scholarly journals Route Profile Dependent Tram Regenerative Braking Algorithm with Reduced Impact on the Supply Network

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Ivan Radaš ◽  
Ivan Župan ◽  
Viktor Šunde ◽  
Željko Ban
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Braking System

Electric trams are one of the standard forms of public transport. They are characterized by large amounts of electric current and electric current gradient from the power grid, especially during acceleration. For this reason, a regenerative braking system is considered with the aim of reducing electric current peaks and increasing energy efficiency by reducing the total energy consumption of the power grid. A supercapacitor module is used as a storage device for storing and utilizing the braking energy. The supercapacitor module and the power grid constitute a hybrid energy system, for which a control algorithm has been developed. The control algorithm takes into account the influence of the elevation profile and the slope of the vehicle route in storing and using the braking energy. The operation of the algorithm was simulated and analyzed using the MATLAB/Simulink software package for tram lines with different elevation profiles.

scholarly journals HIL Simulation of a Tram Regenerative Braking System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Tomislav Pavlović ◽  
Ivan Župan ◽  
Viktor Šunde ◽  
Željko Ban
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Converter ◽  
Hil Simulation

Regenerative braking systems are an efficient way to increase the energy efficiency of electric rail vehicles. During the development phase, testing of a regenerative braking system in an electric vehicle is costly and potentially dangerous. For this reason, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is a useful technique to conduct the system’s testing in real time where the physical parts of the system are replaced by simulation models. This paper presents a HIL simulation of a tram regenerative braking system performed on a scaled model. First, offline simulations are performed using a measured speed profile in order to validate the tram, supercapacitor, and power grid model, as well as the energy control algorithm. The results are then verified in the real-time HIL simulation in which the tram and power grid are emulated using a three-phase converter and LiFePO4 batteries. The energy flow control algorithm controls a three-phase converter which enables the control of energy flow within the regenerative braking system. The results validate the simulated regenerative braking system, making it applicable for implementation in a tram vehicle.

scholarly journals A Novel Pneumatic Brake Pressure Control Algorithm for Regenerative Braking System of Electric Commercial Trucks

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 83372-83383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Pi ◽  
Qing Cheng ◽  
Boyuan Xie ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Xianhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Brake Pressure

Study of a Method for Improving the Anti-Lock Brake System of Electric Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chu ◽  
Liang Yao ◽  
Zi Liang Zhao ◽  
Wen Ruo Wei ◽  
Yong Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Threshold Control ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
The Stability

The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) of Electric Vehicle (EV) is improved in this paper. Based on the research of system structure and motor, a new method is proposed to adjust the threshold and coordinate the motor braking force with the friction braking force. So the traditional threshold control algorithm of ABS is improved for the EV. The simulation results based on the MATLAB/Simulink model indicate that the improved ABS can keep the wheels in the stability region and decrease the motor regenerative braking force as soon as possible. The balance between brake safety and energy recovery is achieved through this method.

Control Strategy and Deterministic Optimization Research for Parallel Compound Braking System

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 878-882
Author(s):  
Bing Lu ◽  
Hong Wen He ◽  
Qun Ce Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Deterministic Optimization ◽  
Braking System

Through the design way of reducing dimension, a control algorithm of the parallel compound braking is put forwarded. The flow of reducing dimension is designed, the sampling which is based on the Design of Experiment (DOE) and off-line deterministic optimization are accomplished. The reducing dimension of dual-motor coordinate coefficient is designed and the prediction model of parallel compound braking is constructed, which are based on the data of deterministic optimization. The analysis of reliability shows that the algorithm has a higher reliability and the energy recovery efficiency of the vehicle regenerative braking is improved under the condition of well braking stability.

scholarly journals Design of Hybrid Controller for PV sourced Electric Vehicle with Hybrid Energy Storage System using Regenerative braking

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage System ◽  
Braking System

