scholarly journals Bioshell Calcium Oxide-Containing Liquids as a Sanitizer for the Reduction of Histamine Production in Raw Japanese Pilchard, Japanese Horse Mackerel, and Chub Mackerel

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Sumiyo Hiruma ◽  
Masayuki Ishihara ◽  
Shingo Nakamura ◽  
Yoko Sato ◽  
Haruka Asahina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Histamine Production ◽  
Fish Samples

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of food poisoning cases associated with histamine in food, mainly in relation to histamine in fish. Here, we investigated methods to decrease histamine levels in Japanese pilchard, Japanese horse mackerel, and chub Mackerel, stored at 10 °C using various concentrations of heated scallop bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) suspension, dispersion (BiSCaO + Na2HPO4), colloidal dispersion (BiSCaO + NapolyPO4), scallop shell powder (SSP) Ca(OH)2 in pure water (PW) or saline, and BiSCaO water. BiSCaO in a high alkaline pH solution chemically decomposes histamine poorly, but the partial flocculation/precipitation of histamine was observed with 1 and 0.2 wt.% BiSCaO dispersion and BiSCaO colloidal dispersion, respectively. Cleaning fish samples with BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, colloidal dispersion, or BiSCaO water remarkably reduced histamine levels and normal bacterial flora (coliform bacteria (CF) and total viable bacterial cells (TC)) after storage for four days at 10 °C, while much higher histamine levels were observed after cleaning with saline. These results suggest that cleaning fish with BiSCaO dispersion, colloidal dispersion, or BiSCaO water can significantly reduce histamine levels through their bactericidal activity against histamine-producing bacteria.

scholarly journals Preparation and Application of Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Nanoparticle-Dispersions with Bactericidal Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sato ◽  
Ishihara ◽  
Nakamura ◽  
Fukuda ◽  
Takayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Nanoparticle Dispersions ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Scallop-shell powder (SSP) heated at high temperature exhibits high pH and broad antimicrobial activity. Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) is an SSP composed mainly of calcium oxide. It is poorly water-soluble under alkaline conditions and the generated precipitate can plug spray nozzles. The aim of this study was to establish that BiSCaO dispersion caused no significant CaO loss and plugging of spray nozzles, and to evaluate its deodorization and microbicidal abilities and its ability to reduce the concentrations of NO2− and NO3−. BiSCaO dispersions were prepared by mixing various concentrations of BiSCaO suspension, while phosphate compounds such as Na3PO4, Na2HPO4 or NaH2PO4 and the pH, average diameter, zeta potential, and form of the compounds with cryo-SEM were evaluated. We evaluated deodorization using tainted pork meat and microbicidal efficacy using contaminated suspension with normal bacterial flora. The concentration of NO2− and NO3− after mixing BiSCaO dispersion and pure water containing a high proportion of NO2− and NO3− were measured. BiSCaO dispersion formed with Na2HPO4, whose ratio to BiSCaO was 60%, showed a high pH (>12), a small particle diameter (>181 nm) and was stable for seven days. The BiSCaO dispersion showed higher deodorization and microbicidal activities than SSP-Ca(OH)2, which was mainly composed of Ca(OH)2. BiSCaO, but not SSP-Ca(OH)2, could reduce the concentration of NO2− and NO3− by more than 90% within 15 min. We developed a stable BiSCaO dispersion, and it had high deodorization and microbicidal efficacy. These activities of BiSCaO might result from the high pH caused by CaO hydration and a reduction activity causing active radical species.

scholarly journals Assessment of watercourses of Astrakhan by hydrobiological and microbiological indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Valentina Korolevskaya ◽  
Olga Soprunova ◽  
Alina Galperina ◽  
Alina Bareeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Saprobity Index ◽  
Station Location ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

