scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Water and Polymer Flooding on Geometric and Multifractal Characteristics of Pore Structures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5288
Author(s):  
Xianguo Zhang ◽  
Chengyan Lin ◽  
Yuqi Wu ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Reservoir Quality ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pore Structures

During water and polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery, pore structures may vary because of the fluid–rock interactions, which can lead to variations in petrophysical properties and affect oil field production. To investigate the effects of fluid flooding on pore structures, six samples were subjected to brine water, dual-system, and alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) polymer displacement experiments. Before and after experiments, samples were scanned by X-ray CT. Thin sections, X-ray diffraction, and high pressure mercury injection tests were also carried out to characterize mineralogy and fractal dimension of pore systems before experiments. Experiment results show that water flooding with low injection pore volume ratio (IPVR) can improve reservoir quality since total porosity and connected porosity of samples rise after the flooding and the proportion of large pores also increases and heterogeneity of pore structure decreases. However, water flooding with high IPVR has reverse effects on pore structures. Polymer flooding reduces the total porosity, connected porosity, the percentage of small pores and enhances the heterogeneity of pore structures. It can be found that pore structures will change in fluid flooding and appropriate water injection can improve reservoir quality while excessive water injection may destroy the reservoir. Meanwhile, injected polymer may block throats and destroy reservoirs. The experimental results can be used as the basis for oil field development.

Use of Diverter Compositions for Enhancing the Effectiveness of Oil Recovery from Productive Deposits

2018 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 159-170
Author(s):  
Vadim Aleksandrov ◽  
Kirill Galinskij ◽  
Andrey Ponomarev ◽  
Vadim Golozubenko ◽  
Yuriy Sivkov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

One of the most important aspects in the activities of oil companies in the Western Siberia is to improve the effectiveness of water-flooding as the main method of impact on the formation. This is due to the fact that at the present time reservoirs of a complex structure with difficult to recover reserves prevail among newly introduced development objects, the extraction of which is extremely difficult using a simple method of water injection volumes regulation. First of all, this refers to reservoirs of Jurassic deposits, which are characterized by the most complex geological structure and porosity and permeability properties. A promising direction in improving the water-flooding system at such objects is the use of physical and chemical technologies to enhance the oil recovery of formations, and primarily, referring to the diverter technology. The research objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of using “hard” type diverter compositions to enhance oil recovery of formations. With the help of detailed oil-field analysis and field-geophysical studies, the nature of the development of oil reserves for Jurassic development sites has been assessed.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Chemical Flooding of Suizhong 36-1 Oilfield

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi Yanfu ◽  
Guo Xiaosai ◽  
Pi Yanming ◽  
Wu Peng
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Binary Combination

Aim at the reservoir characteristics of Suizhong 36-1 Oil Field, this paper has developed typical two-dimensional physical model in parallel between the layers and studied the macroscopic displacement effect of polymer flooding and binary compound flooding, and studied the interlayer spread law and oil displacement efficiency of polymer flooding and binary combination flooding by using saturation monitoring system deeply. The results show that: when the multiples of pore volume injected for polymer was 0.3 after water flooding, the recovery efficiency increased by 10.3%, and when the multiples of pore volume injected for binary combination flooding was 0.3 after polymer flooding and the recovery efficiency could also increase by 19.3%, and the effect of enhanced oil recovery was obvious during the binary combination flooding and polymer flooding; Saturation monitoring data showed that there formed oil wall and increased the flow resistance and expanded the swept volume during the stage of polymer flooding and binary combination flooding, effective use of low-permeability layer was the key to improve oil recovery.

scholarly journals Interception Characteristics and Pollution Mechanism of the Filter Medium in Polymer-Flooding Produced Water Filtration Process

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Xingwang Wang ◽  
Xiaoxuan Xu ◽  
Wei Dang ◽  
Zhiwei Tang ◽  
Changchao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Oil Droplets

