scholarly journals Quantification and Distribution of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in South Pacific Fish and Shellfish Species

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera ◽  
Valeria González-Barriga ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
Rodrigo Rojas ◽  
Sandra López-Arana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sea Squirt ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Fatty acid composition and distribution in edible species of fish and shellfish captured in the South Pacific were studied, with a focus on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). Fatty acids were quantified using gas-chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), and the distribution of different fatty acids within lipid classes (neutral and polar lipids) was achieved after oil extraction using the Folch method and separation of lipid classes via solid-phase extraction for further GC-FID analysis. Red cusk-eel was the fish species with the lowest content of both EPA and DHA (40.8 and 74.4 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas mackerel contained the highest amount (414.7 and 956.0 mg/100 g for EPA and DHA, respectively). Sea squirt was the shellfish species with the highest content of EPA and DHA (375.0 and 165.7 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas the lowest amount of EPA + DHA was found in Chilean abalone (63.6 mg/100 g). PUFA were mostly found in neutral or polar lipids depending on the studied species. Indexes used to discuss the nutritional quality of lipids (PUFA/SFA, n-6/n-3 ratio and the hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid index) were calculated and reported in the manuscript. This information provides a novel nutritional insight which may be useful to help nutritionists and other health professionals give more accurate counseling for the population to reach the recommended daily intakes of EPA and DHA.

Comparative study of tissue deposition of omega-3 fatty acids from polar-lipid rich oil of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata with krill oil in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Kagan ◽  
Aharon Levy ◽  
Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha

An oil from micro-algae rich in EPA with no DHA and consisting of 15% polar lipids (phospholipids and glycolipids) showed equivalent uptake of EPA into rat plasma and organs as omega-3 krill oil consisting of EPA and DHA and 40% phospholipids.

scholarly journals Changes in Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acids in German Employees upon Dietary Advice by Corporate Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3267
Author(s):  
Dietrich Rein ◽  
Matthias Claus ◽  
Wolfgang Frosch ◽  
Winfried März ◽  
Stefan Lorkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Rich Food ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Background: The erythrocyte ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) over total fatty acids, the omega-3 index (O3I), has been suggested as an overall health marker and to motivate corporate health recommendations. We set out to assess the O3I status in a working population, the differences between normal and rotating shift employees, the consumption of omega-3 rich food and whether recommendations to increase intake of omega-3 rich foods can improve the O3I. Methods: Employees registered for their occupational health check-up were offered to participate in a pre-post study at the Ludwigshafen (Germany) site including an assessment of their O3I at baseline and after 4 months (follow-up) and two subsequent food frequency questionnaires. For those with O3I below 8%, a recommendation was provided to increase the intake of omega-3 fatty acid rich food and to take advantage of the employees’ catering service with its enhanced fatty seafood offer during the study period. Dietary intake of EPA and DHA, erythrocyte fatty acid profiles, clinical and lifestyle parameters were assessed. Results: In 500 employees (26.6% female, 21–64 years, median age: 47 years [IQR: 37–53]), at baseline the overall mean O3I was 4.1 ± 1.1% (99.6% of O3I assessed were below 8%), higher in women, in participants with “normal” body weight, upper employment grade, and non-smokers, but not different between regular and rotating shift workers. The three fifths of the cohort also participating in the follow-up increased their EPA and DHA intake by 0.1 g/d and their O3I by 0.5 percentage points. Conclusion: This study provides essential data on omega-3 erythrocyte concentrations in a clinically healthy German working population and the challenges of increasing the O3I with dietary recommendations even in study participants motivated to follow up on their omega-3 status.

scholarly journals Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase purine but not pyrimidine transport in L1210 leukaemia cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle MARTIN ◽  
Kelly A. MECKLING-GILL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Long Chain

Here we show that in vitro supplementation of L1210 murine lymphoblastic leukaemia cells with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids results in considerable changes in the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids. Incubations for 48 h with 30 μM eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n-3; EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3; DHA) results primarily in substitution of long-chain n-6 fatty acids with long-chain n-3 fatty acids. This results in a decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio from 6.9 in unsupplemented cultures to 1.2 or 1.6 for EPA and DHA supplemented cultures, respectively. Coincident with these changes in membrane fatty acid composition, we observed a 5-fold increase in the rate of adenosine (5 μM) uptake via the nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR)-sensitive nucleoside transporter in EPA- and DHA- supplemented L1210 cells, relative to unsupplemented cells. This seemed to result from a decrease in the Km for adenosine from 12.5 μM in unsupplemented cultures to 5.1 μM in DHA-treated cultures. Guanosine (50 μM) transport was similarly affected by DHA with a 3.5-fold increase in the initial rate of uptake. In contrast, pyrimidine transport, as measured by uptake of thymidine and cytidine, was not similarly affected, suggesting that substrate recognition had been altered by fatty acid supplementation. Studies using [3H]NBMPR showed that there was no effect of EPA or DHA on either the number of NBMPR-binding sites or the affinity of these sites for NBMPR. This observation suggests that the increases in adenosine and guanosine transport were not due to increases in the number of transporter sites but rather that EPA and DHA directly or indirectly modulate transporter function.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Oxidative Changes and the Fatty Acid Profile in Stored Poultry Sausages with Liquid and Microencapsulated Fish Oil Additives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4293
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kawecki ◽  
Jerzy Stangierski ◽  
Piotr Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Microencapsulated Fish Oil