The paper focuses upon the control over environmental pollution of water bodies by human waste products in urban areas, which can be carried out by monitoring hydrobiological indi-cators. In the course of study undertaken in May 2017 and 2018 there was assessed the ecological and sanitary status of the Volga and Kutum rivers that flow on the territory of Astrakhan. Samples were taken at four stations; the choice of station location was determined by the presence of pollutant sources: proximity of the city market or the power plant. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of the state of phytoplankton were used as hydrobiological indicators; the total number of bacteria and the total content of coliform bacteria were evaluated as microbiological indicators. During the study period the ecological and sanitary state of water was rated as satisfactory. The number of algae taxa increased insignificantly (by 3 units), diatoms predominated in the number of genera and number. Despite the presence of 4-5 species of pure water representatives in the investigated waters, the sanitary and bacteriological situation at all the studied stations was found unfavorable; the water was characterized as polluted and dirty. In 2018, there was registered deterioration of water quality compared to 2017, while the calculated saprobity index in the Kutum river indicates the water quality improvement downstream. The increasing value of the water saprobity index in the Kutum river indicates a tendency toward the growing level of organic pollution and necessitates a comprehensive analysis of hydrobiological indicators for systematic monitoring the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Elemental Study of Common Iced Fish Species Sold in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
V. B. Simpson ◽  
Aliboh, Uche
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
Chub Mackerel ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Atlantic Horse Mackerel

There is a death of information on the mineral composition of essential, toxic elements of commonly consumed frozen fishes in Nigeria, hence, this study was conducted to determine the proximate, elemental composition and also estimate the daily intake of the minerals obtained in the frozen samples of Hake (Merluccius merluccius), Sardine (Sardinella eba), Chub Mackerel (Scomber jopanicus), Atlantic horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and, Croaker (Pseudolithus elongatus) obtained from four markets in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The fish species examined contained appreciable concentrations of protein which ranged from 15.19% in Chub mackerel to 21.75 % in Atlantic horse mackerel. The ash and moisture content suggest that the fish species are a good source of minerals and a veritable medium for microbial proliferation respectively, while, the crude fat value ranging between 0.16 % in Atlantic horse mackerel to 0.27 % in Hake showed that they are lean fat fishes. The Estimated Dietary Intake (EDI) of the macro and microelements analysed in the fish species (except for phosphorus) fell short of the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) that were established by the Institute of Medicine.  However, the concentrations of toxic elements such as lead, arsenic and cadmium exceeded the maximum limits set for these elements in foods, and this consequently poses a long term risk as a result of the bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of these toxic elements in the body.

scholarly journals Concentrated Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Water Kills Pathogenic Microbes: Characterization and Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Nakamura ◽  
Masayuki Ishihara ◽  
Yoko Sato ◽  
Tomohiro Takayama ◽  
Sumiyo Hiruma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Colloidal Dispersion ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
O 157

Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) exhibits deodorizing properties and broad microbicidal activity. In this study, we examined possible utility of BiSCaO Water for that purpose. BiSCaO Water was prepared by adding 10 wt% BiSCaO to clean water and gently collecting the supernatant in a bottle. The same volume of clean water was gently poured onto the BiSCaO precipitate and the supernatant was gently collected in a bottle; this process was repeated fifty times. The produced BiSCaO Water contained nanoparticles (about 400–800 nm) composed of smaller nanoparticles (100–200 nm), and was colorless and transparent, with a pH > 12.7. In vitro assays demonstrated that BiSCaO Water eliminated more than 99.9% of influenza A (H1N1) and Feline calicivirus, Escherichia coli such as NBRC 3972 and O-157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus within 15 min. We compared BiSCaO Water with the other microbicidal reagents such as ethanol, BiSCaO, BiSCa(OH)2 suspensions, povidone iodine, NaClO, BiSCaO dispersion and colloidal dispersion with respect to deodorization activity and microbicidal efficacy. The results showed that BiSCaO Water was a potent reagent with excellent deodorization and disinfection activities against pathogenic bacteria and viruses (including both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses).

