scholarly journals Energy Recovery of Shrub Species as a Path to Reduce the Risk of Occurrence of Rural Fires: A Case Study in Serra da Estrela Natural Park (Portugal)

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽  
Mauro A. M. Raposo ◽  
Catarina I. R. Meireles ◽  
Carlos J. Pinto Gomes ◽  
Nuno M. C. Almeida Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Serra Da Estrela

The accumulation of biomass fuels resulting from the growth of heliophilous shrubs and small tree species at the edge of forests and on scrub and pasture lands contributes to the increased risk of rural fires in Mediterranean climate regions. This situation has been managed with a set of legislative measures launched with the objective of promoting cleaning and the control of these species. Areas of scrub and pasture already constitute the largest part of the annually burnt area in Portugal, resulting in high-intensity fires. In the present study, shrubs and small tree species were characterized in the laboratory. Thermogravimetric, chemical and calorimetric analyses for the evaluation of the potential for the energy recovery of the selected species were carried out. It was observed that energetic valorization (i.e., to enhance the value by planned actions) of these species is difficult because they present high levels of ash and metals, becoming prone to the occurrence of fouling and slagging phenomena. Thus, the creation of value chains that justify the incorporation of these materials becomes very difficult, except if used in non-certified, small-scale and locally based processes. The possibility of recovery through thermochemical conversion processes, such as torrefaction, pyrolysis or gasification, must be studied so that more efficient and feasible recovery alternatives can be found, allowing for the creation of value chains for these residual materials to promote their sustainable management and, thus, mitigate the risk of rural fires occurring.

Gasification: An alternative solution for energy recovery and utilization of vegetable market waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil L Narnaware ◽  
NSL Srivastava ◽  
Samir Vahora
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Cold Gas Efficiency ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Vegetables waste is generally utilized through a bioconversion process or disposed of at municipal landfills, dumping sites or dumped on open land, emitting a foul odor and causing health hazards. The presents study deals with an alternative way to utilize solid vegetable waste through a thermochemical route such as briquetting and gasification for its energy recovery and subsequent power generation. Briquettes of 50 mm diameter were produced from four different types of vegetable waste. The bulk density of briquettes produced was increased 10 to 15 times higher than the density of the dried vegetable waste in loose form. The lower heating value (LHV) of the briquettes ranged from 10.26 MJ kg−1 to 16.60 MJ kg−1 depending on the type of vegetable waste. The gasification of the briquettes was carried out in an open core downdraft gasifier, which resulted in syngas with a calorific value of 4.71 MJ Nm−3 at the gasification temperature between 889°C and 1011°C. A spark ignition, internal combustion engine was run on syngas and could generate a maximum load up to 10 kWe. The cold gas efficiency and the hot gas efficiency of the gasifier were measured at 74.11% and 79.87%, respectively. Energy recovery from the organic vegetable waste was possible through a thermochemical conversion route such as briquetting and subsequent gasification and recovery of the fuel for small-scale power generation.

THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITIVE VALUE CHAINS IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AS AN INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OPERATING ON NETWORK PRINCIPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Niyaz Mustjakimovich Abdikeev ◽  
Anton Alekseevich Losev ◽  
Andrey Ivanovich Gaydamaka
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Software Product ◽  
The Creation

The Concept of competitive value chains in production systems, as an institutional structure operating on network principles, was the impetus for the development of a system of models of inter-industry digital platform for the management and optimization of cooperation of high-tech network production systems. The article describes the ways of integration into business processes of production systems of simulation and cognitive models. The practical implementation of the system of these models is a separate software product - an interdisciplinary digital platform for participants in the creation of new high-tech products and their components.

CREATION METHOD OF THE SMALL-SCALE MODULAR ENTERPRISE ON CORN PROCESSING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Pakhomov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Braginets ◽  
O.N. Bakhchevnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Corn Processing ◽  
The Creation

The creation method of the small-scale modular enterprise on corn processing is offered.The modular corn processing plant consists of the container modules which are turning on all necessary machinery.The offered method is perspective for the organization of intraeconomic production.The method creates an opportunity to quickly create the corn processing small-scale plant according to the modern requirements, having provided some qualitative food and feeds from the produced corn.