Polymer flooding enhances oil recovery, but during the application of this technology, it also creates a large amount of polymer-contained produced water that poses a threat to the environment. The current processing is mainly focused on being able to meet the re-injection requirements. However, many processes face the challenges of purifying effect, facilities pollution, and economical justification in the field practice. In the present work, to fully understand the structure and principle of the oil field filter tank, and based on geometric similarity and similar flow, a set of self-designed filtration simulation devices is used to study the treatment of polymer-contained produced water in order to facilitate the satisfaction of the water injection requirements for medium- and low-permeability reservoirs. The results show that, due to the existence of polymers in oil field produced water, a stable colloidal system is formed on the surface of the filter medium, which reduces the adsorption of oil droplets and suspended solids by the filter medium. The existence of the polymers also increases the viscosity of water, promotes the emulsification of oil pollution, and increases the difficulty of filtration and separation. As filtration progresses, the adsorption of the polymers by the filter medium bed reaches saturation, and the polymers and oil pollution contents in the filtered water increase gradually. The concentration and particle size of the suspended solids eventually exceed the permissible standards for filtered water quality; this is mainly due to the unreasonable size of the particle in relation to the filter medium gradation and the competitive adsorption between the polymers and the suspended solids on the surface of the filter medium. The oil concentration of the filtered water also exceeds the allowable standards and results from the polymers replace the oil droplets in the pores and on the surfaces of the filter medium. Moreover, the suspended particles of the biomass, composed of dead bacteria, hyphae, and spores, have strong attachment and carrying ability with respect to oil droplets, which cause the suspended solids in the filtered water to exceed the permissible standards and oil droplets to be retained in the filtered effluent at the same time.

Nanotechnology Helps Decrease Pressure, Increase Injection in Offshore China Oil Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Chris Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Offshore Technology

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30407, “Case Study of Nanopolysilicon Materials’ Depressurization and Injection-Increasing Technology in Offshore Bohai Bay Oil Field KL21-1,” by Qing Feng, Nan Xiao Li, and Jun Zi Huang, China Oilfield Services, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 2–6 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. Nanotechnology offers creative approaches to solve problems of oil and gas production that also provide potential for pressure-decreasing application in oil fields. However, at the time of writing, successful pressure-decreasing nanotechnology has rarely been reported. The complete paper reports nanopolysilicon as a new depressurization and injection-increasing agent. The stability of nanopolysilicon was studied in the presence of various ions, including sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+). The study found that the addition of nanomaterials can improve porosity and permeability of porous media. Introduction More than 600 water-injection wells exist in Bohai Bay, China. Offshore Field KL21-1, developed by water-flooding, is confronted with the following challenges: - Rapid increase and reduction of water-injection pressure - Weak water-injection capacity of reservoir - Decline of oil production - Poor reservoir properties - Serious hydration and expansion effects of clay minerals To overcome injection difficulties in offshore fields, conventional acidizing measures usually are taken. But, after multiple cycles of acidification, the amount of soluble substances in the rock gradually decreases and injection performance is shortened. Through injection-performance experiments, it can be determined that the biological nanopolysilicon colloid has positive effects on pressure reduction and injection increase. Fluid-seepage-resistance decreases, the injection rate increases by 40%, and injection pressure decreases by 10%. Features of Biological Nanopolysilicon Systems The biological nanopolysilicon-injection system was composed of a bioemulsifier (CDL32), a biological dispersant (DS2), and a nanopolysilicon hydrophobic system (NP12). The bacterial strain of CDL32 was used to obtain the culture colloid of biological emulsifier at 37°C for 5 days. DS2 was made from biological emulsifier CDL32 and some industrial raw materials described in Table 1 of the complete paper. Nanopolysilicon hydrophobic system NP12 was composed of silicon dioxide particles. The hydrophobic nanopolysilicons selected in this project featured particle sizes of less than 100 nm. In the original samples, a floc of nanopolysilicon was fluffy and uniform. But, when wet, nanopolysilicon will self-aggregate and its particle size increases greatly. At the same time, nanopolysilicon features significant agglomeration in water. Because of its high interface energy, nanopolysilicon is easily agglomerated, as shown in Fig. 1.

An Easy Calculation Method on Sweep Efficiency of Chemical Flooding

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fu Qing Yuan ◽  
Zhen Quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Easy Calculation ◽  
Polymer Compound

According to the geological parameters of Shengli Oilfield, sweep efficiency of chemical flooding was analyzed according to injection volume, injection-production parameters of polymer flooding or surfactant-polymer compound flooding. The orthogonal design method was employed to select the important factors influencing on expanding sweep efficiency by chemical flooding. Numerical simulation method was utilized to analyze oil recovery and sweep efficiency of different flooding methods, such as water flooding, polymer flooding and surfactant-polymer compound flooding. Finally, two easy calculation models were established to calculate the expanding degree of sweep efficiency by polymer flooding or SP compound flooding than water flooding. The models were presented as the relationships between geological parameters, such as effective thickness, oil viscosity, porosity and permeability, and fluid parameters, such as polymer-solution viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension. The precision of the two models was high enough to predict sweep efficiency of polymer flooding or SP compound flooding.

scholarly journals SURFACTANT-POLYMER FLOODING PERFORMANCE IN HETEROGENEOUS TWO-LAYERED POROUS MEDIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin ◽  
Asri Nugrahanti ◽  
Putri Nurizatulshira Buang ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Reservoir Heterogeneity ◽  
Residual Oil Saturation ◽  
Layered Porous Media ◽  
Multiple Porosity

