Potential microbial remediation of pyrene polluted soil: the role of biochar

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Lea Piscitelli ◽  
Anna Daniela Malerba ◽  
Giuseppe Natale Mezzapesa ◽  
Stefano Dumontet ◽  
Donato Mondelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Model Molecule ◽  
Microbial Remediation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Pyrene Concentration ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of compounds composed of two or more aromatic rings. They are extremely toxic pollutants largely produced by anthropogenic activities and characterised by high persistence in the environment. Soils contaminated by PAHs could be depolluted by bioremediation techniques, an effective in-situ procedure which provides the addition of exogenous substrates able to sustain and enhance the autochthonous soil microflora and the allochthon microbial inoculum. Our research aims to study the effects of biochar, produced by slow pyrolysis of olive pomace, as a bio-stimulant of soil microflora or support for the colonisation of the allochthon Trichoderma harzianum, on degradation of pyrene used here as model molecule for the PAH family. Biochar is considered an excellent soil conditioner because of its positive effect on soil physical and chemical properties and its positive interaction with soil microorganisms. Autochthonous microbial growth, T. harzianum growth and microbial pyrene-degradation activity were surveyed in soil samples spiked with 50 ppm of pyrene and incubated for up to 28 days. Pyrene concentration was reduced by ~70% in 28 days in both bioaugmentation and biostimulation tests. Olive mill pomace biochar did not interfere with pyrene bioavailability and did not affect microbial pyrene-degrading activity. The T. harzianum did not display a distinctive ability in degrading pyrene and partially inhibited the endogenous soil microflora.

scholarly journals Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and their Nanocomposite-based Materials as Photocatalysts in the Degradation of Dyes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6557-6579
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Degradation Of Dyes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The introduction of inorganic and organic pollutants into water bodies has become a serious issue globally. The waste streams released from the textile, plastic, leather, paper, pharmaceutical, and food industries introduce different natural and synthetic dyes into the aquatic system. Nanomaterials play a significant role in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes present in wastewater. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles have many improved physical and chemical properties and attracted much attention in photocatalytic activities. Dyes have been released in our aquatic bodies due to many anthropogenic activities and caused life-threatening problems. Various conventional methods were reported to remove dyes from water and wastewater; the photocatalytic method is one of the efficient and cost-effective. The present review article includes detailed information on photocatalysis, the potential of metal oxide and their composite materials as photocatalysts in the degradation of toxic dyes, and some common synthetic and characterization methods used for metal oxide-based nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Potential of dredged bioremediated marine sediment for strawberry cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Martínez-Nicolás ◽  
Pilar Legua ◽  
Dámaris Núñez-Gómez ◽  
Rafael Martínez-Font ◽  
Francisca Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Strawberry Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Culture Substrate ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractFor the maintenance of the economic activity of the ports, it is necessary to dredge the marine sediments in order to guarantee their depth. These sediments, considered by European legislation as residues, present relevant limitations of use and generate environmental and economic problems concerning their final disposal. In this context, the present work aims to identify the phytoremediated dredged sediments potential as an alternative to the traditional substrate (peat) in horticultural growing through two-years controlled strawberry cultivation. The growing media mixes used were: (1) 100% peat (Pt) as a control substrate; (2) 100% dredged remediated sediment (DRS); (3) 50% each (Pt-DRS). The dredged sediment, plant drainage and strawberry plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, and fruits) were analyzed to mineral elements, heavy metal contents, and pesticide residues (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and specific fumigants) during the experimental period. Only seven (Mn, Fe, Zn, Mo, Al, Mn and Ni) of the twenty-two metals and two (nitrates and fluorene) of the six hundred-thirteen pesticides analyzed were detected in the strawberry fruits. In all the cases, values detected were under the Spanish and European legal limit. The suitability of strawberry fruits for fresh and/or processed consumption with no risk was confirmed. Based on the results, can be affirmed that the dredged remediated sediment can be used as a culture substrate, alone or mixed with other substrates. Additional researches should be carried out to confirm the sediment characteristics and compare with other substrates to improve the physical and chemical properties.

