scholarly journals Simple Design Solution for Harsh Operating Conditions: Redesign of Conveyor Transfer Station with Reverse Engineering and DEM Simulations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4008
Author(s):  
Błażej Doroszuk ◽  
Robert Król ◽  
Jarosław Wajs
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Design For Manufacturing ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Dem Simulations ◽  
Transfer Station ◽  
Transfer Stations ◽  
Dem Model ◽  
Current Operating

This paper addresses the problem of conveyor transfer station design in harsh operating conditions, aiming to identify and eliminate a failure phenomenon which interrupts aggregate supply. The analyzed transfer station is located in a Polish granite quarry. The study employs laser scanning and reverse engineering methods to map the existing transfer station and its geometry. Next, a discrete element method (DEM) model of granite aggregate has been created and used for simulating current operating conditions. The arch formation has been identified as the main reason for breakdowns. Alternative design solutions for transfer stations were tested in DEM simulations. The most uncomplicated design for manufacturing incorporated an impact plate, and a straight chute has been selected as the best solution. The study also involved identifying areas of the new station most exposed to wear phenomena. A new transfer point was implemented in the quarry and resolved the problem of blockages.

KINEMATICS OF MULTI-STAGE MATCHING GEARBOXES FOR HYDRODINAMIC TORQUE CONVERTERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Agureev Igor Evgen'evich ◽  
◽  
Sergeev Alexander Leonidovich ◽  
Trushin Nikolay Nikolaevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Torque Converter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Torque Converters ◽  
Stage Matching ◽  
External Loads ◽  
Current Operating

The study offers a design solution for online capacity adjustment of hydrodynamic torque converter powertrains. It is proposed to install a step-less speed drive or multistage matching gearbox between the engine and the torque converter to adjust the powertrain properties on the move depending on the current operating conditions. We propose the matching device arrange-ments. The solutions can be used in buses, trucks, tractors, diesel locomotives, etc. that operate in a wide range of external loads.

Reverse Engineering Using Close Range Photogrammetry for Additive Manufactured Reproduction of Egyptian Artefacts and Other Objets d’art

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kaufman ◽  
Allan E. W. Rennie ◽  
Morag Clement
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Geometric Representations ◽  
Objective Being

Photogrammetry has been in use for over one hundred and fifty years. This research considers how digital image capture using a medium range Nikon Digital SLR camera, can be transformed into 3D virtual spatial images, and together with additive manufacturing (AM) technology, geometric representations of the original artefact can be fabricated. The research has focused on the use of photogrammetry as opposed to laser scanning (LS), investigating the shift from LS use to a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera exclusively. The basic photogrammetry equipment required is discussed, with the main objective being simplicity of execution for eventual realisation of physical products. As the processing power of computers has increased and become widely available, at affordable prices, software programs have improved, so it is now possible to digitally combine multi-view photographs, taken from 360°, into 3D virtual representational images. This has now led to the possibility of 3D images being created without LS intervention. Two methods of digital data capture are employed and discussed, in acquiring up to 130 digital data images, taken from different angles using the DSLR camera together with the specific operating conditions in which to photograph the objects. Three case studies are documented, the first, a modern clay sculpture, whilst the other two are 3000 year old Egyptian clay artefacts and the objects were recreated using AM technology. It has been shown that with the use of a standard DSLR camera and computer software, 2D images can be converted into 3D virtual video replicas as well as solid, geometric representation of the originals.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF JOINTLESS TRACK ARRANGEMENT IN CURVED SECTIONS OF RADIUS LESS THAN 350 METERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
V. Tverdomed
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Track Structure ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Transverse Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
Current Operating

