scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Creep of Wood–Plastic Composites

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Li Feng ◽  
Weiren Xie
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Creep Strain ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method

Wood–plastic composite (WPC) materials are mainly used as flooring in buildings or as structural load-bearing plates, and will undergo creep deformation during use, resulting in structural failure and safety problems. Therefore, this work adopted the orthogonal test method to carry out creep tests on wood–plastic composites. We used the range method and variance analysis method to process the creep data and analyze the influence of the load, temperature, and relative humidity on the creep strain in specimens of wood–plastic composites. The results showed that the creep strain of the WPC specimens changed significantly with a change in the load stress, while a change in relative humidity had no significant effect on the creep strain. When the relative humidity was increased from 55% to 65%, the creep strain increased by 0.03%, but when the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 35 °C, there was no significant difference in the creep strain. However, when the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 40 °C and from 35 °C to 40 °C, a significant difference in the creep strain of the WPC specimens was observed.

Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Wood-Plastic Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossi Martikka ◽  
Timo Kärki ◽  
Qing Ling Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
3D Printed

3D printing has rapidly become popular in both industry and private use. Especially fused deposition modeling has increased its popularity due to its relatively low cost. The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge in the mechanical properties of parts made of wood-plastic composite materials by using 3D printing. The tensile properties and impact strength of two 3D-printed commercial wood-plastic composite materials are studied and compared to those made of pure polylactic acid. Relative to weight –mechanical properties and the effect of the amount of fill on the properties are also determined. The results indicate that parts made of wood-plastic composites have notably lower tensile strength and impact strength that those made of pure polylactic acid. The mechanical properties can be considered sufficient for low-stress applications, such as visualization of prototypes and models or decorative items.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Sedimentation Characteristics of Ultrafine Tailings Based on an Orthogonal Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chang-hong Li ◽  
Yue-qi Shi ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Ning Guo
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Polyaluminum Chloride ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Object A ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method ◽  
Polyferric Sulfate

Due to continuous improvements in the beneficiation process, the size of tailings has decreased. In many mines, more than 50% of the total tailings are finer than 74 μm. Ultrafine tailings exhibit a slow settling velocity and uneven settling, which pose new challenges to the safety and stability of tailings dams. In this paper, ultrafine iron tailings from the Makeng Iron Mine in Longyan City, Fujian Province, were used as the research object. A four-factor, three-level orthogonal test method was used to study the sedimentation characteristics of ultrafine tailings with four common curing agent materials, including polyacrylamide, polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate, and polyferric sulfate. The results show that when the pulp concentration is 30%, the polyacrylamide is cationic and the molecular weight is 10 million, the optimal content of the flocculant is 3‰, the optimum dose of the polyaluminum chloride with a content of 28 is 0.1‰, the optimum dose of polyaluminum sulfate is 1‰, and the optimum dose of polymeric ferric sulfate is 1‰. When the flocculant is mixed according to the proportion of 2‰ polyacrylamide, 0.05‰ polyaluminum chloride, 1‰ polyaluminum sulfate, and 1.0‰ polyferric sulfate, the sedimentation speed of the ultrafine tailings is fast, and the supernatant liquid is clear. The results of multivariate nonlinear regression analysis of the sedimentation curve show that the primary and secondary factors affecting sedimentation are polyacrylamide > polyaluminum sulfate > polyaluminum chloride > polyferric sulfate. When the optimal ratio is applied, the cohesion (c) of ultrafine tailings increases from 27 kPa to 68.75 kPa and the internal friction angle (φ) increases from 25.53° to 27.53°, which shows that the shear strength improves and the stability of the tailings dam increases. The economic analysis of the composite flocculant with the optimal ratio shows that the flocculant with the optimal proportion has an obvious economic advantage over polyacrylamide alone.

Analysis of the Sensitivity of Impact Factors on the Stability of Expansion Freeway Slope

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 1830-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Chuan Luo ◽  
Zhong Ming He ◽  
Xin Tong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Slope Angle ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Method Analysis

By analysis its own characteristics of Reconstruction and Extension freeway slope, summary and presents the main factors affecting slope stability; then use orthogonal test method, analysis the result by Range Method, it indicated that the sensibility of impact factors on the Stability of Reconstruction and Extension Freeway Slope was in the following order: the slope angle after excavation, cohesion, weight of soil layer, internal friction angle, the slope angle before excavation, Cable length, Cable spacing.

scholarly journals Plasma Treatment of Polypropylene-Based Wood–Plastic Composites (WPC): Influences of Working Gas

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1933
Author(s):  
Philipp Sauerbier ◽  
Robert Köhler ◽  
Gerrit Renner ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Wood Content ◽  
Measurement Artifacts

In this study, a polypropylene (PP)-based wood–plastic composite with maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent and a wood content of 60% was extruded and specimens were injection molded. The samples were plasma treated utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) setup with three different working gases: Ar/O2 (90%/10%), Ar/N2 (90%/10%), and synthetic air. This process aims to improve the coating and gluing properties of the otherwise challenging apolar surface of PP based wood–plastic composites (WPC). Chemical analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the formation of oxygen-based functional groups on the surface, independently from the working gas used for the treatment. Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) examined the surface roughness and revealed that the two argon-containing working gases roughened the surface more than synthetic air. However, the contact angle for water was reduced significantly after treatment, revealing measurement artifacts for water and diiodomethane due to the severe changes in surface morphology. The adhesion of acrylic dispersion coating was significantly increased, resulting in a pull-off strength of approximately 4 N/mm2, and cross-cut tests assigned the best adhesion class (0), on a scale from 0 to 5, after plasma treatment with any working gas.