The reliability of radiocarbon dates of different carbon fractions in the Australian tropical savannas: A case study from Sanamere Lagoon, northeast Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rivera-Araya ◽  
Michael Bird ◽  
Cassandra Rowe ◽  
Sean Ulm ◽  
Vladimir Levchenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Tropical Lake ◽  
Tropical Lakes ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<p>The selection and pre-treatment of a reliable organic fraction from which to acquire radiocarbon dates is fundamental to obtain accurate chronologies. Sampling from tropical lakes is particularly challenging given the adverse preservation conditions and diagenesis in these environments. Our research is the first to examine and quantify the differences between the radiocarbon date results from different carbon fractions and pretreatments from the same depths from a tropical lake sediment core (1.72 m long) located in north Australia to assess which one(s) are more reliable. Six different organic fractions (bulk organics, pollen concentrate, cellulose, stable polycyclic aromatic carbon (SPAC), charcoal >250 um and charcoal >63 um), for a total of 27 radiocarbon dates, were compared in six different depths along the core. Acid-base-acid (ABA), modified ABA (30 % hydrogen peroxide + ABA), 2chlorOx (a novel cellulose pre-treatment method) and hydrogen pyrolysis (hypy) were used to pre-treat the correspondent organic fractions. The oldest date is 31,295 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP) and the youngest is 2,048 cal yr BP, spanning 29,247 years. The smallest offset between the minimum and the maximum age in a given depth was found to be 975 years (between SPAC and charcoal >63 um) and the largest 16,527 years (between pollen concentrate and SPAC). The SPAC fractions pre-treated with hypy consistently yielded older ages compared to all other fraction in most cases, while bulk organics yielded consistently younger ones. The magnitude and consistency of the offsets and the physical and chemical properties of the tested organic fractions suggest that SPAC is the most reliable fraction to date in tropical lake sediments and that hypy successfully removes contamination sourced from exogenous carbon.</p>

scholarly journals DETECTION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS COMPOUNDS CONCENTRATIONS AND THEIR FATE IN TIGRIS RIVER WITHIN BAGHDAD CITY - IRAQ.

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalaf & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chemical Water

The objective of this study was to investigate concentrations, compositions of PAHs and to study physical and chemical water characteristic in Tigris River. This study was conducted during July 2017 to April 2018. The results showed that twelve PAHs compounds were detected in water and sediment of the river and the highest concentrations of these compounds were founded in sediment samples. Concentrations of PAHs in water samples have a ranged between (0.36µg. l-1) in wet season to (0.53µg.l-1) in dry season, while the sediment sample have a ranged between (633.23µg.kg-1) in wet season to (778.28µg.kg-1) in dry season. The origin of PAHs in water and sediment were pyrogenic depending on the ratios of Phenanthene/Anthracene, Anthacene/ (Anthacene + Phenanthene), low molecular weight/high molecular weight. According of these results, it can be concluded that the Tigris River is polluted with the PAHs, and anthropogenic activities with the largest impact on the water health and quality of the river.

scholarly journals Estimation of carbon stocks under different soil uses in the central highlands of Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Alvarez Arteaga ◽  
Belina García Fajardo ◽  
María Estela Orozco Hernández ◽  
Patricia Mireles Lezama ◽  
Julieta Contreras Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The loss of organic carbon stocks from the soil and their expulsion into the atmosphere due to the effect of anthropogenic activities must be understood as a problem that goes beyond the environmental to the social and economic context, with the soil degradation being just one of its many impacts. While the accumulation of carbon in the soil depends naturally on the interaction among a series of biotic and abiotic factors, management practices often cause the deterioration of its physical, chemical and biological properties, and, thus, increase the levels of mineralization and a reduction in carbon stocks. This research was undertaken in the municipality of San José del Rincón, State of Mexico, in volcanic soils under different conditions of soil use and disturbation time periods. Samples were obtained at 11 plots, on which physical and chemical analyses were undertaken, obtaining soil organic carbon stocks at 20 cm top soil. The results indicated that, for the soils used for agriculture and induced pasture, there were significant increases in the bulk density, greater acidity and a decrease in carbon concentration compared to forest soils. The organic carbon stocks taken from soils used in forestry, agriculture and induced pasture at a depth of 20 cm were 131, 53 and 63 Mg C ha-1 respectively, results which suggest the timing and intensity of management are determinants in the loss of soil organic carbon stocks from the soil, as well as the alteration of some of their physical and chemical properties.

Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles from Used Motor Oil and Benzene via Solution Plasma Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 773-778
Author(s):  
Napatsawan Saengarunthong ◽  
Parinya Khongthong ◽  
Gasidit Panomsuwan ◽  
Tomonaga Ueno ◽  
Nagahiro Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Used Motor Oil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) were successfully synthesized from the mixture of used motor oil and benzene via a solution plasma process (SPP). The synthesis was achieved within a single step at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The effects of mixing ratio between used motor oil and benzene on the physical and chemical properties of CNPs were investigated by means of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that there were no significant changes in morphological feature and chemical functional groups on CNPs at different mixing ratios. The CNPs exhibited the aggregates of fine particles with the diameter of about 20–30 nm. The crystallinity of CNPs was found to be slightly increase when synthesized under the presence of used motor oil, possibly due to the effect of aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in used motor oil. We expect that the conversion of used motor oil into CNPs by SPP could be another attractive way to add the value to used motor oil prior to disposing.

