scholarly journals The Environment of Birthplace and Self-Reported Mental Health Conditions: Findings from the American Panel of Life

Epidemiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Hans Oh ◽  
Jessica Goehring ◽  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Lee Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Large Urban Area ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Specific Disorders

Studies from around the globe have found that urbanicity is associated with greater risk for certain psychiatric disorders, though the association has been less evident in the United States. We analyzed data collected in 2019 from the RAND American Life Panel (n = 2554), which were representative of the general adult population of the United States. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the associations between environment of birthplace (large urban, small urban, suburban, rural) and psychiatric disorders, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. We found that being born in a large urban area was associated with greater odds of having any psychiatric disorder when compared with being born in a rural area. However, when looking at specific disorders, we found that being born in a large urban area was only significantly associated greater odds of anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but was not associated with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or alcohol/substance use disorder. Being born in a small urban area was marginally associated with anxiety disorder. Future studies should examine why urban birthplace has only been associated with anxiety disorders and PTSD in the United States, and why urbanicity is associated with mood disorders in other parts of the world but not in the United States.

Cigarette Smoking Prevalence Among Adults With HIV Compared With the General Adult Population in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rennatus Mdodo ◽  
Emma L. Frazier ◽  
Shanta R. Dube ◽  
Christine L. Mattson ◽  
Madeline Y. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals Vaccination Rates among the General Adult Population and High-Risk Groups in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e50553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Annunziata ◽  
Aaron Rak ◽  
Heather Del Buono ◽  
Marco DiBonaventura ◽  
Girishanthy Krishnarajah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
General Adult Population

scholarly journals Alcohol Use as a Function of Physical Activity and Golfing Motives in a National Sample of United States Golfers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Jimikaye Courtney ◽  
Eric Handley ◽  
Sherry Pagoto ◽  
Michael Russell ◽  
David E. Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
The U.S

Alcohol and physical inactivity are risk factors for a variety of cancer types. However, alcohol use often co-occurs with physical activity (PA), which could mitigate the cancer-prevention benefits of PA. Alcohol is integrated into the culture of one of the most popular physical activities for adults in the United States (U.S.), golf. This study examined how alcohol use was associated with total PA, golf-specific PA, and motives for golfing in a national sample of golfers in the U.S. Adult golfers (n = 338; 51% male, 81% White, 46 ± 14.4 years) self-reported alcohol use, golfing behavior and motives, and PA. Most (84%) golfers consumed alcohol, averaging 7.91 servings/week. Golf participation, including days/week, holes/week, and practice hours/week, was not associated with alcohol use. Golfers with stronger social motives were 60% more likely to consume alcohol. Weekly walking (incident risk ratio (IRR) = 7.30), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; IRR = 5.04), and total PA (IRR = 4.14) were associated with more alcohol servings/week. Golfers’ alcohol use may be higher than the general adult population in the U.S. and contributes 775 extra kilocalories/week, a surplus that may offset PA-related energy expenditure and cancer-protective effects. Alcohol use interventions targeting golfers may facilitate weight loss and reduce cancer risk, especially for golfers motivated by social status.

scholarly journals Burden of cardiorenal disease in the United States general adult population

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cataliotti ◽  
Margaret M. Redfield ◽  
Richard J. Rodeheffer ◽  
Denise M. Heublein ◽  
Sharon M. Sandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Adult Population

Adverse Medication Events Related to Hospitalization in the United States: A Comparison Between Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Those Without

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Erickson ◽  
Neil Kamdar ◽  
Chung-Hsuen Wu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
National Inpatient Sample ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
General Adult Population

Abstract This study examined the proportion of hospitalizations associated with adverse medication events (AMEs) for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) and adults from the general population in the United States using the 2013 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Adults with IDD had greater odds of having a hospitalization associated with an AME than the general adult population. Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for hospitalization due to any medication for IDD was 2.47 (2.31–2.65). In the multivariate logistic regression model, IDD was significantly associated, with an odds ratio of 1.28 (1.19–1.38). Adults who have IDD are at greater risk of having a hospital admission due to an AME.

