Comparative Analysis of Biological Activity of Artificial and Wild Agarwood

Agarwood is a highly economically important medicinal herb with widespread uses; however, the difference between the biological activities of artificial and wild agarwood is unclear. In this study, the alcohol-soluble extracts of agarwood produced by fungi and natural agarwood were used to determine the differences between the overall biological activities. The antioxidant ability (the clearance rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radicals, and total reducing power), anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-α-glucosidase activity were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The results indicated that with 2 mg/mL alcohol-soluble extracts, the scavenging DPPH radical rates of the artificial agarwood samples were 93.74–102.31% of that of the wild agarwood, and the ABTS+ radical clearance rates of the artificial agarwood samples were 75.38–95.52% of that of the natural agarwood. With 3.5 mg/mL alcohol-soluble extracts, the artificial agarwood samples had a total reducing power of 63.07–80.29% of that of the wild agarwood. With 4 mg/mL alcohol-soluble extract, the acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition rates of the artificial agarwood samples were 102.56–109.16% of that of the wild agarwood. With 1 mg/mL alcohol soluble extracts, the α-glucosidase effect inhibitions rates of the artificial agarwood samples were 68.32–100.39% of that of the wild agarwood.

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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Opuntia ficus indica seed oil fractions and their bioactive compounds identification

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2016-0200 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olfa R’bia ◽

Chaker Chkioua ◽

Raoudha Hellal ◽

Wahid Herchi ◽

Samira Aschi Smiti

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Sulfonic Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Inhibition Concentration ◽

Oil Fractions ◽

Β Carotene

AbstractAim:The twoMethods:Based on the inhibition concentration at 50 percent (ICResults:Results showed that antioxidant and antibacterial activities considerably varied depending on the fraction. In fact, unsaponifiable fraction has higher biological activities than the glyceridic ones. The unsaponifiable fraction has stronger effects of scavenging 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and it is more efficient against bleaching of β-carotene than the saponifiable extract, unlike the experimental results of 2,2′-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging test. Furthermore, the unsaponifiable fraction was more efficient against all pathogenic strains speciallyConclusion:Informations provided through this work are important for the valorization and use of this cactus vegetable oil in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

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Production and Preliminary Characterization of Antioxidant Polysaccharide by Submerged Culture of Culinary and Medicinal Fungi Cordyceps militaris CICC14013

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2016-0126 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wan Chen ◽

Gaoqiang Liu ◽

Huandong Yang ◽

Zhichao Wu ◽

Hailong Yang

Keyword(s):

Submerged Culture ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Cordyceps Militaris ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging Ability ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

Abstract Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris show multiple biological activities, such as antioxidation, antitumor, antivirus and immunomodulating properties, etc. The nutritional requirements for antioxidant polysaccharide bio-synthesis by submerged culture of C. militaris were evaluated on the basis of assay for DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power in this work. The results showed the best antioxidant activity of polysaccharide could be achieved when the media consisted of mannose, peptone, MgSO4, Na2HPO4, and KH2PO4. Furthermore, the main fraction of antioxidant polysaccharide, CMP-2, was preliminary isolated from the fermentation broth of C. militaris by ethanol precipitation, filtration, and DEAE cellulose-52 chromatography. CMP-2 was composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 2527:164:172:100, and had an average molecular weight (Mw) of approximately 8175 Da. The results suggested antioxidant polysaccharide could be produced by submerged culture of C. militaris and the medium composition significantly affected its DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power.

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Chemical Constituents Isolated from Rhododendron ungernii with Antioxidant Profile

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315508666181024114812 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emine Dede ◽

Nusret Genc ◽

Mahfuz Elmastas ◽

Huseyin Aksit ◽

Ramazan Erenler

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Background: Plant in Rhododendron genus that contains phenolic compounds has been used in traditional medicine and revealed considerable biological activities. Objective: Isolation and identification of antioxidant natural products from Rhododendron ungernii. Methods: Rhododendron ungernii Trautv. flowers were collected and dried in shade. The dried flowers were extracted with methanol for 3 days. The solvent was removed by reduced pressure to yield the extract which was subjected to column chromatography (Sephadex LH-20, C18 reversed phase column) to isolate catechin-7-O-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2), quercetin-3-O- β-xyloside (3), farrerol (4), myricetin (5), and quercetin (6). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and LC-TOF/MS. DPPH scavenging effect, ABTS+ scavenging activity, and reducing power (FRAP) were performed for antioxidant assays of isolated natural compounds. Results: Isolated flavonoids displayed the outstanding antioxidant activities. Catechin-7-O-glucoside (1) and quercetin-3-O-β-galactoside (2) (IC50, 3.66 µg/mL) had the most DPPH• scavenging effect among the compounds. The highest ABTS•+ scavenging activity (IC50, 1.41 µg/mL) and reducing power effect (6.05 mmol TE/g comp) were observed for myricetin (5). Conclusion: R. ungernii extract and isolated compounds could be a promising antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Diterpenoid and phenolic contents of Sideritis hololeuca Boiss & Heldr. Apud Bentham with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2019-0161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (5-6) ◽

pp. 161-169

Author(s):

