scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition of Cannabis sativa, Linum usitatissimum and Camelina sativa Seeds Harvested in Lithuania for Food Use

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Violeta Razmaitė ◽  
Vidmantas Pileckas ◽  
Saulius Bliznikas ◽  
Artūras Šiukščius
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Oil Crop ◽  
Flax Seeds

The objective of this study was to determine species-associated differences in the seed proximate and fatty acid composition of three traditional oil crop species, hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum), and camelina (Camelina sativa), and the sowing season of camelina harvested under Lithuanian farming conditions for food use. Camelina seeds had the highest (p < 0.001) content of protein, oil, and sugar contents compared to both dehulled hemp and flax seeds. The amounts of protein and oil in camelina seeds were considerably increased by their summer cultivar, which showed higher (p < 0.001) contents of protein and oil than winter cultivars. However, the highest and lowest (p < 0.001) fiber content was found in flax seeds and camelina seeds, respectively. Camelina seeds showed considerably higher and lower (p < 0.001) proportions of total monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids, respectively, compared with hemp and flax. The summer cultivar of camelina had higher (p < 0.001) proportions of saturated (SFA) and MUFA and lower proportions of PUFA compared with winter cultivars. Hemp seeds had the highest and lowest (p < 0.001) proportions of PUFA and MUFA, respectively. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in hemp seeds is optimal (3.79), whereas the use of flax and camelina seeds with their n-6/n-3 ratios of 0.28 and 0.48, respectively, can significantly improve this ratio in the overall diet. The properties of oil crop seeds showed that whole seeds of hemp, flax, and camelina are potentially highly beneficial to human health.

scholarly journals Historical Experience and Prospects of Using Flux Seeds (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Medicine and Pharmacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei Gennadevich Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Flax Seeds

An analysis of scientific literature and patent documentation revealed the presence of a significant number of studies on the protein and fatty acid composition of flax seeds as well as their derivatives, which allows us to consider these types of raw materials as promising sources of new medicines.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Camelina sativa (L. Crantz) Forage in Autochthonous Ionica Goats: Effects on Milk and Caciotta Cheese Chemical, Fatty Acid Composition and Sensory Properties

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Maria Antonietta Colonna ◽  
Francesco Giannico ◽  
Vincenzo Tufarelli ◽  
Vito Laudadio ◽  
Maria Selvaggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Experimental Group

The research studied the effects of dietary supplementation with Camelina sativa fresh forage on the chemical and fatty acid composition of milk and Caciotta cheese, and its sensory properties. Twenty Ionica goats were randomly assigned to the following two groups (n = 10): the control received a traditional forage mixture (Avena sativa, 70%; Vicia sativa, 20%; Trifolium spp., 10%), while the experimental group was given Camelina sativa fresh forage (CAM). All of the dams grazed on pasture and received a commercial feed (500 g/head/day) at housing. The milk from the CAM group showed a higher (p < 0.05) content of dry matter, fat, lactose and concentrations of C6:0, C11:0, C14:0, C18:2 n-6, CLA and PUFA, while lower (p < 0.05) amounts of C12:0, C18:0 and saturated long chain FA (SLCFA). The Caciotta cheese from the CAM group showed a greater (p < 0.05) content of n-6 FA and n-6/n-3 ratio, although close to four, thus resulting adequate under the nutritional point of view. The overall liking, odour, taste, hardness, solubility and “goaty” flavour were better (p < 0.05) in the CAM cheeses. Further investigation would be advisable in order to evaluate the effect of feeding Camelina forage obtained from different phenological stages, and the application of ensiling techniques.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary n -6: n -3 PUFA ratio on the growth performance, serum lipid and adipokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition and gene expression of lipid metabolism of finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jiantao Li ◽  
Xianjun Liu ◽  
Hongze Cui ◽  
Liyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Tissue Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract Background The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypo-triglyceridemic properties, have been well documented. However, current dietary modification can easily lead to excessive concentrations of n-6 PUFA and an imbalance in the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, resulting in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases. This study investigated the effects of various dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios on the growth performance, blood lipid and cytokine profiles, tissue fatty acid composition, and gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred [(Duroc × Landrace) × Yorkshire] finishing pigs (68.5 ± 1·8 kg) were fed one of four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 8:1. Results Pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P < 0.05) and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) of pigs fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 to 5:1 decreased (P < 0·05), whereas the ratio of concentrations of high-density to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C:LDL-C) in pigs fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 2:1 increased (P < 0·05) compared with those fed a diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 8:1. Pigs fed a diet with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 had lower concentrations of leptin (LEP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P < 0·05), and higher concentrations of adiponectin (APN) (P < 0·05) than those fed diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 8:1. Diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 markedly down-regulated the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in both the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), but up-regulated the expression level of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) in the LM. The expression levels of aP2 and hormone- sensitive lipase were similar to those of PPARγ in the SCAT. Conclusions This study demonstrated that dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios between 3:1 and 5:1 beneficially affected growth performance, optimize blood lipid and adipocytokine levels, enhanced absorption and deposition of n-3 PUFA and regulated lipid metabolism-related genes.

