scholarly journals Insulation Life Span of Low-Voltage Electric Motors—A Survey

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1738
Author(s):  
Vanessa Neves Höpner ◽  
Volmir Eugênio Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
High Switching Frequency

The use of static frequency converters, which have a high switching frequency, generates voltage pulses with a high rate of change over time. In combination with cable and motor impedance, this generates repetitive overvoltage at the motor terminals, influencing the occurrence of partial discharges between conductors, causing degradation of the insulation of electric motors. Understanding the effects resulting from the frequency converter–electric motor interaction is essential for developing and implementing insulation systems with characteristics that support the most diverse applications, have an operating life under economically viable conditions, and promote energy efficiency. With this objective, a search was carried out in three recognized databases. Duplicate articles were eliminated, resulting in 1069 articles, which were systematically categorized and reviewed, resulting in 481 articles discussing the causes of degradation in the insulation of electric motors powered by frequency converters. A bibliographic portfolio was built and evaluated, with 230 articles that present results on the factors that can be used in estimating the life span of electric motor insulation. In this structure, the historical evolution of the collected information, the authors who conducted the most research on the theme, and the relevance of the knowledge presented in the works were considered.

Current controller design for high switching frequency converters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Gavagsaz-Ghoachani ◽  
Matheepot Phattanasak ◽  
Majid Zandi ◽  
Jean-Philippe Martin ◽  
Babak Nahid-Mobarakeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
Current Controller ◽  
High Switching Frequency

Research of Load Unbalance of a Two- Motor Variable Frequency Dtive for Scraper Conveyor

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shprekher ◽  
◽  
Gennady Babokin ◽  
Evgeny Kolesnikov ◽  
Dmitry Ovsyannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Scraper Conveyor ◽  
Simulation Results

The article analyzes the uneven loading of the scraper conveyor electric motors. The most common type of multi-motor conveyor is considered here: two-drive, with head and end drives connected through gearboxes and sprockets by an endless chain with scrapers. The simulation results are presented for three variants of com-binations of parameters of electric drives. It has been established that the use of a two-motor variable frequen-cy drive of a scraper conveyor powered by a single frequency converter inevitably entails uneven loading of the electric motors of the head and end drives. To eliminate this disadvantage, it is proposed to supply each electric motor from its own frequency converter. A system of automatic load balancing is proposed. The implementation and the result of the work of the load balancing system are carried out on a model in the Matlab / Simulink system.

scholarly journals Comparative study of frequency converters of three-phase electric motors in automatic control of technological parameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Margarita M. Blagoveshchenskaya ◽  
Mikhail V. Veselov
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Technological Parameter ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
Ac Motors ◽  
Three Phase

Frequency converters of asynchronous three-phase AC motors are widely used in industry, including food production. A thorough understanding of the technical capabilities of frequency converters contributes to their efficient use. This article discusses a technical comparison of two frequency converters of three-phase electric motors of the Russian company "OWEN" and the Danish company "DANFOSS" according to the criterion of the quality of regulation of the technological parameter. For comparison, a test bench was created, in which the devices were tested in turn, under the same conditions. During the preparation and implementation of testing, it turned out that the hardware capabilities of frequency converters for their use in regulating technological parameters are the same, and the parametric capabilities are different. The frequency converter of the "OWEN" company is equipped with a PI controller, and the frequency converter from "DANFOSS" is equipped with a PID controller. As the results of testing the devices show, despite 

scholarly journals Cascade frequency converters control features

2020 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
A. Vorontsov ◽  
V. Glushakov ◽  
M. Pronin ◽  
Yu. Sychev
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
In Series ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
Active Rectifiers

The structures of systems with high-voltage cascade frequency converters containing multi-winding transformers and low-voltage low-power converters connected in series at each output phase of the load are considered. Low-voltage blocks contain three-phase diode or active rectifiers, DC capacitor filters, single-phase stand-alone voltage inverters and block disconnecting devices in partial modes (in case of failure when part of the blocks are disconnected). The possibilities of operation of cascade converters are determined, equations for correcting tasks to units in partial modes are given, tables of correction of tasks with estimates of achievable load characteristics are proposed. The results of experiments on the model of a powerful installation with a cascade frequency converter are presented, confirming the possibility of ensuring the symmetry of the load currents when disconnecting part of the blocks and the asymmetry of the circuit.  

scholarly journals Modeling of high frequency high voltage of waveforms on life of enamel insulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
S. Narasimha Rao ◽  
Elanseralathan Kasinathan
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Insulation System ◽  
Twisted Pair ◽  
Insulation Failure ◽  
High Switching Frequency ◽  
Electrical Motors ◽  
Winding Insulation ◽  
Spike Waveforms