Sema Carikci ◽

Ahmet C. Goren ◽

Turgut Kilic

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Acetone Extract ◽

Inhibition Activity ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Main Component ◽

Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition

AbstractThe objective of this study is to determine essential oil, diterpenoid and phenolic contents of Sideritis hololeuca along with their biological activities. Phytol was found to be the main component of the essential oil. Seven known kaurane diterpenoids, siderol (140 mg, 0.16%, w/w), 7-acetoxy sideroxol (15 mg, 0.02%, w/w), eubol (6 mg, 0.01%, w/w), eubotriol (5 mg, 0.03%, w/w), 7-epicandicandiol (3 mg, 0.02%, w/w), ent-7α-acetoxy-18-hydroxykaur-16-ene (5 mg, 0.01%, w/w) and linearol [by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)] were determined from the species. Moreover, vanillin (21 mg, 0.10%, w/w), which was not isolated from any Sideritis species earlier, was isolated from an acetone extract of S. hololeuca. Quantitative amounts of some phenolic compounds in n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol extracts and infusion and decoction of the plants were also investigated by LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition effects of the species were evaluated. The extracts of methanol and infusion and decoction of species showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity. The highest inhibition was observed from the decoction of species. The Cu2+ reducing power of infusion was determined as 1.435 mmol TR g−1.

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Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity of Active Films Based on Corn Peptide Incorporated Carboxymethyl Chitosan

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11050604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 604

Author(s):

Liyan Wang ◽

Liang Lei ◽

Kang Wan ◽

Yuan Fu ◽

Hewen Hu

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Zone Method ◽

Oil Resistance

Active films based on carboxymethyl chitosan incorporated corn peptide were developed, and the effect of the concentration of corn peptide on films was evaluated. Physicochemical properties of the films, including thickness, opacity, moisture content, color, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, and oil resistance, were measured. Biological activities of the films, including the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, were characterized in terms of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, reducing power, the total antioxidant activity, and the filter disc inhibition zone method. The results indicated that the incorporation of corn peptide caused interactions between carboxymethyl chitosan and corn peptide in Maillard reaction and gave rise to the films light yellow appearance. Compared with the Control, the degree of glycosylation, browning intensity, thickness, opacity, tensile strength, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of films were increased, but the elongation, vapor permeability, and oil resistance of films were decreased. The films based on corn peptide and carboxymethyl chitosan can potentially be applied to food packaging.

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A simple new method for aged seed utilization based on melatonin-mediated germination and antioxidant nutrient production

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85541-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Song Yu ◽

Xuetian Zhu ◽

Helin Yang ◽

Lihe Yu ◽

Yifei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Total Phenolics ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging Capacity ◽

Scavenging Capacity ◽

Aged Seed ◽

Phenolics Content ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging ◽

Aged Seeds

AbstractSeed deterioration, coupled with a decrease in nutrients, is unavoidable following long-term storage, and these seeds are therefore used as livestock fodder. Here, we developed a simple, rapid and efficient method of producing high amounts of antioxidants from deteriorated seeds via melatonin-induced germination. Legume seeds were subjected to high humidity at 55 °C for 12–36 h to obtain aged seeds with a 40% germination rate and severely reduced antioxidant nutrition (total phenolics content, ferric reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity). Aged seeds were then treated with 0.1 mM melatonin, resulting in the production of sprouts with a higher total phenolics content (fivefold), greater ferric reducing power (sevenfold) and greater DPPH radical scavenging capacity (twofold) compared to the aged seeds. These findings suggest that melatonin treatment efficiently converted aged seed reserve residues into antioxidant nutrients, providing an alternative use for deteriorated seeds in food production.

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Antiglycation and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Varieties

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6374632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Nur Sumirah Mohd Dom ◽

Nurshieren Yahaya ◽

Zainah Adam ◽

Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman ◽

Muhajir Hamid

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Ficus Deltoidea ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of standardized methanolic extracts from seven Ficus deltoidea varieties in inhibiting the formation of AGEs, protein oxidation, and their antioxidant effects. The antiglycation activity was analyzed based on the inhibition of AGEs, fructosamine, and thiol groups level followed by the inhibition of protein carbonyl formation. The antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay) and total phenolic contents were evaluated. After 28 days of induction, all varieties of Ficus deltoidea extracts significantly restrained the formation of fluorescence AGEs by 4.55–5.14 fold. The extracts also reduced the fructosamine levels by 47.0–86.5%, increased the thiol group levels by 64.3–83.7%, and inhibited the formation of protein carbonyl by 1.36–1.76 fold. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed an IC50 value of 66.81–288.04 μg/ml and reducing power activity depicted at 0.02–0.24 μg/ml. The extent of phenolic compounds present in the extracts ranged from 70.90 to 299.78 mg·GAE/g. Apart from that, correlation studies between the activities were observed. This study revealed that seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea have the potential to inhibit AGEs formation and possess antioxidant activity that might be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds.

