MBMQA: A Multicriteria-Aware Routing Approach for the IoT 5G Network Based on D2D Communication

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2937
Author(s):  
Valmik Tilwari ◽  
MHD Nour Hindia ◽  
Kaharudin Dimyati ◽  
Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody ◽  
Sourabh Solanki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Link Failures ◽  
Routing Scheme ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
The Stability

With the rapid development of future wireless networks, device-to-device (D2D) technology is widely used as the communication system in the Internet of Things (IoT) fifth generation (5G) network. The IoT 5G network based on D2D communication technology provides pervasive intelligent applications. However, to realize this reliable technology, several issues need to be critically addressed. Firstly, the device’s energy is constrained during its vital operations due to limited battery power; thereby, the connectivity will suffer from link failures when the device’s energy is exhausted. Similarly, the device’s mobility alters the network topology in an arbitrary manner, which affects the stability of established routes. Meanwhile, traffic congestion occurs in the network due to the backlog packet in the queue of devices. This paper presents a Mobility, Battery, and Queue length Multipath-Aware (MBMQA) routing scheme for the IoT 5G network based on D2D communication to cope with these key challenges. The back-pressure algorithm strategy is employed to divert packet flow and illuminate the device selection’s estimated value. Furthermore, a Multiple-Attributes Route Selection (MARS) metric is applied for the optimal route selection with load balancing in the D2D-based IoT 5G network. Overall, the obtained simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MBMQA routing scheme significantly improves the network performance and quality of service (QoS) as compared with the other existing routing schemes.

A Selection of Bandung City Travel Route Using The FLOYD-WARSHALL Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ghifari Arfananda ◽  
◽  
Surya Michrandi Nasution ◽  
Casi Setianingsih ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The rapid development of information and technology, the city of Bandung tourism has also increased. However, tourists who visit the city of Bandung have problems with a limited time when visiting Bandung tourist attractions. Traffic congestion, distance, and the number of tourist destinations are the problems for tourists travel. The optimal route selection is the solution for those problems. Congestion and distance data are processed using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Route selection uses the Floyd-Warshall Algorithm. In this study, the selection of the best route gets the smallest weight with a value of 5.127 from the Algorithm process. Based on testing, from two to five tourist attractions get an average calculation time of 3 to 5 seconds. This application is expected to provide optimal solutions for tourists in the selection of tourist travel routes.

Enabling Device-to-Device Technology in 5G Heterogeneous Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-212
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Hussein ◽  
Hussein A. Elsayed ◽  
Sherine M. Abd El-kader
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Base Station ◽  
D2d Communication ◽  
Spectrum Utilization ◽  
End User ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Cellular Wireless Networks

5G is the next step in the evolution of mobile communication. The evolving 5G cellular wireless networks are envisioned to provide higher data rates, enhanced end-user quality-of-experience (QoE), reduced end-to-end latency, and lower energy consumption. Device to device (D2D) is one of the key technologies provided to enhance 5G performance. Direct communication between two devices without involvement of any central point (i.e., base station) is defined as device to device (D2D) communication. It is a recommended technique to enhance the network performance of 5G in terms of energy efficiency, throughput, latency, and spectrum utilization. In this chapter, the authors provide a detailed survey on the integration of D2D communication into cellular network especially 5G network. The survey highlights the potential advantages; classifications and application for D2D technology have been indicated. Main D2D standards have been presented. Finally, the chapter addresses main topics that could be related to D2D and indicates all major possible challenges that face most researchers.

scholarly journals PAPR and ISI Reduction in Cognitive Radio Network based 5G Network using Massive MIMO SC - FDMA ES.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4697-4705
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Extended use of spectrum increased the number of users; this was the major cause to introduce Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) which is designed to access the available spectrum effectively. Advanced telecommunication technology that is fifth-generation (5G) is inbuilt in CRNs. Fusion Center (FC) in CRN plays an important role in decision making for allocating available spectrum. A novel FC rotation (FCR) method is applied over FC to mitigate the occurrence of interference. Massive-Multiple Input Multiple Output (MaMi) system is used to enhance network performances to accommodate the huge participation of users by means of having a large number of antennas. Existing research works in CRN based 5G network fails to decrease intersymbol interference (ISI) and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). A novel Massive MIMO SC – FDMA ES is proposed in this paper to mitigate high PAPR values to enhance network performance. Our proposed work in CRN is experimentally designed using Network Simulator 3 from which the performances are evaluated. The extensive simulation result shows betterment in terms of channel capacity, reduction of PAPR, bit error rate and spectral efficiency.