Water quality changes in a small plain agricultural catchment area

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sima Belic ◽  
Andjelka V. Belic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Nonpoint Pollution ◽  
The North ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Anthropogenic activities in a catchment area influence in a most direct way the surface water quality. Detailed studies of the factors of all production processes in the catchment enable establishing the degree of their possible individual participation in the pollution of that region, which is the first step in finding out the way of its appropriate protection. Such a study we carried out on the example of the Krivaja catchment area (the river Krivaja and the reservoir Zobnatica), in the north of Yugoslavia during the 1980–1992 period. The analysis encompassed natural characteristics of the soil and production activities in the region, which is characterized by numerous point and nonpoint pollution sources. Surface water quality was assessed on the basis of their physical and chemical properties. Besides, inorganic forms of nutrients, first of all nitrogen, were also analyzed. The results indicate deterioration of surface water quality in the catchment during the investigated period. In view of the fact that the state of point pollution sources did not change during the investigation, it is quite clear that nonpoint pollution, having mainly the origin in agricultural production, were the main cause of deterioration of surface water quality.

scholarly journals Bioinspired supramolecular nanosheets of zinc chlorophyll assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunao Shoji ◽  
Tetsuya Ogawa ◽  
Shogo Matsubara ◽  
Hitoshi Tamiaki
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Model Molecule ◽  
Chlorophyll Derivative ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Antenna Systems ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Two-dimensional sheet-like supramolecules have attracted much attention from the viewpoints of their potential application as functional (nano)materials due to unique physical and chemical properties. One of the supramolecular sheet-like nanostructures in nature is visible in the self-assemblies of bacteriochlorophyll-c–f pigments inside chlorosomes, which are major components in the antenna systems of photosynthetic green bacteria. Herein, we report artificial chlorosomal supramolecular nanosheets prepared by the self-assembly of a synthetic zinc 31-methoxy-chlorophyll derivative having amide and urea groups in the substituent at the 17-position. The semi-synthetic zinc chlorophyll derivative kinetically formed dimeric species and transformed into more thermodynamically stable chlorosomal J-aggregates in the solid state. The kinetically and thermodynamically formed self-assemblies had particle-like and sheet-like supramolecular nanostructures, respectively. The resulting nanosheets of biomimetic chlorosomal J-aggregates had flat surfaces and well-ordered supramolecular structures. The artificial sheet-like nanomaterial mimicking chlorosomal bacteriochlorophyll-c–f J-aggregates was first constructed by the model molecule, and is potentially useful for various applications including artificial light-harvesting antennas and photosyntheses.

scholarly journals Impact of Headworks of River Chenab on Surrounding Vegetation and Phytodiversity Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study focused on the impact assessment of the wild flora and environmental gradients encompassed by the River Chenab headworks using quantitative ecological indices. Quadrats of 1 × 1, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 sizes were used for vegetation. Considering environmental data, grazing and anthropogenic effects, soil analysis based on different physical and chemical properties was studied. The relationship between different sites and their surroundings was analyzed by Canonical and Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Similarity indices were revealed through the use of a heat map and dendrogram. As many as 130 plant species, 60 families, comprising 104 species of dicots, 17 monocots, 7 pteridophytes and 2 species of bryophytes were recorded. Different soil properties including organic matter, soil moisture and soil pH affect the vegetation on different sites. Anthropogenic activities such as construction, fishing and animal grazing were the main threats for vegetation that need to be restricted strategically to conserve surrounding vegetation.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Their Importance in Animal Nutrition

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarkan Şahin ◽  
Sakine Dalğa ◽  
Mükremin Ölmez
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed as a result of incomplete combustion of organic compounds. It contains compounds that cause toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic damage, such as heterocyclic aromatic amines, benzene and formaldehyde. PAHs can be found in industrial wastes, garbage, cigarette smoke, pesticides and flue gases and can contaminate air, water, soil and food. Although more than 100 PAH compounds are detected in nature, it is accepted that 16 PAH compounds have more harmful effects. It is important to determine the PAH exposure levels of feeds used in animal nutrition, since the contamination of feed plants and factory feeds with PAH compounds will indirectly affect human health. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of PAHs and their effects on animal production and indirectly on human health were compiled.

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