The traditional structure of the upper structure of the track on the main railways of Ukraine in curved sections with a radius of less than 350 m is a link structure of the track with wooden sleepers. This track design is not rational under current operating conditions. The use of a more advanced jointless track design in curves with a radius of less than 350 m is limited primarily by the condition of ensuring the transverse stability of the rail-sleeper lattice. To be able to expand the use of jointless track construction in curved sections with a radius of less than 350 m, it is necessary to know the values of the transverse forces of interaction of the structures of the upper track structure with the moving carriage. Knowing the forces of interaction, it is possible to estimate by what value the transverse stability of the rail-sleeper lattice will be provided and to make constructive decisions on its increase. The method of determination of transverse horizontal forces of interaction of track and moving carriage in curves of radius less than 350 m taking into account quasi-static compressive forces in a train is given. The reasons for these forces are related to the presence of eccentricity of the autoclutch shank in the horizontal and vertical planes. Theoretical calculations of horizontal transverse forces of interaction are carried out according to the given technique and coefficients of stability of a rail-sleeper lattice in curved sites are defined. The main conclusions concerning the possibility of operation of the jointless track structure in curved sections with a radius of 350 m and less are made.

Towards Combining Digitization Techniques in the Generation of Reverse Engineering Data Sets

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Rolls ◽  
W. ElMaraghy ◽  
H. ElMaraghy
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Error Characterization ◽  
Measuring Machine

Abstract Reverse engineering (RE), may be defined as the process of generating computer aided design models (CAD) from existing or prototype parts. The process has been used for many years in industry. It has markedly increased in implementation in the past few years, primarily due to the introduction of rapid part digitization technologies. Current industrial applications include CAD model construction from artisan geometry, such as in automotive body styling, the generation of custom fits to human surfaces, and quality control. This paper summarizes the principles of operation behind many commercially available part digitization technologies, and discusses techniques involved in part digitization using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and laser scanner. An overall error characterization of the laser scanning digitization process is presented for a particular scanner. This is followed by a discussion of the merits and considerations involved in generating combined data sets with characteristics indicative of the design intent of specific part features. Issues in facilitating the assembly, or registration, of the different types of data into a single point set are discussed.

scholarly journals Development and assessment of speed-up algorithms for the reactive CFD–DEM simulation of fluidized bed reactors

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Uglietti ◽  
Mauro Bracconi ◽  
Matteo Maestri
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Effective Algorithm ◽  
Dem Simulation ◽  
Dem Simulations ◽  
Speed Up

PA and ISAT algorithms are developed to speed-up the CFD–DEM simulations of fluidized reactors. Also, a selection procedure of the most effective algorithm according to the operating conditions is developed, enabling the simulation of lab reactors.

On Pipeline Lateral Buckling: Lessons Learned and Current Design Challenges

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil A. Maschner ◽  
Basel Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Lateral Buckling ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Applied Loading ◽  
Direct Design ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Global Buckling

The subject of lateral buckling design in recent years has by necessity become increasingly more involved as pipeline projects have moved into more difficult environments where there is a need for optimized economic solutions with assured through-life reliability. The authors have had direct design responsibility and specialist involvement with a large number of projects covering a diverse range of environments, single or PIP systems, variable product characteristics and operating conditions, external applied loading type, and geographical installation limitations. These include shallow and deep water, large thin walled and small thick walled diameter pipes, flat to undulating hard to soft seabed, variable cohesive and non-cohesive surficial soil types and various other project considerations which have impacted on the chosen design solution. The purpose of this paper will be to highlight aspects of global buckling design associated with reliable in place systems and conversely those aspects associated with integrity risks to the as-laid operational pipelines. A review of past project challenges along with a commentary as to the state of the art at the time gives an opportunity to evaluate risks and challenges being faced on current projects. Particularly, as it seeks to develop ever more cost effective designs with proven robustness but optimized safety margins for the installation and operation of HT/HP pipelines in marginal fields.

