scholarly journals Fluorescent Light Incites a Conserved Immune and Inflammatory Genetic Response within Vertebrate Organs (Danio Rerio, Oryzias Latipes and Mus Musculus)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boswell ◽  
Lu ◽  
Boswell ◽  
Savage ◽  
Hildreth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Hairless Mouse ◽  
Gene Clustering ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence

Fluorescent light (FL) has been utilized for ≈60 years and has become a common artificial light source under which animals, including humans, spend increasing amounts of time. Although the solar spectrum is quite dissimilar in both wavelengths and intensities, the genetic consequences of FL exposure have not been investigated. Herein, we present comparative RNA-Seq results that establish expression patterns within skin, brain, and liver for Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, and the hairless mouse (Mus musculus) after exposure to FL. These animals represent diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles, and ≈450 million years of evolutionary divergence. In all three organisms, FL induced transcriptional changes of the acute phase response signaling pathway and modulated inflammation and innate immune responses. Our pathway and gene clustering analyses suggest cellular perception of oxidative stress is promoting induction of primary up-stream regulators IL1B and TNF. The skin and brain of the three animals as well as the liver of both fish models all exhibit increased inflammation and immune responses; however, the mouse liver suppressed the same pathways. Overall, the conserved nature of the genetic responses observed after FL exposure, among fishes and a mammal, suggest the presence of light responsive genetic circuitry deeply embedded in the vertebrate genome.

scholarly journals Fluorescent light exposure incites acute and prolonged immune responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor J. Gonzalez ◽  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Mikki Boswell ◽  
William Boswell ◽  
Geraldo Medrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Fluorescent Light

scholarly journals Elevated Evolutionary Rates among Functionally Diverged Reproductive Genes across Deep Vertebrate Lineages

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Grassa ◽  
Rob J. Kulathinal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Reproductive Genes

Among closely related taxa, proteins involved in reproduction generally evolve more rapidly than other proteins. Here, we apply a functional and comparative genomics approach to compare functional divergence across a deep phylogenetic array of egg-laying and live-bearing vertebrate taxa. We aligned and annotated a set of 4,986 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 orthologs in Anolis carolinensis (green lizard), Danio rerio (zebrafish), Xenopus tropicalis (frog), Gallus gallus (chicken), and Mus musculus (mouse) according to function using ESTs from available reproductive (including testis and ovary) and non-reproductive tissues as well as Gene Ontology. For each species lineage, genes were further classified as tissue-specific (found in a single tissue) or tissue-expressed (found in multiple tissues). Within independent vertebrate lineages, we generally find that gonadal-specific genes evolve at a faster rate than gonadal-expressed genes and significantly faster than non-reproductive genes. Among the gonadal set, testis genes are generally more diverged than ovary genes. Surprisingly, an opposite but nonsignificant pattern is found among the subset of orthologs that remained functionally conserved across all five lineages. These contrasting evolutionary patterns found between functionally diverged and functionally conserved reproductive orthologs provide evidence for pervasive and potentially cryptic lineage-specific selective processes on ancestral reproductive systems in vertebrates.

Effect of tributyltin on antioxidant ability and immune responses of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2017 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-nuan Zhang ◽  
Ji-liang Zhang ◽  
Hong-tao Ren ◽  
Bian-hua Zhou ◽  
Qiu-jue Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Antioxidant Ability

scholarly journals Selenium status affects selenoprotein expression, reproduction, and F1 generation locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1918-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Penglase ◽  
Kristin Hamre ◽  
Josef D. Rasinger ◽  
Staale Ellingsen
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gpx Activity ◽  
Se Status

Se is an essential trace element, and is incorporated into selenoproteins which play important roles in human health. Mammalian selenoprotein-coding genes are often present as paralogues in teleost fish, and it is unclear whether the expression patterns or functions of these fish paralogues reflect their mammalian orthologues. Using the model species zebrafish (Danio rerio; ZF), we aimed to assess how dietary Se affects key parameters in Se metabolism and utilisation including glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, the mRNA expression of key Se-dependent proteins (gpx1a, gpx1b, sepp1a and sepp1b), oxidative status, reproductive success and F1 generation locomotor activity. From 27 d until 254 d post-fertilisation, ZF were fed diets with graded levels of Se ranging from deficient ( < 0·10 mg/kg) to toxic (30 mg/kg). The mRNA expression of gpx1a and gpx1b and GPX activity responded in a similar manner to changes in Se status. GPX activity and mRNA levels were lowest when dietary Se levels (0·3 mg/kg) resulted in the maximum growth of ZF, and a proposed bimodal mechanism in response to Se status below and above this dietary Se level was identified. The expression of the sepp1 paralogues differed, with only sepp1a responding to Se status. High dietary Se supplementation (30 mg/kg) decreased reproductive success, while the offspring of ZF fed above 0·3 mg Se/kg diet had lower locomotor activity than the other groups. Overall, the novel finding of low selenoprotein expression and activity coinciding with maximum body growth suggests that even small Se-induced variations in redox status may influence cellular growth rates.

