
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Doctoral Training ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Data Analytic

Competent data analysis is essential to entrepreneurship research and to the discipline's progression. A three–study design was used to evaluate quantitative analytic trends and the adequacy of entrepreneurship doctoral training. First, trends were identified by assessing hypothesis–testing techniques in Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice and the Journal of Business Venturing. Second, top entrepreneurship scholars were surveyed regarding the importance of various quantitative analytical techniques to future research and their expectations regarding doctoral training. Third, newly minted entrepreneurship PhDs were queried regarding their perceived competence with these same techniques. These studies provide a past, present, and future perspective on data analysis techniques and competencies in entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals A New Methodological Frontier in Entrepreneurship Research: Big Data Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schwab ◽  
Zhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory

The emergence of “big data” and related analytic techniques are creating opportunities to advance empirical entrepreneurship theory and practice. This editorial focuses on the implications for the design and execution of empirical studies. It offers guidance on how to navigate related methodological challenges and outlines what editors, professional associations, research-method teachers, and administrators can do to enable high-quality big data research.

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