Welfare effects of small-scale farmers' participation in apple and mango value chains in Ethiopia

Agrekon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mengistie Mossie ◽  
Alemseged Gerezgiher ◽  
Zemen Ayalew ◽  
Zerihun Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

Technical efficiency and its determinants in the Indian textile garments industry

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla ◽  
Shiv Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose This paper aims to examine technical efficiency and its determinants in Indian textile garments industry in post-agreement on textiles and clothing regime and evaluate the technical efficiency among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) firms. Design/methodology/approach This study uses unbalanced panel data for the period 2005–2010 to 2015–2016. The stochastic frontier function is used to estimate technical efficiency and its determinants. Findings The results show that the overall ecosystem of textile garments’ value chains could be improved to enhance the technical efficiency thereof. The result also reveals that small-scale firms have the highest technical efficiency scores, and medium-scale firms have the least technical efficiency score among all the categories of MSMEs. Research limitations/implications The textile garments industry needs to define its innovation strategies, as these strategies lead to different results that can be achieved only through the management of resources dedicated to the generation and implementation of innovations. Practical implications This study has shown that to offset India’s cost disadvantage in the international markets, there is a need to develop an ecosystem of textile manufacturing and value chains, eliminate the inverted duty structure (where inputs are taxed at a higher rate than the final product) and switch over from shuttle looms toward shuttle-less looms. This would unleash the potential of textile and garments industry and make it globally competitive and technically efficient. Further, there will be an alignment with the ease of doing business with an appropriate mix of policy, technology, institution, infrastructure, information and services. Originality/value Using frontier production function takes stochastic context into account for the dynamic character of technical efficiency and its components. Most of the past studies have assessed technical efficiency at the aggregate level using three-digit National Industrial Classification (NIC) or four-digit NIC code. An analysis at higher levels of aggregation masks the variation in technical efficiency. This study used five-digit NIC data to measure the firm-specific technical efficiency of the textile industry. According to the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first of its kind in the Indian textile industry using stochastic frontier approach and panel data. Further, it also looks at the contribution of different determinants in technical efficiency to the firms.

Markets, Distribution and Value Chains in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Special Focus on Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. Pascual-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Pita ◽  
Helga Josupeit ◽  
Alicia Said ◽  
João Garcia Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries

scholarly journals Fractal properties of forest fires in Amazonia as a basis for modelling pan-tropical burnt area

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Fletcher ◽  
L. E. O. C. Aragão ◽  
A. Lima ◽  
Y. Shimabukuro ◽  
P. Friedlingstein
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Active Fire ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

Abstract. Current methods for modelling burnt area in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) involve complex fire spread calculations, which rely on many inputs, including fuel characteristics, wind speed and countless parameters. They are therefore susceptible to large uncertainties through error propagation, but undeniably useful for modelling specific, small-scale burns. Using observed fractal distributions of fire scars in Brazilian Amazonia in 2005, we propose an alternative burnt area model for tropical forests, with fire counts as sole input and few parameters. This model is intended for predicting large-scale burnt area rather than looking at individual fire events. A simple parameterization of a tapered fractal distribution is calibrated at multiple spatial resolutions using a satellite-derived burnt area map. The model is capable of accurately reproducing the total area burnt (16 387 km2) and its spatial distribution. When tested pan-tropically using the MODIS MCD14ML active fire product, the model accurately predicts temporal and spatial fire trends, but the magnitude of the differences between these estimates and the GFED3.1 burnt area products varies per continent.

scholarly journals The institutional development of International Association of Academies of Sciences: from scientific councils to international scientific-technological consortia

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr A. Vityaz ◽  
Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
International Association ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
To Receive