Nonhypoalbuminemic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Dogs as Disease Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Hernandez ◽  
Elodie Rouillé ◽  
Florian Chocteau ◽  
Marie Allard ◽  
Karine Haurogné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing worldwide, emphasizing the need of relevant models, as dogs spontaneously affected by IBD may be, for better knowledge of the disease’s physiopathology. Methods We studied 22 client-owned dogs suffering from IBD without protein loss and 14 control dogs. Biopsies were obtained from the duodenum, ileum, and colon. Inflammatory grade was assessed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and chemokine analysis. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in mucosa was immunohistochemically evaluated. Antibody levels against bacterial ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and flagellin) were measured in sera using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results Dogs with IBD showed low to severe clinical disease. Histopathologically, the gut of dogs with IBD did not exhibit significant alterations compared with controls except in the colon. The number of CD3+ T lymphocytes was decreased in the ileum and colon of dogs with IBD compared with controls, whereas the numbers of Foxp3+, CD20+, and CD204+ cells were similar in the 2 groups. Three chemokines, but no cytokines, were detected at the protein level in the mucosa, and the disease poorly affected their tissue concentrations. Dogs with IBD exhibited higher serum reactivity against LPS and flagellin than controls but similar immunoreactivity against the receptors TLR4 and TLR5. In addition, TLR2 and TLR9 showed similar expression patterns in both groups of dogs. Conclusions Our data described dysregulated immune responses in dogs affected by IBD without protein loss. Despite fairly homogeneous dog cohorts, we were still faced with interindividual variability, and new studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate the dog as a model.

scholarly journals Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase Regulates Stoichiometry of CD4+ T-Cell Compartments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maylin Merino-Wong ◽  
Barbara A. Niemeyer ◽  
Dalia Alansary
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Plasma Membrane Calcium Atpase ◽  
Cell Compartments

Immune responses involve mobilization of T cells within naïve and memory compartments. Tightly regulated Ca2+ levels are essential for balanced immune outcomes. How Ca2+ contributes to regulating compartment stoichiometry is unknown. Here, we show that plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 4 (PMCA4) is differentially expressed in human CD4+ T compartments yielding distinct store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) profiles. Modulation of PMCA4 yielded a more prominent increase of SOCE in memory than in naïve CD4+ T cell. Interestingly, downregulation of PMCA4 reduced the effector compartment fraction and led to accumulation of cells in the naïve compartment. In silico analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation point towards Ying Yang 1 (YY1) as a transcription factor regulating PMCA4 expression. Analyses of PMCA and YY1 expression patterns following activation and of PMCA promoter activity following downregulation of YY1 highlight repressive role of YY1 on PMCA expression. Our findings show that PMCA4 adapts Ca2+ levels to cellular requirements during effector and quiescent phases and thereby represent a potential target to intervene with the outcome of the immune response.

scholarly journals Integrative Transcriptomics Reveals Activation of Innate Immune Responses and Inhibition of Inflammation During Oral Immunotherapy for Egg Allergy in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piia Karisola ◽  
Kati Palosuo ◽  
Victoria Hinkkanen ◽  
Lukas Wisgrill ◽  
Terhi Savinko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Egg Allergy ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Open Label

We previously reported the results of a randomized, open-label trial of egg oral immunotherapy (OIT) in 50 children where 44% were desensitized and 46% were partially desensitized after 8 months of treatment. Here we focus on cell-mediated molecular mechanisms driving desensitization during egg OIT. We sought to determine whether changes in genome-wide gene expression in blood cells during egg OIT correlate with humoral responses and the clinical outcome. The blood cell transcriptome of 50 children receiving egg OIT was profiled using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained at baseline and after 3 and 8 months of OIT. We identified 467 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after 3 or 8 months of egg OIT. At 8 months, 86% of the DEGs were downregulated and played a role in the signaling of TREM1, IL-6, and IL-17. In correlation analyses, Gal d 1–4-specific IgG4 antibodies associated positively with DEGs playing a role in pathogen recognition and antigen presentation and negatively with DEGs playing a role in the signaling of IL-10, IL-6, and IL-17. Desensitized and partially desensitized patients had differences in their antibody responses, and although most of the transcriptomic changes were shared, both groups had also specific patterns, which suggest slower changes in partially desensitized and activation of NK cells in the desensitized group. OIT for egg allergy in children inhibits inflammation and activates innate immune responses regardless of the clinical outcome at 8 months. Changes in gene expression patterns first appear as posttranslational protein modifications, followed by more sustained epigenetic gene regulatory functions related to successful desensitization.

scholarly journals Integrated time-serial transcriptome networks reveal common innate and tissue-specific adaptive immune responses to PRRSV infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeonghwi Lim ◽  
Sangwook Kim ◽  
Kyu-Sang Lim ◽  
Chang-Gi Jeong ◽  
Seung-Chai Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Gene Expression Control

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is the most important viral disease causing severe economic losses in the swine industry. However, mechanisms underlying gene expression control in immunity-responsible tissues at different time points during PRRSV infection are poorly understood. We constructed an integrated gene co-expression network and identified tissue- and time-dependent biological mechanisms of PRRSV infection through bioinformatics analysis using three tissues (lungs, bronchial lymph nodes [BLNs], and tonsils) via RNA-Seq. Three groups with specific expression patterns (i.e., the 3-dpi, lung, and BLN groups) were discovered. The 3 dpi-specific group showed antiviral and innate-immune signalling similar to the case for influenza A infection. Moreover, we observed adaptive immune responses in the lung-specific group based on various cytokines, while the BLN-specific group showed down-regulated AMPK signalling related to viral replication. Our study may provide comprehensive insights into PRRSV infection, as well as useful information for vaccine development.

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