Histamine Production by Enterobacter aerogenes in Sailfish and Milkfish at Various Storage Temperatures

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1690-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNG-HSIANG TSAI ◽  
SHIOU-CHUNG CHANG ◽  
HSIEN-FENG KUNG ◽  
CHENG-I WEI ◽  
DENG-FWU HWANG
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Histamine Production ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Histamine Formation ◽  
Frozen Fish

Enterobacter aerogenes was studied for its growth and ability to promote the formation of total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and histamine in sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) stored at various temperatures from −20 to 37°C. The optimal temperature for bacterial growth in both fish species was 25°C, whereas the optimal temperature for histamine formation was 37°C. The two fish species inoculated with E. aerogenes, when not properly stored at low temperatures such as 15°C for 36 h, formed histamine at above the U.S. Food and Drug Administration hazardous guideline level of 50 mg/100 g. Milkfish was a better substrate than sailfish for histamine formation by bacterial histidine decarboxylation at elevated temperatures (>15°C). Although higher contents of TVBN were detected in the spiked sailfish than milkfish during the same storage time at temperatures above 15°C, the use of the 30-mg/100 g level of TVBN as a determination index for fish quality and decomposition was not a good criterion for assessing potential histamine hazard for both fish species. Bacterial growth was controlled by cold storage of the fish at 4°C or below, but histamine formation was stopped only by frozen storage. Once the frozen fish samples were thawed and stored at 25°C, histamine started to accumulate rapidly and reached levels greater than the hazardous action level in 36 h.

Identification of Bacteria Crucial to Histamine Accumulation in Pacific Mackerel during Storage†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIN-HEE KIM ◽  
KATHARINE G. FIELD ◽  
DONG-SUCK CHANG ◽  
CHENG-I WEI ◽  
HAEJUNG AN
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Histamine Production ◽  
Histamine Formation ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Pacific Mackerel

Bacterial growth and histamine formation in Pacific mackerel during storage at 0, 4, 15, and 25°C were monitored. To identify bacterial species contributing to histamine formation, several groups of bacteria were isolated by using selective media under temperatures corresponding to the various storage conditions. Initially, low counts of bacteria were found in the gill, skin, and intestine of fresh fish, and only weak histamine formers were found in the gill. Histamine was found in the muscle when fish were stored above 4°C, and aerobic plate counts reached 106 CFU/g. When fish became unsuitable for human consumption by abusive storage, toxicological levels of histamine were always found. The highest level of histamine formed was 283 mg/100 g in 2 days. The optimum temperature for supporting growth of prolific histamine formers was 25°C. The most prolific and prevalent histamine former was Morganella morganii, followed by Proteus vulgaris, both of which were isolated on violet red bile glucose (VRBG) agar. At 15°C, a significant level of histamine was still produced in fish muscle, although prolific histamine formers were less frequently detected than at 25°C. The isolates on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar were weak histamine formers and identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. At 4°C, less than 57.4 mg/100 g of histamine was found in fish stored for 14 days. Most isolates were natural bacterial flora in the marine environment and identified as weak histamine formers. At 0°C, neither histamine former nor histamine production was detected up to 14 days of storage.

scholarly journals Ecological–microbiological studies of lake Beloe in winter and spring with the use of innovation test-systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
I. V. Mosharova ◽  
V. V. Il’inskii ◽  
S. A. Mosharov ◽  
A. Yu. Akulova
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Bottom Water Layer ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics

Chlorophyll a concentration, the total abundance of bacteria, the number of bacterial cells with active metabolism, and the abundance of saprotrophic bacteria were studied in the surface and bottom water layers of Lake Beloe in winter and spring 20152016. The abundance of sanitary-indicator microorganisms was determined for the first time with the use of Petrifilm test-systems (3MTM Petrifilm). In most cases, Lake Beloe water in spring and winter was found to correspond to eutrophic level (in terms of chlorophyll a concentration in water) and polysaprobic status (in terms of microbiological indices). By its sanitary-microbiological characteristics, the lake is clearthe values of the total microbial count, determined with the use of test-systems 3M Petrifilm Aqua (AQHC), were 1000 CFU/mL, and the abundance of coliform bacteria, determined with the use of test-systems 3M Petrifilm Aqua (AQСC), varied from 20 to 135 CFU/100 mL. Coliform bacteria were mostly found in the bottom water layer. It was shown that, in the organization of ecologicalmicrobiological studies, special attention is to be paid to the bottom horizons of water bodies.