In this paper, simulation study was conducted to investigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity of multiple porosity fields on oil recovery, residual oil and microemulsion saturation. The generated porosity fields were applied into UTCHEM for simulating surfactant-polymer flooding in heterogeneous two-layered porous media. From the analysis, surfactant-polymer flooding was more sensitive than water flooding to the spatial distribution of multiple porosity fields. Residual oil saturation in upper and lower layers after water and polymer flooding was about the same with the reservoir heterogeneity. On the other hand, residual oil saturation in the two layers after surfactant-polymer flooding became more unequal as surfactant concentration increased. Surfactant-polymer flooding had higher oil recovery than water and polymer flooding within the range studied. The variation of oil recovery due to the reservoir heterogeneity was under 9.2%.

Improving Water Injectivity Through Lateral Radial Drilling into the Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effiong Essien ◽  
Uchenna Onyejiaka ◽  
Stanley Onwukwe ◽  
Nnaemeka Uwaezuoke
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Recovery Factor ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Radial Drilling

Abstract Poor formation permeability and near well bore damage may limit water injectivity into the reservoir in a water injection project. This paper seeks to evaluate the effect of radial drilling technique on water injectivity and oil recovery in water flooding operation. Radial drilling technology utilizes hydraulic energy to create lateral perpendicular small holes through the casing into the reservoir. The holes may extend to 100 m (330 ft) into the reservoir to access fresh formations beyond the near wellbore, and damage zone. A black oil simulator (Eclipse 100) was used to modeling a lateral radial drill from the borehole into the reservoir, and that of a conventional perforation of the wellbore respectively. A simulation study was carried out using various presumed radial drill configurations in determining injectivity index, displacement efficiencies, recovery factor and water cut of the process. The determined results were further compared with that of the conventional perforation process case respectively. The results show a significant improvement in water injectivity in radial drill case with the increasing length and number of radials as compared to the conventional wellbore perforation case. The determined Recovery factor shows a progressive increase with increase in the numbers of radials drilled, irrespective of the radial length. However, it was observed that, the more the number and length of the radials drilled in to the reservoir, the higher the water cut from producer wells. Radial Drilling Technology, therefore, has a promising potential to improving water injectivity into the reservoir and thereby optimizing oil recovery in a water flooding operation.

Visco-Elastic Property Studies on Polymer Flooding Systems with High Concentrations

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 834-837
Author(s):  
Ji Gang Wang ◽  
Quan Qing Du ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Shao Li Hu ◽  
Pan Niu
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Property ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Elastic Characteristic ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Improved Oil Recovery ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Asp Flooding

Keywords: Visco-elastic property; polymer flooding; oil recovery Abstract. Polymer flooding and ASP flooding has improved oil recovery a lot in Daqing oil field. In ASP flooding, the existence of alkali decreases the visco-elastic characteristic of polymer, which decreases the oil recovery of polymer flooding. The aim of this paper was to study the visco-elastic characteristic, shear resistance in high concentration and high molecular weight polymer flooding, and analyzed the suitable parameter of it .They can provide the theory of polymer flooding development and application research.

scholarly journals Asynchronous Injection-Production Process: A Method to Improve Water Flooding Recovery in Complex Fault Block Reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shibao Yuan ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Haiyan Jiang ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Shengnan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Production Stage ◽  
Fault Block ◽  
Complex Fault ◽  
Well Pattern ◽  
Remaining Oil

The complex fault block reservoir has the characteristics of small area and many layers in vertical. Due to the influence of formation heterogeneity and well pattern, the situation that “water fingering is serious with water injection, on the contrary, driving energy is low” frequently occurs in water flooding, which makes it difficult to enhance oil recovery. Asynchronous injection-production (AIP) process divides the conventional continuous injection-production process into two independent processes: injection stage and production stage. In order to study oil recovery in the fault block reservoir by AIP technology, a triangle closed block reservoir is divided into 7 subareas. The result of numerical simulation indicates that all subareas have the characteristic of fluid diverting and remaining oil in the central area is also affected by injected water at injection stage of AIP technology. Remaining oil in the central area is driven to the included angle and border area by injected water and then produced at the production stage. Finally, the oil recovery in the central area rises by 5.2% and in the noncentral area is also increased in different levels. The AIP process can realize the alternative change of reservoir pressure, change the distribution of flow field, and enlarge the swept area by injected water. To sum it up, the AIP process is an effective method to improve the oil recovery in complex fault-block reservoir by water flooding.

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