<p>In recent years it has been observed that insulation failure in electrical motors is caused by adjustable speed drives fed by power electronic converters. These converters produce impulse waveforms having a high slew rate generated by the high switching frequency of IGBTs. This paper focuses on high switching frequency stress in low voltage electrical motors for adjustable speeds. To examine the motor winding insulation under such stress twisted-pair samples were developed from enameled wires. A single-coated polyester of enamel with a thickness of 40 microns is used for this work. High-frequencies, high voltages of Square, and Square-rising, Square-spike waveforms of 10-30 kHz are used here. The test results show that the insulation fails earlier for the Square waveform compared to the Square-spike and Square-rising waveforms. In a nutshell, there is an analysis of PD formation in the insulation system at a higher switching frequency is analyzed. Electric field distributions between twisted pairs with various air gaps of the insulation system stressed by the Square and Square-rising waveforms up to 30 kHz are modeled using COMSOL software.</p>

scholarly journals Low-Voltage GaN FETs in Motor Control Application; Issues and Advantages: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6378
Author(s):  
Salvatore Musumeci ◽  
Fabio Mandrile ◽  
Vincenzo Barba ◽  
Marco Palma
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Switching Converters ◽  
Power Switching ◽  
Pure Silicon ◽  
Silicon Devices ◽  
High Switching Frequency

The efficiency and power density improvement of power switching converters play a crucial role in energy conversion. In the field of motor control, this requires an increase in the converter switching frequency together with a reduction in the switching legs’ dead time. This target turns out to be complex when using pure silicon switch technologies. Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices have appeared in the switching device arena in recent years and feature much more favorable static and dynamic characteristics compared to pure silicon devices. In the field of motion control, there is a growing use of GaN devices, especially in low voltage applications. This paper provides guidelines for designers on the optimal use of GaN FETs in motor control applications, identifying the advantages and discussing the main issues. In this work, primarily an experimental evaluation of GaN FETs in a low voltage electrical drive is carried out. The experimental investigation is obtained through two different experimental boards to highlight the switching legs’ behavior in several operative conditions and different implementations. In this evaluative approach, the main GaN FETs’ technological aspects and issues are recalled and consequently linked to motion control requirements. The device’s fast switching transients combined with reduced direct resistance contribute to decreased power losses. Thus, in GaN FETs, a high switching frequency with a strong decrease in dead time is achievable. The reduced dead time impact on power loss management and improvement of output waveforms quality is analyzed and discussed in this paper. Furthermore, input filter capacitor design matters correlated with increasing switching frequency are pointed out. Finally, the voltage transients slope effect (dv/dt) is considered and correlated with low voltage motor drives requirements.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF UNIVERSAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR H-BRIDGE MULTILEVEL CONVERTER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Chepiga ◽  
Aleksey Anuchin
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Frequency Converters ◽  
Switching Losses ◽  
Cell Topology

The medium voltage frequency converters mostly utilize the low-voltage multi-cell topology. However, available PWM techniques have some drawbacks, such as time delayed operation, which limits current loop response time, need reinitialization of the PWM carriers in case of cell failure, or have unequal distribution of losses. To solve the set of these problems the PWM strategy, which utilize PWM in a single cell with sequential cell switching, was introduced. This PWM strategy can operate in case of partial inverter failures, provides maximum available voltage to the load and has low response time due to operation at high PWM frequency of a single cell, while the average switching frequency is limited. The proposed PWM technique was examined using a model, where the switching losses distribution and high quality of the output voltage were confirmed.

A Highly Integrated GaAs-based Module for DC-DC Regulators

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000604-000610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
High Current ◽  
High Switching Frequency ◽  
Gate Driver ◽  
High Level

There is a need and desire to push low voltage point-of-load voltage regulators (POL VRs) to higher switching frequencies. The main reason for this is to increase power density. Silicon MOSFET-based solutions are rapidly approaching their technology limits and are not capable of providing multi-MHz switching frequency for high current (&gt;10A) applications. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) field effect transistors (FETs) can switch much faster, enabling cost-effective, high-current, high switching frequency POL VRs. Recent advances in GaAs technologies have enabled the demonstration of 5MHz VRs and provide a path to even higher frequency (&gt;50MHz) Power Supply in Package (PSiP) solutions. The high-speed GaAs power FETs are the “engine” to enable efficient high switching frequency POL VRs, but certain key elements must be designed appropriately to realize the desired performance. The gate driver and power path impedances must be minimized. To do this, a high level of integration is required, thus packaging is a critical element. New embedded die packaging solutions enable this high level of integration, dramatically reducing key parasitic impedances that can otherwise throttle performance, while also facilitating very compact multi-chip modules.

Comparison of Energy Indicators of the Electric Lift Drive of the Ekg-5 Excavator with Different Power Converters

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Eduard Grekov ◽  
◽  
Alexei Bezgin ◽  
Viktor Sorokin ◽  
Ildar Yamansarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Energy Indicators ◽  
Asynchronous Electric Motor

The energy indicators of the EKG-5 excavator lifting electric drive with thyristor power circuits have been determined according to the systems thyristor direct frequency converter - two-phase asynchronous electric motor, converter-DC motor and direct frequency converter - three-phase asynchronous electric motor. Losses in electric motors and converters have been determined, taking into account the specifics of their joint work in theefficiency for the excavation cycle were determined based on the results of calculating the simulation model, the initial data for which were the parameters of the excavation cycle of the lift drive of a real excavator. Distortion coefficients of the mains current were determined for two cases: during digging and during accelerated lowering of an empty bucket. For comparison, the energy indicators of the selected electric drives with a filter-compensating device were calculated. The analysis of energy indicators is made.

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