scholarly journals Response of Nitrogen Metabolism in Masson Pine Needles to Elevated CO2

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Fan Wu ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Xingfeng Hu ◽  
Bingzhang Zou ◽  
Nengqing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Masson Pine

To explore the response of nitrogen metabolism in Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) to high CO2 concentrations, needles from one-year-old seedlings were used as materials to detect key enzyme activities, gene expression and different forms of nitrogen metabolites after CO2 stress for different durations (0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). The results show that elevated CO2 affected the efficiency of nitrogen metabolism in Masson pine needles, inhibiting the expression of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including glutamate synthase (GOGAT), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthase (GS), nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and decreasing the activities of GOGAT, NiR, and GS. The decrease in enzyme activities and gene expression caused a decrease in different forms of nitrogen metabolites, including total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrite and specific amino acids. With prolonged stress, the nitrate content increased first and then decreased. In this study, the response pattern of nitrogen metabolism to CO2 stress in Masson pine needles was described, which may aid future research on nitrogen utilization in Masson pine.

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Exogenous Spermidine on Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings Exposed to Saline-alkaline Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Hu ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Zhi-Rong Zou ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

We studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism in two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that have differential sensitivity to mixed salinity-alkalinity stress: ‘Jinpeng Chaoguan’ (salt-tolerant) and ‘Zhongza No. 9’ (salt-sensitive). Seedling growth of both tomato cultivars was inhibited by salinity-alkalinity stress, but Spd treatment alleviated the growth reduction to some extent, especially in ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Exogenous Spd may help reduce stress-induced increases in free amino acids, ammonium (NH4+) contents, and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activities; depress stress-induced decreases in soluble protein and nitrate content; and depress nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities, especially for ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Based on our results, we suggest that exogenous Spd promotes the assimilation of excess toxic NH4+ by coordinating and strengthening the synergistic action of NADH-GDH, GS/NADH-GOGAT, and transamination pathways, all during saline-alkaline stress. Subsequently, NH4+ and its related enzymes (GDH, GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT), in vivo, are maintained in a proper and balanced state to enable mitigation of stress-resulted damages. These results suggest that exogenous Spd treatment can relieve nitrogen metabolic disturbances caused by salinity-alkalinity stress and eventually promote plant growth.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Analysis of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) under High CO2 Stress

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Wu ◽  
Xiaobo Sun ◽  
Bingzhang Zou ◽  
Peihuang Zhu ◽  
Nengqing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Light Reaction ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
High Co2

To explore the molecular mechanism of the response of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), the main coniferous tree in southern China, to high CO2 stress, transcriptome sequencing was carried out to analyze the genome-wide responses of annual seedlings under different durations (0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h) of high CO2 stress. The results showed that a total of 3080/1908, 3110/2115 and 2684/1483 genes were up-/down-regulated after 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of treatment, respectively, compared with control check group (CK, 0 h). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that most of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in energy metabolism, carbohydrate synthesis, cell wall precursor synthesis and hormone regulation pathways. For energy metabolism, the expression of most genes involved in photosynthesis (including the light reaction and Calvin cycle) was generally inhibited, while the expression of genes related glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and PPP pathway was up-regulated. In addition, the increase in the CO2 concentration induced the up-regulation of gene expression in the sucrose synthesis pathway. Among all starch synthesis genes, GBSS (granule-bound starch synthase) had the highest expression level. On the other hand, during the synthesis of hemicellulose and pectin (cell wall precursor substances), the expression levels of GMD (GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase), MGP (Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyl transferase) and RHM (Rhamnose biosynthetic enzyme) were the highest, suggesting that the synthesis of the raw materials hemicellulose and pectin in Masson pine under stress were mainly supplied by GDP-Man, GDP-Fuc and UDP-Rha. Finally, stress inhibited gene expression in the ABA (Abscisic Acid) synthesis pathway and induced gene expression in the GA (Gibberellin), SA (Salicylic acid), BR(Brassinolide) and MeJA (Methyl Jasmonate) pathways. Stomatal switches were regulated by hormonal interactions. This experiment elaborated on the response and molecular mechanism of Masson pine to CO2 stress and aided in screening carbon sequestration genes for the corresponding molecular research of Masson pine in the future.

Effects of Nano-Devices on Growth, Quality and Activities of Enzymes in Nitrogen Metabolism of Hydroponic Lettuce

2014 ◽  
Vol 609-610 ◽  
pp. 1453-1458
Author(s):  
Gui Lian Li ◽  
Ri Yuan Chen ◽  
Hou Cheng Liu ◽  
Shi Wei Song ◽  
Guang Wen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Glutamine Synthase ◽  
Growth Quality

To improve yield and quality of lettuce in hydroponic, the growth, quality and activities of enzymes in nitrogen metabolism of lettuce in hydroponics were studied with nanodevices. The results showed that the nitrate reductase activities (NRA) in plants with nanodevices were significantly higher than the control at 16rd day after transplanting (DAT). On the 25th DAT, the shoot fresh weight of lettuce treated with 5.6cm2/L nanodevices was 17.8% higher than the control, while there was no difference in dry weights of shoot among different treatments. The NRA of lettuce increased gradually with the amount of nanodevices increasing from 0 cm2/L to 5.6 cm2/L, then decreased with nanodevices amount increasing. There was no obvious difference in the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) among different treatments,while glutamine synthase (GS) activity was enhanced with the increasing of nanodevices amount. On the 34th DAT, the shoot fresh weight of lettuce treated by 5.6cm2/L nanodevices was 11.2% higher than the control. The activities of NR and GS treated by 11.2cm2/L increased 39.7%, 97.7%, respectively compared with CK, while the activities of GDH and GOGAT treated by 5.6cm2/L increased 89.0%, 77.3%, respectively. In treatment with 5.6 cm2/L nanodevices in nutrient solution, the contents of soluble protein, flavonoid, soluble phenolic and ascorbic acid (VC) in lettuce increased 92.8%, 19.8%, 36.7% and 61.5%, respectively.The nitrate content in lettuce significantly increased with the using of nanodevices, but did not exceed the national standard. In conclusion, the yield and quality of hydroponic lettuce were improved by nanodevices, and the activities of enzymes in nitrogen metabolism were enhanced, especially at 25th and 34th DAT and best dosage of nanodevices is 5.6 cm2/L.

Effects of pH stress on antioxidant system enzyme activities and gene expression of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun WANG ◽  
Jian LI ◽  
Jitao LI ◽  
Yuying HE ◽  
Zhiqiang CHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fenneropenaeus Chinensis ◽  
Ph Stress ◽  
Effects Of Ph

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

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