scholarly journals Combining Blockchain and IoT: Food-Chain Traceability and Beyond

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
Jacopo Grecuccio ◽  
Edoardo Giusto ◽  
Fabio Fiori ◽  
Maurizio Rebaudengo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Software Framework ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Main Application ◽  
Iot Devices

Recently, the interest around the Blockchain concept has grown faster and, as a consequence, several studies about the possibility of exploiting such technology in different application domains have been conducted. Most of these studies highlighted the benefits that the use of the blockchain could bring in those contexts where integrity and authenticity of the data are important, e.g., for reasons linked to regulations about consumers’ healthcare. In such cases, it would be important to collect data, coming in real-time through sensors, and then store them in the blockchain, so that they can become immutable and tamper-proof. In this paper, the design and development of a software framework that allows Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices to interact directly with an Ethereum-based blockchain are reported. The proposed solution represents an alternative way for integrating a wide category of IoT devices without relying on a centralized intermediary and third-party services. The main application scenario for which the project has been conceived regards food-chain traceability in the Industry 4.0 domain. Indeed, the designed system has been integrated into the depiction of a use case for monitoring the temperature of fish products within a warehouse and during the delivery process.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of using Blockchain Tech-nology with Internet of Things and its Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 1469-1475
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Third Party Intervention ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Iot Devices

Blockchain technology uses the cryptographic technique to create expanding list of data records called blocks. Along with transaction and timestamp data, each block holds a hash value obtained using cryptographic technique. Blockchain gains importance for its decentralized data transaction and authorization without the need for third-party intervention. Although, it is mostly used in Finance sector these days, due to its inherent ability to protect data it can be applied to every field of computation especially in fields where data transaction is voluminous. Internet of Things (IoT) is one such area where it involves collection, transfer and processing of real time data from objects, humans and sensors to automate various tasks. Hence, this paper reviews the blockchain technology, and how it can be coupled with IoT to overcome the privacy and security issues. This paper first systematically introduces the concept of blockchain technology, its applications along with the need for IoT devices and its implementation. Finally, it discusses the blockchain based IoT (BIoT) its architecture, advantages, challenges in implementation

scholarly journals IoT Notary : Attestable Sensor Data Capture in IoT Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Nisha Panwar ◽  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Sharad Mehrotra ◽  
Nalini Venkatasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
User Data ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The University

Contemporary IoT environments, such as smart buildings, require end-users to trust data-capturing rules published by the systems. There are several reasons why such a trust is misplaced—IoT systems may violate the rules deliberately or IoT devices may transfer user data to a malicious third-party due to cyberattacks, leading to the loss of individuals’ privacy or service integrity. To address such concerns, we propose IoT Notary , a framework to ensure trust in IoT systems and applications. IoT Notary provides secure log sealing on live sensor data to produce a verifiable “proof-of-integrity,” based on which a verifier can attest that captured sensor data adhere to the published data-capturing rules. IoT Notary is an integral part of TIPPERS, a smart space system that has been deployed at the University of California, Irvine to provide various real-time location-based services on the campus. We present extensive experiments over real-time WiFi connectivity data to evaluate IoT Notary , and the results show that IoT Notary imposes nominal overheads. The secure logs only take 21% more storage, while users can verify their one day’s data in less than 2 s even using a resource-limited device.

Applying Security to a Big Stream Cloud Architecture for the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
pp. 1260-1284
Author(s):  
Laura Belli ◽  
Simone Cirani ◽  
Luca Davoli ◽  
Gianluigi Ferrari ◽  
Lorenzo Melegari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Large Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Stream Data ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Cloud Architecture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is expected to interconnect billions (around 50 by 2020) of heterogeneous sensor/actuator-equipped devices denoted as “Smart Objects” (SOs), characterized by constrained resources in terms of memory, processing, and communication reliability. Several IoT applications have real-time and low-latency requirements and must rely on architectures specifically designed to manage gigantic streams of information (in terms of number of data sources and transmission data rate). We refer to “Big Stream” as the paradigm which best fits the selected IoT scenario, in contrast to the traditional “Big Data” concept, which does not consider real-time constraints. Moreover, there are many security concerns related to IoT devices and to the Cloud. In this paper, we analyze security aspects in a novel Cloud architecture for Big Stream applications, which efficiently handles Big Stream data through a Graph-based platform and delivers processed data to consumers, with low latency. The authors detail each module defined in the system architecture, describing all refinements required to make the platform able to secure large data streams. An experimentation is also conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed architecture when integrating security mechanisms.

scholarly journals Setting Up Telemedicine: Internet of Things to Support Rural Oncology Clinics in a Low- and Middle-Income Country—A Pilot Project in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
Lamech Sigu ◽  
Fredrick Chite ◽  
Emma Achieng ◽  
Andrew Koech
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Tumor Boards ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