scholarly journals Research on Traffic Congestion Based on System Dynamics: The Case of Chongqing, China

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yingsheng Su ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xuejun Li
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Stability

With the rapid development of society, urban traffic congestion has gradually become an important social problem that many cities need to solve. For Chongqing, traffic congestion not only affects residents’ normal travel but also brings more serious environmental pollution. Aiming at the problem of urban traffic congestion and automobile exhaust pollution, this paper adopts the system dynamics method to establish a model for studying urban traffic congestion system from the perspectives of private cars, trucks, and public transportation. First, we determine city motor vehicle trips as an indicator of the degree of traffic congestion in this paper. Second, we analyze the causal relationship between the growth of private cars, the travel of trucks, public transportation, population, and other factors and then build a model and test the stability of the model. Then, we add some practical policies to the model for policy analysis. Finally, it is concluded that the private car restriction policy is effective in controlling the amount of private car travel, and the purchase restriction policy controls the growth of the number of private cars from the root cause, but the development of public transportation is the most effective treatment measure in the long run.

Dynamic Performance of High-Speed Electric Multiple Unit within Multi-Body System Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
Junguo Wang ◽  
Daoping Gong ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Yongxiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Body System ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Multiple Unit ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Multi Body

Background: With the rapid development of the high-speed railway, the dynamic performance such as running stability and safety of the high-speed train is increasingly important. This paper focuses on the dynamic performance of high-speed Electric Multiple Unit (EMU), especially the dynamic characteristics of the bogie frame and car body. Various patents have been discussed in this article. Objective: To develop the Multi-Body System (MBS) model of EMU, verify whether the dynamic performance meets the actual operation requirements, and provide some useful information for dynamics and structural design of the proposed EMU. Methods: According to the technical characteristics of a typical EMU, a MBS model is established via SIMPACK, and the measured data of China high-speed railway is taken as the excitation of track random irregularity. To test the dynamic performance of the EMU, including the stability and safety, some evaluation indexes such as wheel-axle lateral forces, wheel-axle lateral vertical forces, derailment coefficients and wheel unloading rates are also calculated and analyzed in detail. Results: The MBS model of EMU has better dynamic performance especially curving performance, and some evaluation indexes of the stability and safety have also reached China’s high-speed railway standards. Conclusion: The effectiveness of the proposed MBS model is verified, and the dynamic performance of the MBS model can meet the design requirements of high-speed EMU.

scholarly journals 5G Mobile Services and Scenarios: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousaf Zikria ◽  
Sung Kim ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Haoxiang Wang ◽  
Mubashir Rehmani
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Network ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
5G Network ◽  
Massive Number

The Fifth generation (5G) network is projected to support large amount of data traffic and massive number of wireless connections. Different data traffic has different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. 5G mobile network aims to address the limitations of previous cellular standards (i.e., 2G/3G/4G) and be a prospective key enabler for future Internet of Things (IoT). 5G networks support a wide range of applications such as smart home, autonomous driving, drone operations, health and mission critical applications, Industrial IoT (IIoT), and entertainment and multimedia. Based on end users’ experience, several 5G services are categorized into immersive 5G services, intelligent 5G services, omnipresent 5G services, autonomous 5G services, and public 5G services. In this paper, we present a brief overview of 5G technical scenarios. We then provide a brief overview of accepted papers in our Special Issue on 5G mobile services and scenarios. Finally, we conclude this paper.

scholarly journals Image-Based Automatic Watermeter Reading under Challenging Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Qingqi Hong ◽  
Yiwei Ding ◽  
Jinpeng Lin ◽  
Meihong Wang ◽  
Qingyang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Automatic Instrument ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Instrument Reading ◽  
Network Technologies

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and fifth-generation mobile network technologies, automatic instrument reading has become an increasingly important topic for intelligent sensors in smart cities. We propose a full pipeline to automatically read watermeters based on a single image, using deep learning methods to provide new technical support for an intelligent water meter reading. To handle the various challenging environments where watermeters reside, our pipeline disentangled the task into individual subtasks based on the structures of typical watermeters. These subtasks include component localization, orientation alignment, spatial layout guidance reading, and regression-based pointer reading. The devised algorithms for orientation alignment and spatial layout guidance are tailored to improve the robustness of our neural network. We also collect images of watermeters in real scenes and build a dataset for training and evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method even under challenging environments with varying lighting, occlusions, and different orientations. Thanks to the lightweight algorithms adopted in our pipeline, the system can be easily deployed and fully automated.

