scholarly journals Evaluation of the PAH Content in Soot from Solid Fuels Combustion in Low Power Boilers

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szatyłowicz ◽  
Iwona Skoczko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The emission of carbon compounds (in the form of soot) to the atmosphere has a significant impact on the environment and human health. Air pollution with combustion products, having a unique combination of physical and chemical properties, is an important component of very fine suspended dust, which is emitted from various sources related to combustion processes. The carbon compounds in aerosol form and deposited in the substrate are found all over the Earth. The paper presents results of comparative research on the content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soot samples obtained as a result of combustion of solid fuels such as hard coal with granulation above 60 mm, coal with a grain size of 25–80 mm, coal with a grain size of 8–25 mm, pellets and dry wood. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that the soot obtained in the combustion of coal in different granulation contains more cytotoxic PAH in comparison to the combustion of wood pellets or dry firewood.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the PAHs Content in Soot from Solid Fuels Combustion in Low Power Boilers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szatyłowicz ◽  
Iwona Skoczko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The emission of carbon compounds (in the form of soot) to the atmosphere has a significant impact on the environment and human health. Air pollution with combustion products, having a unique combination of physical and chemical properties, is an important component of very fine suspended dust, which is emitted from various sources related to combustion processes. The carbon compounds in the aerosol and deposited in the substrate are found all over the Earth. The paper presents results of comparative research on the content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soot samples obtained as a result of combustion of solid fuels such as hard coal with granulation above 60 mm, coal with a grain size of 25-80 mm, coal with a grain size of 8-25 mm, pellets and dry wood. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that the soot obtained in the combustion of coal in different granulation contains more cytotoxic PAHs in comparison to the combustion of wood pellets or dry firewood.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat-Treatment on the Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Ni/Al2O3 Nanocrystalline Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Kavian O. Cooke ◽  
Tahir I. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ali Shar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Al2o3 Coating ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heat-treatment is a frequently used technique for modifying the physical and chemical properties of materials. In this study, the effect of heat-treatment on the mechanical properties, thermal stability and surface morphology of two types of electrodeposited coatings (pure-Ni and Ni/Al2O3) were investigated. The XRD analyses showed that the crystal structure of the as-deposited coating changes from slightly amorphous to crystalline as the heat-treatment temperature increases. The heat-treatment of both the pure-Ni and the Ni/Al2O3 coating caused an increase of the grain size within the coatings. However, the unreinforced Ni coating experienced a faster growth rate than the Ni/Al2O3 coating, which resulted in a larger average grain size. The temperature-driven changes to the microstructure of the coatings caused a reduction in the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings. The presence of nanoparticles within the Ni/Al2O3 coating can successfully extend the operational temperature range of the coating to 473 K by pinning grain boundaries.

scholarly journals Potential of dredged bioremediated marine sediment for strawberry cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez-Nicolás ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Dámaris Núñez-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Martínez-Font ◽  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Culture Substrate ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractFor the maintenance of the economic activity of the ports, it is necessary to dredge the marine sediments in order to guarantee their depth. These sediments, considered by European legislation as residues, present relevant limitations of use and generate environmental and economic problems concerning their final disposal. In this context, the present work aims to identify the phytoremediated dredged sediments potential as an alternative to the traditional substrate (peat) in horticultural growing through two-years controlled strawberry cultivation. The growing media mixes used were: (1) 100% peat (Pt) as a control substrate; (2) 100% dredged remediated sediment (DRS); (3) 50% each (Pt-DRS). The dredged sediment, plant drainage and strawberry plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, and fruits) were analyzed to mineral elements, heavy metal contents, and pesticide residues (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and specific fumigants) during the experimental period. Only seven (Mn, Fe, Zn, Mo, Al, Mn and Ni) of the twenty-two metals and two (nitrates and fluorene) of the six hundred-thirteen pesticides analyzed were detected in the strawberry fruits. In all the cases, values detected were under the Spanish and European legal limit. The suitability of strawberry fruits for fresh and/or processed consumption with no risk was confirmed. Based on the results, can be affirmed that the dredged remediated sediment can be used as a culture substrate, alone or mixed with other substrates. Additional researches should be carried out to confirm the sediment characteristics and compare with other substrates to improve the physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals The kinetic parameters of aerosols formed during combustion of modified wood

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Feodor Portnov
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Modified Wood

The paper studies kinetic properties of aerosols formed in thermal degradation of wood. The impact of modifying agents in wood surface layer on the quantitative composition of smoke aerosol solids was analyzed. For this purpose, grain-size of aerosol solids was analyzed, and the physical and chemical properties of source and modified wood were assessed.