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Antioxidant Potential in Different Parts and Callus ofGynura procumbensand Different Parts ofGynura bicolor

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/147909 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Vijendren Krishnan ◽

Syahida Ahmad ◽

Maziah Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Different Parts

Plants from Gynura family was used in this study, namely,Gynura procumbensandGynura bicolor.Gynura procumbensis well known for its various medicinal properties such as antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidaemic, and antiulcerogenic; meanwhile,G. bicolorremains unexploited. Several nonenzymatic antioxidants methods were utilized to study the antioxidant capacity, which include ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and ascorbic acid content determination. DPPH assay revealsG. procumbensshoot as the lowest (66.885%) andG. procumbensroot as the highest (93.499%) DPPH radical inhibitor. In FRAP assay, reducing power was not detected inG. procumbensleaf callus (0.000 TEAC mg/g FW) wherebyG. procumbensroot exhibits the highest (1.103 TEAC mg/g FW) ferric reducing power. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content exhibited similar trend for both the intact plants analysed. In all antioxidant assays,G. procumbenscallus culture exhibits very low antioxidant activity. However,G. procumbensroot exhibited highest phenolic content, flavonoid content, and ascorbic acid content with 4.957 TEAC mg/g FW, 543.529 QEµg/g FW, and 54.723 µg/g FW, respectively. This study reveals thatG. procumbensroot extract is a good source of natural antioxidant.

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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthiumL.) Essential Oils and Phenolics

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/804658 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Kamel Msaada ◽

Nidhal Salem ◽

Olfa Bachrouch ◽

Slim Bousselmi ◽

Sonia Tammar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variability of wormwood extracts as affected by the growing region. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were also investigated. The essential oil composition variability ofA. absinthiumL. aerial parts collected from four different Tunisian regions was assessed by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of methanolic extract and essential oils were undertaken. Chromatographic analysis of wormwood essential oils showed the predominance of monoterpene hydrocarbons represented mainly by chamazulene. RP-HPLC analysis of wormwood methanolic extract revealed the predominance of phenolic acids. Antiradical activity was region-dependant and the methanolic extract of Bou Salem region has the strongest activity (CI50=9.38±0.82 µg/mL). Concerning the reducing power, the methanolic extract of Bou Salem, Jérissa, and Boukornine regions was more active than the positive control. Obtained results of antimicrobial activities showed that wormwood essential oil is endowed with important antibacterial activity which was strongly related to the organoleptic quality of oil which appeared strongly region-dependant.A. absinthiumL. EOs investigated are quite interesting from a pharmaceutical standpoint because of their biological activities.

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Nanostructured Ethosomal Gel Loaded with Arctostaphylos uva-ursi extract; In-vitro/In-vivo Evaluation as a Cosmeceutical Product

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666210729111026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Nayla Javed ◽

Shakeel Ijaz ◽

Naveed Akhtar ◽

Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Skin Rejuvenation ◽

In Vivo Evaluation

Background: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (AUU) being rich in polyphenols and arbutin is known to have promising biological activities and can be a potential candidate as a cosmaceutical. Ethosomes encourage the formation of lamellar-shaped vesicles with improved solubility and entrapment of many drugs including plant extracts. Objective: The objective of this work was to develop an optimized nanostructured ethosomal gel formulation loaded with AUU extract and evaluated for skin rejuvenation and depigmentation. Methods: AUU extract was tested for phenolic and flavonoid content, radical scavenging potential, reducing power activity, and in-vitro SPF (sun protection factor) estimation. AUU loaded 12 formulations were prepared and characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), vesicular size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (%EE). The optimized formulation was subjected to non-invasive in-vivo investigations after incorporating it into the gel system and ensuring its stability and skin permeation. Results: Ethosomal vesicles were spherical in shape and Zeta size, zeta potential, PDI (polydispersity index), % EE and in-vitro skin permeation of optimized formulation (F3) were found to be 114.7nm, -18.9mV, 0.492, 97.51±0.023%, and 79.88±0.013% respectively. AUU loaded ethosomal gel formulation was stable physicochemically and exhibited non-Newtonian behavior rheologically. Moreover, it significantly reduced skin erythema, melanin as well as sebum level and improved skin hydration and elasticity. Conclusion: A stable AUU based ethosomal gel formulation could be a better vehicle for phytoextracts than conventional formulations for cosmeceutical applications such as for skin rejuvenation and depigmentation etc.

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