Experimental Study on Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Magnesium Chloride for Solid Fuel Production

The effect of magnesium chloride as an additive of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of lignocellulosic biomass (Pinus radiata sawdust) was studied. The HTC tests were carried out at fixed conditions of temperature and residence time of 220 °C and 1 h, respectively, and varying the dose of magnesium chloride in the range 0.0–1.0 g MgCl2/g biomass. The carbonized product (hydrochar) was tested in order to determine its calorific value (HHV) while using PARR 6100 calorimeter, mass yield by gravimetry, elemental analysis using a LECO TruSpec elemental analyzer, volatile matter content, and ash content were obtained by standardized procedures using suitable ovens for it. The results show that using a dose of 0.75 g MgCl2/g biomass results in an impact on the mass yield that was almost equal to change operating conditions from 220 to 270 °C and from 0.5 to 1 h, without additive. Likewise, the calorific value increases by 33% for this additive dose, resulting in an energy yield of 68%, thus generating a solid fuel of prominent characteristics.

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Blending Influence on the Conversion Efficiency of the Cogasification Process of Corn Stover and Coal

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/3910986 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anthony Ike Anukam ◽

Sampson Ntshengedzeni Mamphweli ◽

Polycarp Sbusiso Mabizela ◽

Edson Leroy Meyer

Keyword(s):

Computer Simulation ◽

Corn Stover ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Simulation Process ◽

Proximate And Ultimate Analyses

Characterizations of biomass and coal were undertaken in order to compare their properties and determine the combustion characteristics of both feedstocks. The study was also intended to establish whether the biomass (corn stover) used for this study is a suitable feedstock for blending with coal for the purpose of cogasification based on composition and properties. Proximate and ultimate analyses as well as energy value of both samples including their blends were undertaken and results showed that corn stover is a biomass material well suited for blending with coal for the purpose of cogasification, given its high volatile matter content which was measured and found to be 75.3% and its low ash content of 3.3% including its moderate calorific value of 16.1%. The results of the compositional analyses of both pure and blended samples of corn stover and coal were used to conduct computer simulation of the cogasification processes in order to establish the best blend that would result in optimum cogasification efficiency under standard gasifier operating conditions. The final result of the cogasification simulation process indicated that 90% corn stover/10% coal resulted in a maximum efficiency of about 58% because conversion was efficiently achieved at a temperature that is intermediate to that of coal and corn stover independently.

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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Lemon Peel Waste: Preliminary Results on the Effects of Temperature during Process Water Recirculation

Applied System Innovation ◽

10.3390/asi4010019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Antonio Picone ◽

Maurizio Volpe ◽

Maria Gabriella Giustra ◽

Gaetano Di Bella ◽

Antonio Messineo

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Process Water ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Mass Yield ◽

Solid Mass ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Lemon Peel ◽

Liquid Load ◽

Depth Analysis

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising thermochemical pre-treatment to convert waste biomass into solid biofuels. However, the process yields large amounts of organic process water (PW), which must be properly disposed of or reused. In this study, the PW produced from the hydrothermal carbonization of lemon peel waste (LP) was recycled into HTC process of LP with the aim of maximize energy recovery from the aqueous phase while saving water resources and mitigating the overall environmental impact of the process. The effects of HTC temperature on the properties of solid and liquid products were investigated during PW recirculation. Experiments were carried out at three different operating temperatures (180, 220, 250 °C), fixed residence times of 60 min, and solid to liquid load of 20 wt%, on a dry basis. Hydrochars were characterized in terms of proximate analysis and higher heating values while liquid phases were analyzed in terms of pH and total organic carbon content (TOC). PW recirculation led to a solid mass yield increase and the effect was more pronounced at lower HTC temperature. The increase of solid mass yield, after recirculation steps (maximum increase of about 6% at 180 °C), also led to a significant energy yield enhancement. Results showed that PW recirculation is a viable strategy for a reduction of water consumption and further carbon recovery; moreover preliminary results encourage for an in-depth analysis of the effects of the PW recirculation for different biomasses and at various operating conditions.

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Mass yield of biochar from hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/73/2015-rae ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Velebil ◽

J. Malaťák ◽

J. Bradna

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Liquid Product ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Considerable Effect ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Mass Yield ◽

Batch Experiments

In this article, the effect of increasing dry matter content and reaction time of hydrothermal carbonization on mass yield of biochar was studied. Carbonization took place in batch experiments in a pressure vessel. Results have confirmed the assumption that the mass yield of biochar would increase with growing dry matter content in the initial solution and also with reaction time at reaction temperature of 200°C. It was found that components of the liquid product that remain in the biochar have a measurable impact on its mass yield. Mixing of the reactor proved to have a considerable effect on the mass yield as well. Biochar produced in absence of mixing had higher pore volume and higher yield. This was evident even after subtracting the equivalent liquid phase dry matter in the biochar after drying.

