scholarly journals A Key for the Microhistological Determination of Plant Fragments Consumed by Carpathian Forest Cervids

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
Alexandra Veselovská ◽  
Peter Smolko ◽  
Rudolf Kropil
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Crystalline Inclusions ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Seeds And Fruits

We present a microhistological key for identification of plant fragments consumed and partially digested by free-roaming, forest cervids based on collection of 92 plant species representing forage availability of the Western Carpathian forests. The key represents a determination tool to facilitate microhistological analyses of faecal and ruminal material. We summarized, integrated, and developed current knowledge on microstructures of plants consumed by Cervidae using specific diagnostic features of plant fragments including type, shape, orientation, and arrangement of cells and stomata, type of venation, presence, and type of trichomes and crystalline inclusions. Since most plant species of the same taxa show common patterns in morphology of the different epidermal traits, we categorized collected material into seven functional botanical groups, i.e., grasses and sedges, herbs and leaves of broadleaved trees, needles, ferns and mosses, seeds and fruits, and genera Rubus, Rosa, Vaccinium. The key is consistent with classifications used in the majority of studies on diet of wild cervids and is supported with photographs of the main diagnostics features. The key has the potential to decrease amount of time needed for processing of the reference material, and to improve consistency between users studying feeding behaviour of forest cervids in central Europe.

scholarly journals Forage Availability and Quality, and Feeding Behaviour of Indigenous Goats Grazing in a Mediterranean Silvopastoral System

Ruminants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Youssef Chebli ◽  
Samira El Otmani ◽  
Jean-Luc Hornick ◽  
Abdelhafid Keli ◽  
Jérôme Bindelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Indigenous Goats

The aim of this study was to study the feeding behaviour of indigenous goats and the selection drivers of different plant species in a Mediterranean forest rangeland. To achieve this goal, the seasonal variations in terms of forage availability and quality of ingested plant species were studied during three grazing seasons. In the same period, eight indigenous goats of Beni Arouss breed were selected to explore the seasonal changes in their browsing behaviour. Forage quality was determined by the hand-plucking technique. The results showed a wide seasonal variation in forage availability and quality, and feeding behaviour. Woody species were more selected independently of the season (p < 0.001). The crude protein content varied from 53.3 g/kg of dry mater (DM) for Erica arborea in summer to 197 g/kg DM for Calicotome villosa in autumn (p < 0.001). Despite the high condensed tannins content in selected shrubs, they were highly consumed. In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) had recorded the highest contents in herbaceous during spring. Shrubs and trees contain the lowest levels of IVOMD (<500 g/kg) and ME (<7.2 MJ/kg) during autumn and summer. It is concluded that seasonal changes in forage availability and quality did not necessarily affect the indigenous goats’ preference. These findings could help goat herders to develop feeding and grazing systems while increasing the performance of goats in the Mediterranean silvopastoral system.

scholarly journals Cancer of Unknown Primary: Challenges and Progress in Clinical Management

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Noemi Laprovitera ◽  
Mattia Riefolo ◽  
Elisa Ambrosini ◽  
Christiane Klec ◽  
Martin Pichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Cancer Of Unknown Primary ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Tissue Of Origin ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Aggressive Clinical Behavior

Distant metastases are the main cause of cancer-related deaths in patients with advanced tumors. A standard diagnostic workup usually contains the identification of the tissue-of-origin of metastatic tumors, although under certain circumstances, it remains elusive. This disease setting is defined as cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, CUPs are characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior and represent a real therapeutic challenge. The lack of determination of a tissue of origin precludes CUP patients from specific evidence-based therapeutic options or access to clinical trial, which significantly impacts their life expectancy. In the era of precision medicine, it is essential to characterize CUP molecular features, including the expression profile of non-coding RNAs, to improve our understanding of CUP biology and identify novel therapeutic strategies. This review article sheds light on this enigmatic disease by summarizing the current knowledge on CUPs focusing on recent discoveries and emerging diagnostic strategies.

scholarly journals Plant Species of Sub-Family Valerianaceae—A Review on Its Effect on the Central Nervous System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Gitishree Das ◽  
Han-Seung Shin ◽  
Rosa Tundis ◽  
Sandra Gonçalves ◽  
Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Food Species ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Valerianaceae, the sub-family of Caprifoliaceae, contains more than 300 species of annual and perennial herbs, worldwide distributed. Several species are used for their biological properties while some are used as food. Species from the genus Valeriana have been used for their antispasmodic, relaxing, and sedative properties, which have been mainly attributed to the presence of valepotriates, borneol derivatives, and isovalerenic acid. Among this genus, the most common and employed species is Valerianaofficinalis. Although valerian has been traditionally used as a mild sedative, research results are still controversial regarding the role of the different active compounds, the herbal preparations, and the dosage used. The present review is designed to summarize and critically describe the current knowledge on the different plant species belonging to Valerianaceae, their phytochemicals, their uses in the treatment of different diseases with particular emphasis on the effects on the central nervous system. The available information on this sub-family was collected from scientific databases up until year 2020. The following electronic databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used for this review included Valerianaceae, Valeriana, Centranthus, Fedia, Patrinia, Nardostachys, Plectritis, and Valerianella, phytochemical composition, in vivo studies, Central Nervous System, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antinociceptive, anxiolytic, anxiety, preclinical and clinical studies.