PURPOSE The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that involves all things connected to the Internet that share data over a network without requiring human-to-human interaction or human-to-computer interaction. Information collected from IoT devices can help physicians identify the best treatment process for patients and reach accurate and expected outcomes. METHODS The International Cancer Institute is partnering to set up remote oncology clinics in sub-Saharan Africa. Medical oncologists and expert teams from across the world connect with oncology clinics in other Kenyan counties—Kisumu, Meru, Makueni, Garissa, Kakamega, Bungoma, Siaya, and Vihiga counties. The furthest county is Garissa, approximately 651.1 km from Eldoret, and the nearest is Vihiga at 100.4 km from Eldoret. This study began July 2019, and as of November 30th, the team has hosted 21 sessions with an average of 11 participants attending a session led by a medical oncologist. RESULTS IoT devices have become a way by which a patient gets all the information he or she needs from a physician without going to the clinic. Patient monitoring can be done in real time, allowing access to real-time information with improved patient treatment outcomes and a decrease in cost. Through IoT-enabled devices, the International Cancer Institute has set up weekly virtual tumor boards during which cancer cases are presented and discussed by all participating counties. An online training module on cancer is also offered. Furthermore, remote monitoring of a patient’s health helps to reduce the length of hospital stay and prevents readmissions. CONCLUSION In our setting, which has a few oncologists, use of IoT and tumor boards has helped to improve patient decision support as well as training for general physicians.

Human-robot interaction in industry 4.0 based on an internet of things real-time gesture control system

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Luis Roda-Sanchez ◽  
Teresa Olivares ◽  
Celia Garrido-Hidalgo ◽  
José Luis de la Vara ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Gesture Control

scholarly journals Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Study on Machine Learning-based Intrusion Detection approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Lokesh Yadav ◽  
Deepak Singh Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Iot Devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of interconnected devices that can exchange information with each other with minimal user intervention. The goal of IoT to become accessible to anyone, anytime, and anywhere. IoT has engaged in multiple fields, including education, healthcare, businesses, and smart home. Security and privacy issues have been significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of IoT. IoT devices cannot be entirely secure from threats; detecting attacks in real-time is essential for securing devices. In the real-time communication domain and especially in IoT, security and protection are the major issues. The resource-constrained nature of IoT devices makes traditional security techniques difficult. In this paper, the research work carried out in IoT Intrusion Detection System is presented. The Machine learning methods are explored to provide an effective security solution for IoT Intrusion Detection systems. Then discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the selected methodology. Further, the datasets used in IoT security are also discussed. Finally, the examination of the open issues and directions for future trends are also provided.

scholarly journals An Efficient Data Stream Analytics Model for Real Time Internet of Things (Iot) Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-500
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Layer System ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Multiple Environments ◽  
Iot Devices

Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics is supporting multiple applications. These numerous applications try to gather data from different environments, here the gathered data may be homogeneous or heterogeneous, but most of the data collected from multiple environments were heterogeneous, the task of gathering, processing, storing and the analysis that is being performed on data are still challenging. Providing security to all these things is also a challenging task due to untrusted networks and big data. Big data management in the ever-expanding network may rise several non-trivial concerns on data collection, data-efficient processing, analytics, and security. However, the above said scenarios depends on large scale sensor deployed. Sensors continuously transmit data to clouds for real time use, which can raise the issue of privacy disclosure because IoT devices may gather data including a kind of sensitive private information. In this context, we propose a two-layer system or model for analyzing IoT data, collected from multiple applications. The first layer is mainly used for gathering data from multiple environments and acts as a service-oriented interface to ingest data. The second layer is responsible for storing and analyses data securely. The Proposed solutions are implemented by the use of open source components.

scholarly journals Affecting Young Children’s Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors for Ultraviolet Radiation Protection through the Internet of Things: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sotiroula Theodosi ◽  
Iolie Nicolaidou
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Experimental Group

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is linked to skin cancer. Children are more vulnerable to UV harmful effects compared to adults. Children’s active involvement in using Internet of Things (IoT) devices to collect and analyze real-time UV radiation data is suggested to increase their awareness of UV protection. This quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group study implemented light sensors in a STEM inquiry-based learning environment focusing on UV radiation and protection in primary education. This exploratory, small-scale study investigated the effect of a STEM environment implementing IoT devices on 6th graders’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about UV radiation and protection. Participants were 31 primary school students. Experimental group participants (n = 15) attended four eighty-minute inquiry-based lessons on UV radiation and protection and used sensors to measure and analyze UV radiation in their school. Data sources included questionnaires on UV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors administered pre- and post-intervention. Statistically significant learning gains were found only for the experimental group (t14 = −3.64, p = 0.003). A statistically significant positive behavioral change was reported for experimental group participants six weeks post-intervention. The study adds empirical evidence suggesting the value of real-time data-driven approaches implementing IoT devices to positively influence students’ knowledge and behaviors related to socio-scientific problems affecting their health.

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