Mechanical Properties of Acrylate-Styrene-Acrylonitrile/Bagasse Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornsri Pakeyangkoon ◽  
Benjawan Ploydee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Styrene Acrylonitrile

Mechanical properties of wood plastic composite, prepared from acrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile (ASA) and bagasse, were investigated. In this study, 10 to 50 phr of bagasse were used in order to obtain the wood plastic composite with superior mechanical properties. The wood plastic composites in the study were prepared by melt-blending technique. All materials were mixed by using a two-roll-mill, shaped into sheets by a compression molding machine and the specimens were cut with a cutting machine. Youngs modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength and hardness of the wood plastic composites were investigated and found to improve with increasing bagasse content. However, some composite properties, i.e., impact strength, was decreased by adding the bagasse and then become steady when the amount of bagasse added was more than 30 phr. It was concluded that wood plastic composites with the desirable mechanical properties can be formulated using ASA as the matrix polymer and 50 phr of bagasse.

Sandwiched Wood-Plastic Composites with Flame-Retardant Skin

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Wen Lei ◽  
Hong Ming Ma ◽  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
The Core ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites

In order to improve the flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites,a new sandwiched composite is introduced in this paper with basic magnesium sulfated whisker(MOS) filled high density polyethylene(HDPE) as skin and wood flour filled HDPE as core.The oxygen index of the skin and the mechanical properties of the whole sandwiched composite are investigated. The results show that, the flame retardancy of the skin will be improved siginicantly when much MOS is used,and the skin containing 40wt% MOS has an oxygen index of 25.6%,in addition,the sandwiched composite in which both the mass contents of MOS in the skin and wood flour in the core are 40% has better mechanical properties than the traditional wood plastic composite(WPC) without any skin,and the sandwiched WPC is more fatigue-resistant.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Water Absorption Analysis between Counterrotating and Corotating Twin-Screw Extruders with Different Antioxidants Content in Wood Plastic Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafizuddin Ab Ghani ◽  
Sahrim Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Twin Screw Extruders ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Screw Extruders

Water absorption is a major concern for natural fibers as reinforcement in wood plastic composites (WPCs). This paper presents a study on the comparison analysis of water absorption between two types of twin-screw extruders, namely, counterrotating and corotating with presence of variable antioxidants content. Composites of mixed fibres between rice husk and saw dust with recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) were prepared with two different extruder machines, namely, counterrotating and corotating twin screw, respectively. The contents of matrix (30 wt%) and fibres (62 wt%) were mixed with additives (8 wt%) and compounded using compounder before extruded using both of the machines. Samples were immersed in distilled water according to ASTM D 570-98. From the study, results indicated a significant difference among samples extruded by counterrotating and corotating twin-screw extruders. The counterrotating twin-screw extruder gives the smallest value of water absorption compared to corotating twin-screw extruder. This indicates that the types of screw play an important role in water uptake by improving the adhesion between natural fillers and the polymer matrix.

scholarly journals The Effect of 3D Printing Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2133 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
Jiangmin Xu ◽  
Fan Xu ◽  
Ge Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Compressive Property ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molded Part ◽  
Orthogonal Test Method

Abstract Taking the PLA molded by FDM as the research object, the influence of various process parameters on mechanical properties is investigated through comparative experiments, which provides reference and help for the promotion and application of FDM molding technology. During the molding process, the PLA material undergoes the process of melting to solidification, thus the performance of the molded part is worse than the original due to thermal shrinkage and other reasons. To improve the quality and mechanical properties of the molded parts, the experiment is designed using an orthogonal test method in parallel with nine different sets of process parameters (layer thickness, build direction, filling speed, and infill density, etc.). Ultimately, the mechanical properties of PLA are tested and the results are analyzed respectively to determine the main factors affecting the mechanical properties and their optimal level combination. Among them, fill rate is the crucial factor in compressive property, while build direction has a significant effect on surface roughness, tensile property and bending property.

Research on Tensile Strength in the Ultrasonic Welding Joint of T-Type Wood-Plastic Composites Components

2012 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Yi Long Zhou ◽  
Hong Yuan Zhu ◽  
Sheng Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Ultrasonic Welding ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultrasonic welding technology is applied to the connection of T-type wood-plastic composites components to study its performance. The wood-plastic composite materials are made up of 60% wood-flour (WF), 36% polypropylene (PP) and 4% maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP). Tensile strength of the welded joint, which oscillation time is 4 seconds, is analyzed based on experimental data. Welded joint is observed by scanning electron microscope and its connection status is analyzed. Experiment results show that ultrasonic welding technology can be applied to T-type wood-plastic composites component, which has enough tensile strength.

Investigation of maleic anhydride effect on wood plastic composites behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 1955-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khamedi ◽  
M Hajikhani ◽  
K Ahmaditabar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Composite Samples

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maleic anhydride on mechanical properties of wood plastic composites using acoustic emission monitoring and wavelet analysis. Wood plastic composite samples were prepared by combining olive wood sawdust as reinforcing material with volume fraction of 40 wt% up to 60 wt% with polyethylene as matrix phase. Maleic anhydride with weight ratio of 1 to 3% as a coupling agent and stearic acid with weight ratio of 1% as a lubricant agent were used in all the compounds. Wood plastic composite samples were manufactured using extrusion and injection molding process in accordance with ASTM D638. Once specimens were produced, tensile tests were carried out in order to characterize their tensile properties. Results demonstrated that wood plastic composite sample containing 40 wt% sawdust and 3 wt% maleic anhydride possesses highest tensile strength. This experimental work established the criteria for the lower amount of reinforcement material and higher amount of compatibilization agent in improving mechanical properties. Failure micro-mechanisms were characterized by wavelet analysis of acoustic emission data. Ultimately, the experimental tests were proved by the scanning electron microscope observations.

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