Electric vehicles (EVs) enabled by high efficiency electric motors and controllers and powered by alternative energy sources provide the means for a clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly system. The power demanded by an EV is very variable. Hence HESS (Hybrid energy storage system) as an alternative source have been investigated with the objective of improving the storage of electrical energy. In these systems, two (or more) energy sources work together to create a superior device in comparison with a single source. In batteries and ultra-capacitors have complementary characteristics that make them attractive for a hybrid energy storage system. But the result of this combination is fundamentally related to how the sources are interconnect and controlled. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is the most advance technology in automobile industries but long drive range in HEV is still a problem due to limited battery life. For increasing of battery life, two methods are widely used in HEV; one is with fuzzy logic-based battery management strategy and second is through improvement in regenerative braking system. Regenerative braking system used in HEV is to give backup power in deceleration mode which not only make HEV to drive longer but also increase the battery life cycle by charging of ultra-capacitor. The present work is for controlling the source of the motor present in the EV during different driving load conditions and storage of energy by implementing regenerative braking. In the proposed control action, motor speed plays a major role in switch the energy sources in HESS. To attain the objective, another controller has been designed with four math functions corresponding to the speed of the motor termed as Math Function Based (MFB) controller. The MFB controller works based on the motor’s speed and this controller creates the closed loop operation of the overall system with smooth operation between the energy sources. Thereafter the designed MFB controller combined with a Fuzzy Logic controller applied to the entire circuit at different load conditions. In the same way, MFB with Artificial Neural Network controller also applied to the circuit. Finally, comparative analysis has been done between two controllers. The motor has been applied with 6 different types of load and simulated. The MATLAB results of MFB with FLC and MFB with ANN has been attained and compared, discussed.

Modeling of a Hybrid Energy System Integrated With an Intermittent Power Grid in Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oke ◽  
Olumide Bello ◽  
Landon Onyebueke
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Electricity in most developing countries is inefficient, erratic and unreliable. Recent research work on grid-connected hybrid system in developing countries have not considered frequent electricity outage hours per month experienced by consumers. Effort is made to address this critical factor and HOMER software was used to model an intermittent power grid integrated with a hybrid energy system. This shortcoming is addressed by assuming generator component in HOMER to run as grid. This is made possible after some modification to fuel content, minimum load capacity ratio and scheduling capacity of the generator. A city in Nigeria was used to demonstrate this approach, but it can be replicated for any location in developing countries where there is frequent electricity outage. Outcome of the model shows that integrating an intermittent power grid with a hybrid energy system offers a competitive cost of energy, reduction in noise pollution and improved use of renewable energy for electricity generation in developing countries.

A Power Management Strategy for Hybrid Photovoltaic Diesel System with Battery Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Taoufik Ben Mohamed el Harry Mhamdi ◽  
Sbita Lassad
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Power Management Strategy

This paper proposes a DC-AC-linked hybrid diesel/photovoltaic (PV)/battery storage system for stand-alone applications. PV is the primary power source. A diesel engine is used as a backup and a battery as storage device. An overall power management strategy is designed to manage power flows among the different energy sources and the storage unit. A configuration of diesel-engine generator and photovoltaic hybrid systems is evaluated based on technical constraints. A sizing of different component is established. A simulation model for the hybrid energy system has been developed. The system performance under different scenarios has been verified by carrying out studies using a load demand profile.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Hybrid Energy Storage for QZSI Inverter Applied in Induction Motor Drive

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3462-3468
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
High Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Induction Motor Drive ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage

Energy storage hybridization in electric vehicle drive is important as currently there is no single energy storage device which able to fully satisfy the power requirement of the drive operation. Electrical drive operation of electric vehicle requires a high energy storage device to achieve a longer distance, as well as high power capability for better acceleration and regenerative braking performance. Battery has long been used as a primary energy source in such application due to its high energy capacity but lack in term of providing high power during transient operation. Meanwhile, the supercapacitor is among the best storage device available in term of ability to disburse high power in short period and has a potential to be used with battery to complement the latter’s disadvantage. The paper investigates on a newly proposed method of energy storage hybridization for quasi-Z-source inverter applied in induction motor drive. Objective of the work is to mitigate the current stress on the battery by combining it with supercapacitor to form a hybrid energy storage based on the integration of bidirectional DC/DC converter to the inverter. A 5kW induction motor drive system is designed, modelled and simulated with MATLAB/Simulink environment to evaluate the performance of the field-oriented control of the drive system of the induction motor and the newly proposed method of the hybrid energy storage system during the acceleration/regenerative braking. The results verify the benefit of the new method which effectively reducing the current stress of the battery up to approximately 50% during acceleration and regenerative braking with satisfactory performance of the speed and torque control of the motor.

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