The reliability of radiocarbon dates of different carbon fractions in the Australian tropical savannas: A case study from Sanamere Lagoon, northeast Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rivera-Araya ◽  
Michael Bird ◽  
Cassandra Rowe ◽  
Sean Ulm ◽  
Vladimir Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Tropical Lake ◽  
Tropical Lakes ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>The selection and pre-treatment of a reliable organic fraction from which to acquire radiocarbon dates is fundamental to obtain accurate chronologies. Sampling from tropical lakes is particularly challenging given the adverse preservation conditions and diagenesis in these environments. Our research is the first to examine and quantify the differences between the radiocarbon date results from different carbon fractions and pretreatments from the same depths from a tropical lake sediment core (1.72 m long) located in north Australia to assess which one(s) are more reliable. Six different organic fractions (bulk organics, pollen concentrate, cellulose, stable polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC), charcoal >250 um and charcoal >63 um), for a total of 27 radiocarbon dates, were compared in six different depths along the core. Acid-base-acid (ABA), modified ABA (30 % hydrogen peroxide + ABA), 2chlorOx (a novel cellulose pre-treatment method) and hydrogen pyrolysis (hypy) were used to pre-treat the correspondent organic fractions. The oldest date is 31,295 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP) and the youngest is 2,048 cal yr BP, spanning 29,247 years. The smallest offset between the minimum and the maximum age in a given depth was found to be 975 years (between SPAC and charcoal >63 um) and the largest 16,527 years (between pollen concentrate and SPAC). The SPAC fractions pre-treated with hypy consistently yielded older ages compared to all other fraction in most cases, while bulk organics yielded consistently younger ones. The magnitude and consistency of the offsets and the physical and chemical properties of the tested organic fractions suggest that SPAC is the most reliable fraction to date in tropical lake sediments and that hypy successfully removes contamination sourced from exogenous carbon.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Ash from Solid Fuel Combustion in Low-Power Boilers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6801
Author(s):  
Ewa Szatyłowicz ◽  
Wojciech Walendziuk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Solid Fuel Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The production of thermal energy is one of the sources of environmental pollution, especially when it uses traditional fossil fuels (in particular hard and brown coal). Burning conventional fuels contributes to air pollution because of emitting gases and producing waste after the process of burning in the form of ash. The work below was aimed at determining the indirect emission of PAHs in the form of fly ash, depending on the type of fuel burned. The conducted research showed which solid fuel combustion content leaves the lowest content of PAH in the fly ash. This work contains the analysis and assessment of the content of 16 PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in fly ash from the combustion of five selected solid fuels in low-power boilers. The following fuels were chosen for the research: hard coal with granulation above 60 mm, coal with the grain size of 25–80 mm, coal with the grain size of 8–25 mm, pellets with the grain size of 6 mm, and mixed dry wood. The results of the research showed that the most frequent and most concentrated compounds were naphthalene and acenaphthylene from the PAH group. These hydrocarbons have the smallest number of rings in a molecule. It was also found that the content of the LMW (Low Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) fractions in the fly ash from the analyzed fuels in ∑PAHs exceeds 57% in the case of 6 mm pellets and in the case of the ash from wood and hard coal when the grain size >60 mm. The opposite dependence can be observed in the case of the HMW (High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) fraction.

scholarly journals Semi-coking of oil shale of the Leningrad deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
I.V. Litin ◽  
M.Yu. Nazarenko ◽  
S.N. Saltykova
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Near Future

Recently, there has been a growing global interest in processing low-grade types of solid fuels, such as oil shale. In the near future, the role of solid fuels in the country's fuel and energy balance is expected to increase, primarily due to their large reserves. Based on this, this work evaluates the semi – coke obtained by semi-coking low-grade types of solid combustible fossils-oil shale of the Baltic basin (Leningrad deposit). The influence of process parameters (temperature and holding time) on the physical and chemical properties of shale semi-coke was studied experimentally. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the obtained samples of semi-coke from oil shale and brown coal can be used as a substitute for coke in various industries and the national economy.

Potential microbial remediation of pyrene polluted soil: the role of biochar

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Lea Piscitelli ◽  
Anna Daniela Malerba ◽  
Giuseppe Natale Mezzapesa ◽  
Stefano Dumontet ◽  
Donato Mondelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Model Molecule ◽  
Microbial Remediation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Pyrene Concentration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of compounds composed of two or more aromatic rings. They are extremely toxic pollutants largely produced by anthropogenic activities and characterised by high persistence in the environment. Soils contaminated by PAHs could be depolluted by bioremediation techniques, an effective in-situ procedure which provides the addition of exogenous substrates able to sustain and enhance the autochthonous soil microflora and the allochthon microbial inoculum. Our research aims to study the effects of biochar, produced by slow pyrolysis of olive pomace, as a bio-stimulant of soil microflora or support for the colonisation of the allochthon Trichoderma harzianum, on degradation of pyrene used here as model molecule for the PAH family. Biochar is considered an excellent soil conditioner because of its positive effect on soil physical and chemical properties and its positive interaction with soil microorganisms. Autochthonous microbial growth, T. harzianum growth and microbial pyrene-degradation activity were surveyed in soil samples spiked with 50 ppm of pyrene and incubated for up to 28 days. Pyrene concentration was reduced by ~70% in 28 days in both bioaugmentation and biostimulation tests. Olive mill pomace biochar did not interfere with pyrene bioavailability and did not affect microbial pyrene-degrading activity. The T. harzianum did not display a distinctive ability in degrading pyrene and partially inhibited the endogenous soil microflora.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document