scholarly journals Development of TLC Chromatographic-Densitometric Procedure for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Ceftobiprole

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Żaneta Binert-Kusztal ◽  
Małgorzata Starek ◽  
Joanna Żandarek ◽  
Monika Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Lipophilicity Parameter ◽  
Alkaline Environments ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
The Stability

Currently, there is still a need for broad-spectrum antibiotics. The new cephalosporin antibiotics include, among others, ceftobiprole, a fifth-generation gram-positive cephalosporin, active against Staphylococcus aureus methicillin agonist (MRSA). The main focus of the work was to optimize the conditions of ceftobiprole qualitative determination and to validate the developed procedure according to ICH guidelines. As a result of the optimization process, HPTLC Cellulose chromatographic plates as a stationary phase and a mixture consisting of ethanol:2-propanol: glacial acetic acid: water (4:4:1:3, v/v/v/v) as a mobile phase were chosen. The densitometric detection was carried out at maximum absorbance of ceftobiprole (λ = 232 nm). Next, the validation process of the developed procedure was carried out. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for precision was less than 1.65%, which proves the high compatibility of the results, as well as the LOD = 0.0257 µg/spot and LOQ = 0.0779 µg/spot values, which also confirm the high sensitivity of the procedure. The usefulness of the developed method for the stability studies of ceftobiprole was analyzed. Study was carried out under stress conditions, i.e., acid and alkaline environments, exposure to radiation imitating sunlight and high temperature (40–60 °C). It was found that cefotbiprole is unstable in an alkaline environment and during exposure to UV-VIS radiation. Moreover, the lipophilicity parameter, as a main physicochemical property of the biologically active compound, was determined using experimental and computational methods.

scholarly journals An experimental publish-subscribe monitoring assessment to Beyond 5G networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Perez ◽  
Jaime Garcia-Reinoso ◽  
Aitor Zabala ◽  
Pablo Serrano ◽  
Albert Banchs
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Distributed Monitoring ◽  
Distributed Environment ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Cloud Computing System ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

AbstractThe fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is designed to accommodate different types of use cases, each of them with different and stringent requirements and key performance indicators (KPIs). To support the optimization of the network performance and validation of the KPIs, there exist the necessity of a flexible and efficient monitoring system and capable of realizing multi-site and multi-stakeholder scenarios. Nevertheless, for the evolution from 5G to 6G, the network is envisioned as a user-driven, distributed Cloud computing system where the resource pool is foreseen to integrate the participating users. In this paper, we present a distributed monitoring architecture for Beyond 5G multi-site platforms, where different stakeholders share the resource pool in a distributed environment. Taking advantage of the usage of publish-subscribe mechanisms adapted to the Edge, the developed lightweight monitoring solution can manage large amounts of real-time traffic generated by the applications located in the resource pool. We assess the performance of the implemented paradigm, revealing some interesting insights about the platform, such as the effect caused by the throughput of monitoring data in performance parameters such as the latency and packet loss, or the presence of a saturation effect due to software limitations that impacts in the performance of the system under specific conditions. In the end, the performance evaluation process has confirmed that the monitoring platform suits the requirements of the proposed scenarios, being capable of handling similar workloads in real 5G and Beyond 5G scenarios, then discussing how the architecture could be mapped to these real scenarios.

scholarly journals Artificial synapses with a sponge-like double-layer porous oxide memristor

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Gao ◽  
Anping Huang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yuhang Ji ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Synaptic Functions ◽  
Intelligence Studies ◽  
Bionic Structure ◽  
Porous Oxide ◽  
The Stability

AbstractClosely following the rapid development of artificial intelligence, studies of the human brain and neurobiology are focusing on the biological mechanisms of neurons and synapses. Herein, a memory system employing a nanoporous double-layer structure for simulation of synaptic functions is described. The sponge-like double-layer porous (SLDLP) oxide stack of Pt/porous LiCoO2/porous SiO2/Si is designed as presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. This bionic structure exhibits high ON–OFF ratios up to 108 during the stability test, and data can be maintained for 105 s despite a small read voltage of 0.5 V. Typical synaptic functions, such as nonlinear transmission characteristics, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and learning-experience behaviors, are achieved simultaneously with this device. Based on the hydrodynamic transport mechanism of water molecules in porous sponges and the principle of water storage, the synaptic behavior of the device is discussed. The SLDLP oxide memristor is very promising due to its excellent synaptic performance and potential in neuromorphic computing.

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