The article considers the history of creation of formal and informal institutional structures of International Association of the Academies of sciences (IAAS) the functioning of which is based on the technological chains of cognition that are characteristic of traditional disciplinary science. The differences between the technological chains of cognition and the global value chains that have developed in the global economy are shown. The prospects of combining the chains of these types within the framework of international scientific and technological consortia, which are more consistent with the requirements of modern technoscience, are determined. The conclusion is substantiated that the creation of a number of international scientific-technological consortia on the basis of scientific councils of association will allow IAAS to receive a stable source of its additional financing.

scholarly journals Univariate associations between housing, management, and facility design factors and the prevalence of lameness lesions in fourteen small-scale dairy farms in Northeastern Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubida Dendani-Chadi ◽  
Khelaf Saidani ◽  
Loubna Dib ◽  
Fayçal Zeroual ◽  
Faouzi Sammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Management ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between different types of housing, management, and facilities on the prevalence of lame, causing lesions in smallholder dairy farms in Algeria. Materials and Methods: The on-site investigation took place between December 2012 and May 2015. All cows were locomotion scored on a four-point scale, and foot lesions causing lame were diagnosed and recorded. Factors related to the farm and the cows' conditions were also assessed. The association between the possible risk factors and lame lesions was assessed using univariate analysis. Results: Of the 349 cows evaluated, 13% were lame (lameness score ≥2), with higher lameness values recorded for the hind feet than for the forefeet. Cows without lameness were classified as healthy. The two most frequent lesion diagnoses observed in lame cows were interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion (ID/HE; 39%) and interdigital phlegmon (IP; 35%), followed by traumatic lesions (T; 11%), digital dermatitis (DD; 8.7%), and laminitis-related diseases (L; 6.5%). The risk of being lame was increased in large herds with cows of the Holstein breed, and those in the third parity and above. Tie housing, concrete floor, concentrate feeding, zero-grazing, and the use of foot trimming occasionally were associated with increased risk for the presence of lame lesions. The region and footbathing frequency had no association with the prevalence of lame lesions (p≥0.05). Conclusion: These results have important implications; they indicate that several aspects of housing, management, and facility design are common protective factors for the prevalence of lame lesions. These factors should be maintained correctly to not only reduce the number of lame cows in these herds but also decrease the direct and indirect costs associated with cases of lameness.

scholarly journals Effect of Disturbance Regimes on Spatial Patterns of Tree Species in Three Sites in a Tropical Evergreen Forest in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Thi Ngoc Le ◽  
Nguyen Van Thinh ◽  
Nguyen The Dung ◽  
Ralph Mitlöhner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Disturbance Regimes ◽  
Tropical Evergreen Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest

The effects of disturbance regimes on the spatial patterns of the five most abundant species were investigated in three sites in a tropical forest at Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Three permanent one-ha plots were established in undisturbed forest (UDF), lightly disturbed forest (LDF), and highly disturbed forest (HDF). All trees ≥5 cm DBH were measured in twenty-five 20 m × 20 m subplots. A total of 57 tree species belonging to 26 families were identified in the three forest types. The UDF had the highest basal area (30 m2 ha−1), followed by the LDF (17 m2 ha−1) and the HDF (13.0 m2 ha−1). The UDF also had the highest tree density (751 individuals ha−1) while the HDF held the lowest (478 individuals ha−1). Across all species, there were 417 “juveniles,” 267 “subadults,” and 67 “adults” in the UDF, while 274 “juveniles,” 230 “subadults,” and 36 “adults” were recorded in the LDF. 238 “juveniles,” 227 “subadults,” and 13 “adults” were obtained in the HDF. The univariate and bivariate data with pair- and mark-correlation functions of intra- and interspecific interactions of the five most abundant species changed in the three forest types. Most species indicated clumping or regular distributions at small scale, but a high ratio of negative interspecific small-scale associations was recorded in both the LDF and HDF sites. These were, however, rare in the UDF.

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