This study deals with the fatty acid profile and oxidative changes (TBARS) in vacuum-packed (VP) or modified-atmosphere-packed (MAP) finely-comminuted poultry sausages with liquid fish oil and microencapsulated fish oil (MC) additives. An analysis of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) showed that their content in the samples with the fish oil additive decreased from the initial value of 0.22 g∙100 g−1 of the product to 0.18 g∙100 g−1 (MAP) and 0.17 g∙100 g−1 (VP), respectively. After in vitro digestion, the total EPA and DHA content in the sample with microencapsulated oil amounted to 0.17 g∙100 g−1 of the product. The TBARS values showed the VP samples with both forms of the fish oil additive had the lowest values on the first day of storage. Storage of the samples for 21 days caused a slight increase in the degree of lipid oxidation. The research indicated that the forms of the oil additive did not have a negative influence on the sensory features or the physicochemical properties of the sausages. The EPA and DHA levels in samples with liquid fish oil and those with oil microcapsules were sufficient for the sausage producer to declare high content of these fatty acids in accordance with the current EC regulation.

scholarly journals A method for separation of phosphatidylcholine, triacylglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and cholesterol esters from plasma by solid-phase extraction

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C. Burdge ◽  
Paul Wright ◽  
Amanda E. Jones ◽  
Stephen A. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

Efficient isolation of individual lipid classes is a critical step in the analysis of plasma and lipoprotein fatty acid compositions. Whilst good separations of total lipid extracts are possible by TLC, this method is time consuming and a major rate-limiting step when processing large numbers of specimens. A method for rapid separation of phosphatidylcholine (PC), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol ester (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) from total plasma lipid extracts by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using aminopropyl silica columns has been developed and validated. Following initial separation of polar and neutral lipids, individual classes were isolated by application of solvents with increasing polarity. Recoveries for combined plasma extraction with chloroform–methanol and SPE were (%): PC 74·2 (SD 7·5), NEFA 73·6 (sd 8·3), CE 84·9 (sd 4·9), and TAG 86·8 (sd 4·9), which were significantly greater for TAG and NEFA than by TLC (P<0·001). Both GC–flame ionisation detector and GC-MS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters demonstrated that there was no cross-contamination between lipid classes. Measurements of repeatability of fatty acid composition for TAG, PC, CE and NEFA fractions showed similar CV for each fatty acid. The magnitude of the CV appeared to be related inversely to the fractional fatty acid concentration, and was greatest at concentrations of less than 1 g/100 g total fatty acids. There was no evidence of selective elution of individual fatty acid or CE species. In conclusion, this method represents an efficient, rapid alternative to TLC for isolation of these lipid classes from plasma.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inappropriate, excessive or uncontrolled inflammation contributes to a range of human diseases. Inflammation involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators and interactions. The present article will describe nutritional and metabolic aspects of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids and explain the roles of bioactive members of those fatty acid families in inflammatory processes. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are capable of partly inhibiting many aspects of inflammation including leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte–endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid, and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of EPA and DHA include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB so reducing expression of inflammatory genes and activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from EPA and DHA in a range of models of inflammatory conditions. Human trials demonstrate benefit of oral n-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis and in stabilizing advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Intravenous n-3 fatty acids may have benefits in critically ill patients through reduced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving actions of EPA, DHA and their derivatives are of clinical relevance.

A unified protocol for the high-throughput measurement of PLFA, NLFA, GLFA and sterols from soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gorka ◽  
Alberto Canarini ◽  
Bruna Imai ◽  
Georg Teischinger ◽  
Sean Darcy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Pure Cultures

&lt;p&gt;Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) are widely used as biomarkers for soil microbial biomass. In more recent years, neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA) have additionally been used as storage biomarkers. Both lipid classes are usually separated via silica solid phase extraction (SPE) after extraction with a mixture of chloroform, methanol and citric acid buffer. However, in recent years several studies reported incomplete or inconsistent separation of lipid classes, depending on minor differences in the polarity of the eluents used during the SPE. Moreover, while PLFA profiles have been tested on microbial pure cultures, the taxonomic specificity of NLFA is only assumed to equal that of PLFA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Complementary to fatty acid based biomarkers, many studies quantify ergosterol as a reliable indicator for fungal biomass because the fungal-specific PLFA 18:1&amp;#969;9 and 18:2&amp;#969;6,9 also occur in plants, which compromises their use for detecting fungal biomass in plant tissue (for example mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots). Measuring ergosterol requires an additional extraction method, but existing protocols include silylation for further gas chromatography analysis and are thus not compatible with determining &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C by IRMS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we aimed to quantify the recovery of polar and non-polar lipid classes as well as ergosterol following lipid extraction and silica SPE fractionation. We used pure standards of representative phospholipids, glycolipids and neutral lipids with unique fatty acid chain lengths for unambiguous identification of the lipid class after SPE. Lipid fractionation was tested on a 96-well SPE plate with different eluents. Subsequently, we applied the modified method to characterize lipid fractions in microbial pure cultures from bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria), and saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Separation of lipid classes was achieved by successively eluting NLFA and sterols with a mixture of chloroform and ethanol (v:v = 98:2), glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA) with acetone, and PLFA with a mixture of methanol, chloroform and water (v:v:v = 5:5:1). GLFA were partially recovered in the NLFA or PLFA fraction depending on the nature of the lipid, which should be considered when interpreting PLFA data. Ergosterol recovery was unaffected by subsequent mild alkaline methanolysis of the NLFA fraction in which it was collected, allowing further analysis of both lipid classes in the same mixture. The gas-chromatographic method may be extended to elute both NLFA and (non-silylated) sterols in one run, assuming that the concentration of ergosterol in soil samples is high enough. Therefore, the method can be optimized by using an internal standard added to the NLFA fraction and simultaneously quantify ergosterol. Finally, we show how different lipid classes and attached fatty acid chains distribute in pure cultures of soil micro-organisms.&lt;/p&gt;