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Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology ◽

10.25105/jeeset.v4i2.9118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽

Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽

Listiana Satiawati ◽

Thariq Madani ◽

Teuku Ananda Rizky

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

A Value ◽

Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable, namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of 37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of 20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste, namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

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Analysis of the efficiency of a solid fuel boiler depending on the choice of combusted fuel

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015402003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 02003

Author(s):

Grzegorz Pełka ◽

Wojciech Luboń ◽

Przemysław Pachytel

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Solid Fuels ◽

The Real ◽

Residential Sector

In the municipal and residential sector in Poland, as many as 50% of households are heated by solid fuel boilers. Most often these are, unfortunately, inefficient boilers, fired with low-quality coal. This study characterizes the market of boilers for solid fuels in Poland, and also presents the main apportionment of these devices, due to the different criteria that characterize them. The current legal changes in the scope of energy and emission requirements for solid fuel boilers are also discussed. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the real efficiency of the solid fuel over-fired boiler used, depending on the fuel burned in it. The process of burning selected fuels (seasoned wood, coal and pea coal) in the boiler was preceded by tests of these fuels to determine their energy parameters, such as moisture, ash content, the share of volatile matter and calorific value. In the next step, the energy efficiency obtained by the tested solid fuel boiler during the combustion of selected solid fuels was compared. The highest efficiency was achieved during the combustion of pea coal, and the lowest was achieved during the combustion of wood. In any case, the nominal efficiency value was achieved. Solutions that could improve the quality of the combustion process in this type of boiler were proposed.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of medical wastes and lignocellulosic biomass for solid fuel production from lab-scale to pilot-scale

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.047 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 312-323 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Yafei Shen ◽

Shili Yu ◽

Shun Ge ◽

Xingming Chen ◽

Xinlei Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Medical Wastes

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The effect of thermal pre-treatment on cassava rhizome properties for utilizing as green fuel in gasification

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018101002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Punchaluck Sirinwaranon ◽

Duangduen Atong ◽

Viboon Sricharoenchaikul

Keyword(s):

Solid Fuel ◽

Petrochemical Industry ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Fuel Quality ◽

Heating Value ◽

Gasification Process ◽

Optimum Energy ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Green Fuel

Cassava rhizome (CR) was torrefied to provide superior solid fuel quality for further gasification process. The torrefaction was carried out in the absence of oxygen at 220, 240, 260, and 280°C with a fixed residence time. Solid fuel after torrefaction has a higher calorific value from that of reduced volatile matters. The optimum energy yield of torrefied CR is 88.16% at 260°C. The heating value of 20.86 MJ/kg for a torrefied product can be achieved compared to 15.37 MJ/kg for untreated CR. The subsequent gasification of torrefied CR at temperature of 800°C yielded the highest gas product of 65 wt.%. The carbon and hydrogen conversions into CO and H2 were 14.28% and 29.95%, respectively. Synthesis gas (syngas) from the conversion maintained the H2/CO ratio of around 2–2.50, which is suitable for the Fischer–Tropsch process or can be used as the feedstock for petrochemical industry.

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PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v4i2.1470 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

Erwin Junary ◽

Julham Prasetya Pane ◽

Netti Herlina

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Volatile Matter Content ◽

Temperature Variable

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels

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Chemical Properties of Charcoal Briquette with Composition Types of Gerunggang (Cratoxylon Arborescens) and Tumih (Combretocarpus Rotundatus) Wood from Tropical Peatlands

Journal of Tropical Peatlands ◽

10.52850/jtpupr.v10i2.2071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Alpian ◽

Raynold Panjaitan ◽

Adi Jaya ◽

Yanciluk ◽

Wahyu Supriyati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

National Standard ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Pioneer Plants

Charcoal briquettes can be an alternative energy and can be produced from Gerunggang and Tumih types of wood. These two types of wood are commonly found in Kalampangan Village as pioneer plants on burned peatlands. The research objective was to determine the chemical properties of charcoal briquettes produced from biomass waste from land processing without burning with several compositions of Gerunggang wood and Tumih wood. The chemical properties of charcoal briquettes refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and Standard Permen ESDM No. 047 of 2006. The results showed that all composition treatments in the ash content test, fixed carbon content and calorific value met the standards, while the test for volatile content in all treatment compositions did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000). The composition of the most potential chemical properties and following the two standards used is the composition of 100% Tumih with ash content of 7.67%, volatile matter content of 27.23%, fixed carbon of 55.00%, and heating value of 5902.18 cal/g.

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Impact of Pretreatment on Hydrothermally Carbonized Spruce

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13112984 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2984

Author(s):

Anna Partridge ◽

Ekaterina Sermyagina ◽

Esa Vakkilainen

Keyword(s):

Treated Wood ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Mass Yield ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Heating Value ◽

Lignin Extraction

Upgrading biomass waste streams can improve economics in wood industries by adding value to the process. This work considers use of a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process for the residual feedstock after lignin and hemicelluloses extraction. Batch experiments were performed at 200–240 °C temperatures and three hours residence time with an 8:1 biomass to water ratio for two feedstocks: Raw spruce and spruce after lignin extraction. The proximate analysis and heating value showed similar results for both feedstocks, indicating that the thermochemical conversion is not impacted by the removal of lignin and hemicelluloses; the pretreatment processing slightly increases the heating value of the treated feedstock, but the HTC conversion process produces a consistent upgrading trend for both the treated and untreated feedstocks. The energy yield was 9.7 percentage points higher for the treated wood on average across the range temperatures due to the higher mass yield in the treated experiments. The energy densification ratio and the mass yield were strongly correlated with reaction temperature, while the energy yield was not. Lignocellulosic composition of the solid HTC product is mainly affected by HTC treatment, the effect of lignin extraction is negligible.

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