scholarly journals On the flora of honey plants of the Northern and Northwestern Altai regions within the Altai Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kopytina ◽  
Galina Nenasheva ◽  
Marya Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Floristic Richness ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
North Western

The revision of honey plants in the regions’ floras and nature objects is regularly made for estimation of melliferous capacity of the territory. The article is devoted to the investigation of the melliferous flora of Northern and North-Western Altai in the area of Altai Territory. The goal of the research was to reveal the botanical composition of authentic honeys. The representativeness of melliferous species among common floristic richness in the studied districts is the following: in Altaiskiy − 56.49 %, Smolenskiy − 60.17 %, Soloneshenskiy − 53.61 %, Charyshskiy − 44.57 %. The examples of the botanical content of samples typical for each of these districts have been shown. In the angelica (djagilevyj) honey from Altajskiy district the maximum content of pollen belongs to the representatives from Apiaceae family 78.86 %. For the angelica (djagilevyj) honeys from surveyed districts the high content of pollen from the families Asteracerae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae are typical with different percentage in the samples. The article provides information on examples of wild-growing plant species including relicts, potential melliferous which pollen can be used as “marker” for determination of honey as Altai-origin.

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3797
Author(s):  
Marta Olech ◽  
Wojciech Ziemichód ◽  
Natalia Nowacka-Jechalke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Tormentic Acid

This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented.

Determination of Total Carbohydrates in Wine and Wine-Like Beverages by HPLC with a Refractive Index Detector: First Action 2013.12

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kupina ◽  
Mark Roman ◽  
D Anderson ◽  
S Bhandari ◽  
M S Cardozo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Abstract An international collaborative study was conducted of an HPLC-refractive index (RI) detector method for the determination of the combined amounts of sugars, glycerol, organic acids, and phenolic compounds in wines and wine-like beverages. Nine collaboratinglaboratories representing major winery, contract laboratories, and government laboratories tested eight different materials as blind duplicates using the proposed method. Sample materials included red and white wines, port, wine cooler, and nonalcoholic wine. One material was a negative control, and one material was a reference material. Samples were either treated with an ion-exchange resin to remove interferingorganic acids prior to analysis or left untreated toinclude organic acids and phenolics. Red wine samples were treated with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone to remove potential interferences from phenolics prior to analysis. The HPLC analyses were performed on a Bio-Rad Fast Acid Analysis Column using RI detection. Reproducibility (RSDR) for untreated samples(sugars + phenolics + organic acids) ranged from 6.6% for Titrivin AA4 reference material to 11.0% for dry red wine. RSDR for treated samples (sugars only) ranged from 6.8% for white zinfandel to 18.9% for dry white wine. RSDR for treatedsamples (sugars only) + glycerol ranged from 6.4% for white zinfandel to 19.8% for dry red wine. Based on these results, the method was adopted as Official First Action status for determination of total carbohydrates in wine and wine-like beverages.

Homogeneity and stability of a candidate certified reference material for the determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in hair

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyeun Lee ◽  
Hajime Miyaguchi ◽  
Eunyoung Han ◽  
Eunmi Kim ◽  
Yonghoon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Certified Reference Material

Variation in the respiratory quotient of birds and implications for indirect calorimetry using measurements of carbon dioxide production

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Walsberg ◽  
B Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Accurate Estimation

Determination of animal power consumption by indirect calorimetry relies upon accurate estimation of the thermal equivalent of oxygen consumed or carbon dioxide produced. This estimate is typically based upon measurement or assumption of the respiratory quotient (RQ), the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed. This ratio is used to indicate the mixture of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in the metabolic substrate. In this analysis, we report the RQ for two bird species, Passer domesticus and Auriparus flaviceps, under several dietary and fasting regimes. RQ commonly differed substantially from those typically assumed in studies of energy metabolism and often included values below those explainable by current knowledge. Errors that could result from these unexpected RQ values can be large and could present the primary limit to the accuracy of power consumption estimates based upon measurement of carbon dioxide production.

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