Bio-Synthesis of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Anaerobic Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Wiratni Budhijanto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Pre Treatment

The supply of omega-3 fatty acids, which are EPA and DHA, was only 14.7% of the prospective demand calculated by using 500 mg/day/person as threshold limit for EPA and DHA consumption for a world population of 7.515 billion people. Alternative sources other than fish oil or seed-based-α linolenic acid (ALA) were necessary. Anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) offered a new way for one of omega-3 fatty acids production, EPA. The digestion was conducted in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor supported by natural zeolite as the immobilization media. Process condition tried to be optimized was the pH level and the pre-treatment method (TSS filtration) before the digestion. Without any pre-treatment, the fatty acid profile produced after digestion contained considerable amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid with acidic condition provided higher EPA purity. On the other hand, pre-treatment led the digestion to produce saturated fatty acids with acidic condition provided very high purity of butyric acid as the product.

scholarly journals Influence of Supplementation of Vegetable Oil Blends on Omega-3 Fatty Acid Production inMortierella alpinaCFR-GV15

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Vadivelan ◽  
Pamidighantam Prabhakara Rao ◽  
Govindarajulu Venkateswaran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Epa And Dha

Objectives of this study were designed for improved production of mycelial omega-3 fatty acids with particular reference to EPA and DHA from the oleaginous fungusMortierella alpinaCFR-GV15 under submerged low temperatures fermentation supplemented with linseed oil and garden cress oil as an additional energy source. The fungus was grown at 20°C temperature for four days initially followed by 12°C temperature for next five days. The basal medium contained starch, yeast extract, and a blend of linseed oil (LSO) and garden cress oil (GCO) in the ratio 1 : 1. Results of the study revealed that, after nine days of total incubation period, the enhancement of biomass was up to 16.7 g/L dry weight with a total lipid content of 55.4% (v/w). Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids indicated a significant increase in fatty acid bioconversion (ALA32.2±0.42%, EPA7.9±0.1%, and DHA4.09±0.2%) by 2.5-fold. The two-stage temperature cultivation alters the fatty acid profile due to activation of the desaturase enzyme in the cellular levels due to which arachidonic acid (AA) content reduced significantly. It can be concluded thatMortierella alpinaCFR-GV15 is a fungal culture suitable for commercial production of PUFAs with enriched EPA and DHA.

scholarly journals Can Fish and Shellfish Species from the Black Sea Supply Health Beneficial Amounts of Bioactive Fatty Acids?

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Veselina Panayotova ◽  
Diana A. Dobreva ◽  
Katya Peycheva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Fatty acids (FA) are among the most important natural biologically active compounds. A healthy diet involves the intake of different fatty acids especially from omega-3 (n-3) series. Seafood provides a very good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), but in Bulgaria there is limited information regarding the n-3 PUFA contents in traditionally consumed seafood by the population. The aims of this study were to determine lipid content, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA), and the recommended daily intake of eleven fish species, three bivalves, rapana, and shrimp harvested in the Western part of Black Sea, Bulgaria. Total lipids were extracted according to the method of Blight and Dyer and fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Fatty acid profile showed differences among species. PUFA were found in high content among total lipids, especially in shellfish (60.67–68.9% of total lipids) compared to fish species (19.27–34.86% of total lipids). EPA was found in higher amounts in rapana (0.16 g/100 g ww) and two of pelagic species (up to 0.29 g/100 g ww), whereas DHA prevailed in demersal and the most of pelagic fish (0.16–1.92 g/100 g ww) and bivalves (0.16–1.92 g/100 g ww). The health beneficial n3/n6 and PUFA/SFA ratios were found in all analyzed species. The lower values of the lipid nutritional quality indices (AI < 1, TI < 1) and higher for h/H index (0.8–1.78 for fish and 1.52 to 4.67 for bivalves and shrimp) confirm that the commonly consumed Black Sea fish and shellfish may provide health benefits for local populations. This study shows the seafood amounts that can provide the minimum recommended intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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