scholarly journals Some parameters of nutritional quality of meat obtained from Mangalitsa and Landrace pig breeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Radoslav Sevic ◽  
Dragomir Lukac ◽  
Vitomir Vidivic ◽  
Nikola Puvaca ◽  
Bozidar Savic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Tissue Protein ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Landrace Pig

The aim of this study was to provide a comparative analysis of chemical and fatty acid composition, as well as of the connective tissue proteins in pigs of different genotypes, Mangalitsa and Landrace. Both pig genotypes were fed with the same feed of standard composition and quality. At the end of the fattening period, in total 24 pigs of both genotypes were slaughtered. Based on the analysis of the chemical composition we came to the conclusion that the protein content in both genotypes was similar. Moisture and ash content in the Landrace pig genotype differed significantly (P < 0.01) compared with genotype of Mangalitsa breed. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were established in the fat content, which was 7.95 g/100 g, in pigs of Mangalitsa breed and 1.59 g/100 g in the Landrace pigs breed. Content of hydroxyproline, non-proteinogenic amino acids, in meat of Landrace was significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared to the content in the Mangalitsa breed. The same tendency was observed with regard to the connective tissue protein content, as well as with the relative connective tissue protein content. The fatty acid composition of the meat indicated that the most common saturated fatty acid (SFA) in both tested breeds was palmitic fatty acid (C16), whose content was significantly higher in Landrace (P < 0.01) compared with its content in Mangalitsa breed. In addition, the share of stearic acid (C18) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Landrace compared to Mangalitsa pig breed, what significantly contributed to the increase of the SFA share in Landrace compared to Mangalitsa breed. The most common monounsaturated fatty acid in both pig breeds was the oleic fatty acid (C18:1), whose share was significantly higher in Mangalitsa compared to the Landrace breed (P < 0.01). Out of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic fatty acid (C18:2) was the most predominant in both pig breeds, with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). The content of PUFA was not statistically significantly different between the tested breeds, as well as the content of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, which caused no statistically significant differences in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Ratio of the unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., of the sum of MUFA and PUFA, and of the saturated fatty acids was significantly higher in Mangalitsa compared to Landrace breed (1.86 vs. 1.4), and the same was observed when it comes to the relationship MUFA/SFA (1.51 in Mangalitsa vs. 1.08 in Landrace breed) and MUFA/PUFA (4.35 vs. 3.38).

scholarly journals Influence of variety and weather conditions on fatty acid composition of winter and spring Camelina sativa varieties in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska ◽  
Małgorzata Graczyk ◽  
Anna Przybylska-Balcerek ◽  
Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Functional Forms

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the influence of weather conditions over the course of 4 years (2016–2019) on the fatty acid profile of Camelina sativa. It was assumed that varieties and functional forms of plants (spring and winter genotypes) were characterized by a different fatty acid composition and that weather conditions affected the profile of fatty acids in camelina seeds. Statistical analyses were performed based on the results of chemical tests. Differences were found in the mean concentrations of C18:3n3, C18:3n6, C20:2 and C22:1 acids in all genotypes based on the Kruskal test. Two winter genotypes (Maczuga and 15/2/3) and the spring genotype UP2017/02 had the significantly highest content of C18:3n6. Genotypes CSS-CAM31, CSS-CAM30, BRSCHW 28347, CSS-CAM36 and Kirgzkij showed the highest content of C18:3n3. The lowest C18:3n3 content was found in winter genotypes: K9/1, 15/2/3, Przybrodzka (winter form) and C5. It was found that weather conditions deviating from the long-term average, both in terms of temperature and precipitation, did not affect the quantitative profile of fatty acids. Over the 4 years, no differences were observed in the fatty acid profile between the spring and winter forms. Observations made in this study allow to state that spring and winter forms of Camelina sativa retain a constant fatty acid composition regardless of changing weather conditions.

Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on ex-vivo lymphocyte stimulation response to Cooperia onchophara L3 antigen in calves

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 88-88
Author(s):  
K.N. Muturi ◽  
M. Birnie ◽  
M. Wallace ◽  
J. Struthers ◽  
J. R. Scaife ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to influence the fatty acid composition of immune and inflammatory cell membranes (Yaqoob et al, 1995). Changing the fatty acid composition and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of cell membranes has been reported to have profound effects on immune cell functionality (Blok et al, 1996). Immune responses to Cooperia onchophara, a nematode parasite that infects calves, are usually slow to develop and inappropriate. The aim of this experiment was to establish the extent to which supplementation of pre-ruminant calves with an n-6 or n-3 PUFA source may influence ex-vivo lymphocyte response to an L3 C onchophara antigen.

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