The design of an optimized portable artificial kidney system using recirculation and regeneration of dialysate

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J A Bigsby ◽  
R J Rider ◽  
G N Blount
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Artificial Kidney ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Dialysate Volume ◽  
Dialysate Temperature

This paper is intended as an overview of the research carried out at Coventry University in the design of a portable artificial kidney system. It was seen that the key to the problem was the reduction in dialysate volume, and so it was decided to develop a prototype that would utilize the regeneration and recirculation of a small volume of dialysate. A prototype system has been produced and used to simulate a dialysis session. Activated carbon was used as a sorbent for the regeneration of the dialysate, circulating in a closed loop. For the purpose of this work, the adsorption of urea was investigated as this is, volumetrically, the major solute to be removed. Peltier effect cooling was used to vary the dialysate temperature down to 2 °C, as activated carbon will adsorb greater amounts of urea at lower temperatures. A series of tests was then carried out to investigate the effect of dialysate temperature, flowrate and volume on the amount of urea that could be dialysed. From the experimental results, a model of the system was derived, which made it possible to determine the implications of different operating conditions on the overall mass and size of a portable dialysis system. The output of this model was then used to establish a design specification and produce an optimum design solution for the system.

Haptically Guided Filtering for Reverse Engineering

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Potter ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
Elaine Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Haptic Interface ◽  
Local Smoothing ◽  
Natural Interface ◽  
Guided Filtering ◽  
Sharp Edges

Reverse engineering of mechanical systems often begins with large datasets produced from laser scanning of physical artifacts. Commonly it is necessary to remove noise and filter them; however, selecting noisy regions and preserving sharp edges on desired features is difficult using standard GUI interfaces. We demonstrate a haptic interface for marking and preserving features in noisy data and for performing local smoothing operations. The force-feedback provides a natural interface for these operations.

Weld Contour Measurement of Fillet Weld by Reverse Engineering Technique

Volume 3 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Lung Chang ◽  
Yen-Hung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fillet Weld ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Engineering Technique

The external geometry of the fillet weld plays an important role in the strength of the weld. Two factors that influence the external geometry of the fillet weld are weld size and profile. The fillet weld must be made to the weld size and profile as specified in the welding code. Unacceptable profile not only is a defect of the weld but also produces stress risers that reduce the fatigue strength. Insufficient weld that reduces the cross sectional area of weld throat may cause premature failure. Visual inspection and weld gages are two most widely used simple tools to provide a rapid assessment of the external geometry of the fillet weld. In this study, the reverse engineering technique, which a laser scanning system integrates with CAD software, is used to provide a more accurate measurement of the weld contour. The weld samples were made of low-carbon steel plates with T-joint using CO2 welding. The weld volume, weld size and convexity were determined from CAD model to evaluate the weld quality. The reverse engineering technique provides a more accurate and efficient method to inspect the external geometry of fillet weld.

Experimental Evaluation of Blasting Near Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Gossard ◽  
Steven A. Waters ◽  
Shane Finneran
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
Test Segment

Construction blasting was proposed as a technique to create a trench for a new pipeline within the right-of-way (ROW) of an existing vintage pipeline where soil conditions consisted primarily of rock. Several field experiments were conducted to assess the potential loading conditions that the vintage pipeline could experience due to various blasting configurations as part of the nearby construction process. Two test pipe segments were constructed from segments removed from the vintage pipeline for use in these experiments. Each test segment contained two vintage bell-bell chill ring girth welds (GW) and were pressurized to operating conditions of the vintage pipeline for the duration of all blasting. Groups of eight resistive strain gages were bonded around the exterior surface of three distinct locations on each test segment. The three locations include one pipe body location and each of the two welds on each segment. Four separate experiments were conducted with each experiment focusing on a unique combination of trench backfill material, compaction level and separation distance from the test pipe segments and the explosive charges. The primary objective throughout these four experiments was to monitor and record the behavior of buried test pipe sections due to nearby blasting activities. Long range 3-dimentional (3D) laser scanning equipment was used to track movement of each test segment from test to test. High-speed video equipment was also employed to capture each blast. The high-speed video provided additional details on the blast energy transfer, verification of individual charge initiation as well as pipeline test segment movement where each pipeline segment was exposed. Peak particle velocity measurements were taken during each test blast. Strain data collected during each test was used to assess potential damage to the vintage pipeline test segments as a result of blasting. The combined information collected from the in-field testing showed that elevated strains and stresses may be observed during blasting activities near pipelines.

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