scholarly journals The Mechanism Underlying of Long-Term Stable Indigo Reduction State in Indigo Fermentation Using Sukumo (Composted Polygonum tinctorium Leaves)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Tu ◽  
Helena de Fátima Silva Lopes ◽  
Takashi Narihiro ◽  
Isao Yumoto
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Indigo Reduction ◽  
Indigo Fermentation

Indigo fermentation fluid maintains its indigo-reducing state for more than 6 months under open-air. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the sustainability of this indigo reduction state, three indigo fermentation batches with different durations for the indigo reduction state were compared. The three examined batches exhibited different microbiota and consisted of two phases. In the initial phase, oxygen-metabolizing-bacteria derived from sukumo established an initial network. With decreasing redox potential (ORP), the initial bacterial community was replaced by obligate anaerobes (mainly Proteinivoraceae; phase 1). Approximately 1 month after the beginning of fermentation, the predominating obligate anaerobes were decreased, and Amphibacillus and Polygonibacillus, which can decompose macromolecules derived from wheat bran, were predominantly observed, and the transition of microbiota became slow (phase 2). Considering the substrate utilization ability of the dominated bacterial taxa, the transitional change from phase 1 to phase 2 suggests that this changed from the bacterial flora that utilizes substrates derived from sukumo, including intrinsic substrates in sukumo and weakened or dead bacterial cells derived from early events (heat and alkaline treatment and reduction of ORP) to that of wheat bran-utilizers. This succession was directly related to the change in the major substrate sustaining the corresponding community and the turning point was approximately 1 month after the start of fermentation. As a result, we understand that the role of sukumo includes changes in the microbial flora immediately after the start of fermentation, which has an important function in the start-up phase of fermentation, whereas the ecosystem comprised of the microbiota utilizing wheat bran underpins the subsequent long-term indigo reduction.

Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyl levels of horse mackerel (Trachurus sp.) caught from Marmara Sea coastal sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Ş. Ulusoy ◽  
Ö. Özden ◽  
O. Päpke
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Horse Mackerel ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Lipid Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Eu Commission ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agricultural Organization

The levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were assessed in horse mackerel (Trachurus sp.) samples collected monthly between October 2010 and October 2011 from four regions (Bosphorus, Bandırma, Gelibolu, Tekirdağ) in the Marmara Sea. α-Endosulfan and heptachlor were not detected in any fish samples. The annual average OCP levels among the regions ranged between 0.09–12.2 ng g−1 (wet weight), 0.8–168 (lipid weight), while the annual average PCB levels among the regions ranged between 0.55–4.98 ng g−1 (wet weight), and 7.01–116 (lipid weight), respectively. Total-DDT, total-HCH, PCB 138 and PCB 153 were the most predominant contaminants in the fish samples. There was no relation between lipid content of horse mackerel samples and residues of the contaminants. OCP and PCB levels detected in all of the fish samples were below the limits recommended by the EU Commission (2011), Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (1983), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2011) and Turkish Food Codex (2011).

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance: A Concern to Veterinary and Human Medicine

1970 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
Sitaram Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
R Plasmids

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics occurs even without the use of antibiotics. Antibiotic use exerts a selective pressure to the bacterial flora that help in the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are used worldwide both in veterinary and human medicine. The wide spread use of antibiotics in human and animal has raised the concern about the development of resistant and multi resistant bacteria that possess a potential danger to animals and men, as resistance may cause treatment failure. Resistance may be natural or acquired. Acquired resistance is due to transfer of extrachromosomal genetic material (R-plasmids) and is very important. The R-plasmids are spread to other bacterial cells by transformation, transduction, conjugation and transposition. Transmitted antibiotic resistance in disease causing bacteria may cause zoonotic infections and resistant non-infectious bacteria may serve as a reservoir of R- plasmids for the pathogenic organism(s). This paper highlights the mechanism of development of resistance in bacteria and means to minimize it.Key words: Antibiotic resistance; Bacteria; Extrachromosomal material; Resistance; R-plasmidsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4873Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 66-70Uploaded date: 9 June, 2011

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