Can increases in Twitter posts predict increases in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States? Evidence that social media can inform epidemic surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Sun ◽  
Henna Budhwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Though public health systems are responding rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes from publicly available, crowd-sourced big data may assist in helping to identify hot spots, prioritize equipment allocation and staffing, while also informing health policy related to “shelter in place” and social distancing recommendations. OBJECTIVE To assess if the rising state-level prevalence of COVID-19 related posts on Twitter (tweets) is predictive of state-level cumulative COVID-19 incidence after controlling for socio-economic characteristics. METHODS We identified extracted COVID-19 related tweets from January 21st to March 7th (2020) across all 50 states (N = 7,427,057). Tweets were combined with state-level characteristics and confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the association between public commentary and cumulative incidence. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases varied significantly across states. Ratio of tweet increase (p=0.03), number of physicians per 1,000 population (p=0.01), education attainment (p=0.006), income per capita (p = 0.002), and percentage of adult population (p=0.003) were positively associated with cumulative incidence. Ratio of tweet increase was significantly associated with the logarithmic of cumulative incidence (p=0.06) with a coefficient of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of state-level tweets was predictive of an increase in COVID-19 diagnoses, providing evidence that Twitter can be a valuable surveillance tool for public health.

The economic burden of vertigo and dizziness in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Ruthberg ◽  
Chandruganesh Rasendran ◽  
Armine Kocharyan ◽  
Sarah E. Mowry ◽  
Todd D. Otteson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Limited Information

BACKGROUND: Vertigo and dizziness are extremely common conditions in the adult population and therefore place a significant social and economic burden on both patients and the healthcare system. However, limited information is available for the economic burden of vertigo and dizziness across various health care settings. OBJECTIVE: Estimate the economic burden of vertigo and dizziness, controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical comorbidities. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data from the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (2007–2015) was performed to analyze individuals with vertigo or dizziness from a nationally representative sample of the United States. Participants were included via self-reported data and International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision Clinical Modification codes. A cross-validated 2-component generalized linear model was utilized to assess vertigo and dizziness expenditures across demographic, socioeconomic and clinical characteristics while controlling for covariates. Costs and utilization across various health care service sectors, including inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, home health, and prescription medications were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 221,273 patients over 18 years, 5,275 (66% female, 34% male) reported either vertigo or dizziness during 2007–2015. More patients with vertigo or dizziness were female, older, non-Hispanic Caucasian, publicly insured, and had significant clinical comorbidities compared to patients without either condition. Furthermore, each of these demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics lead to significantly elevated costs due to having these conditions for patients. Significantly higher medical expenditures and utilization across various healthcare sectors were associated with vertigo or dizziness (p <  0.001). The mean incremental annual healthcare expenditure directly associated with vertigo or dizziness was $2,658.73 (95% CI: 1868.79, 3385.66) after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Total annual medical expenditures for patients with dizziness or vertigo was $48.1 billion. CONCLUSION: Vertigo and dizziness lead to substantial expenses for patients across various healthcare settings. Determining how to limit costs and improve the delivery of care for these patients is of the utmost importance given the severe morbidity, disruption to daily living, and major socioeconomic burden associated with these conditions.

scholarly journals Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah B. Elam ◽  
Stephanie M. Perez ◽  
Jennifer J. Donegan ◽  
Daniel J. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dopamine Neuron ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Neuron Population ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Novel Approach

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition affecting approximately 8% of the United States population and 20% of United States combat veterans. In addition to core symptoms of the disorder, up to 64% of individuals diagnosed with PTSD experience comorbid psychosis. Previous research has demonstrated a positive correlation between symptoms of psychosis and increases in dopamine transmission. We have recently demonstrated projections from the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) can regulate dopamine neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Specifically, inactivation of the PVT leads to a reversal of aberrant dopamine system function and psychosis-like behavior. The PVT receives dense innervation from orexin containing neurons, therefore, targeting orexin receptors may be a novel approach to restore dopamine neuron activity and alleviate PTSD-associated psychosis. In this study, we induced stress-related pathophysiology in male Sprague Dawley rats using an inescapable foot-shock procedure. We observed a significant increase in VTA dopamine neuron population activity, deficits in sensorimotor gating, and hyperresponsivity to psychomotor stimulants. Administration of selective orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) antagonists (SB334867 and EMPA, respectively) or the FDA-approved, dual-orexin receptor antagonist, Suvorexant, were found to reverse stress-induced increases in dopamine neuron population activity. However, only Suvorexant and SB334867 were able to reverse deficits in behavioral corelates of psychosis. These results suggest that the orexin system may be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of comorbid psychosis related to PTSD.

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