scholarly journals LEAFY COTYLEDON 2: A Regulatory Factor of Plant Growth and Seed Development

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1896
Author(s):  
Boling Liu ◽  
Ge Sun ◽  
Changju Liu ◽  
Shijuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Transcription factors are key molecules in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. The transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), which belongs to the DNA-binding protein family, contains a B3 domain. The transcription factor is involved in the regulation of important plant biological processes such as embryogenesis, somatic embryo formation, seed storage protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and other important biological processes. Recent studies have shown that LEC2 regulates the formation of lateral roots and influences the embryonic resetting of the parental vernalization state. The orthologs of LEC2 and their regulatory effects have also been identified in some crops; however, their regulatory mechanism requires further investigation. Here, we summarize the most recent findings concerning the effects of LEC2 on plant growth and seed development. In addition, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of the action of the LEC2 gene during plant development.

scholarly journals Molecular regulation of Snai2 in development and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhou ◽  
Kayla M. Gross ◽  
Charlotte Kuperwasser
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Damage Repair

ABSTRACT The transcription factor Snai2, encoded by the SNAI2 gene, is an evolutionarily conserved C2H2 zinc finger protein that orchestrates biological processes critical to tissue development and tumorigenesis. Initially characterized as a prototypical epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, Snai2 has been shown more recently to participate in a wider variety of biological processes, including tumor metastasis, stem and/or progenitor cell biology, cellular differentiation, vascular remodeling and DNA damage repair. The main role of Snai2 in controlling such processes involves facilitating the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programs, and, as such, its dysregulation manifests in developmental defects, disruption of tissue homeostasis, and other disease conditions. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating Snai2 expression, abundance and activity. In addition, we outline how these mechanisms contribute to disease phenotypes or how they may impact rational therapeutic targeting of Snai2 dysregulation in human disease.

scholarly journals Relationship between mitochondrial changes and seed aging as a limitation of viability for the storage of beech seed (Fagus sylvatica L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10569
Author(s):  
Arleta Małecka ◽  
Liliana Ciszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Staszak ◽  
Ewelina Ratajczak
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Seed Aging ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Aging is one of the most fundamental biological processes occurring in all forms of eukaryotic life. Beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) produce seeds in intervals of 5–10 years. Its yearly seed yield is usually very low, so there is a need for long-term seed storage to enable propagation of this species upon demand. Seeds for sowing must be of high quality but they are not easy to store without viability loss. Understanding the mechanism responsible for seed aging is therefore very important. We observed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria of embryonic axes and cotyledons of beech seeds during natural aging. The presence of ROS led to changes in compromised mitochondrial membrane integrity and in mitochondrial metabolism and morphology. In this study, we pointed to the involvement of mitochondria in the natural aging process of beech seeds, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this involvement are still unknown.

scholarly journals Indirect ABA-dependent Regulation of Seed Storage Protein Genes by FUSCA3 Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuaki Kagaya ◽  
Rie Okuda ◽  
Atsushi Ban ◽  
Ryoko Toyoshima ◽  
Kumiko Tsutsumida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Protein Genes

scholarly journals An R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor PgFLP Directly Activates PgPIN10 to Regulate the GSA of Adventitious Root in Pomegranate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghui Wang ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Xuemei Yang ◽  
Haixia Tang ◽  
Lijuan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Root Gravitropism ◽  
Gravity Signal ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Background: The self-rooted seedling is widely used in pomegranate planting industry currently; However, the root system of self-rooted seedling is shallow and poor cold resistance. Therefore, the study of the molecular mechanisms of pomegranate adventitious root gravitropism is very important for developing deep-rooted pomegranate cultivars.Results: We report the pomegranate FOUR LIPS (PgFLP) that play an key role in regulating the gravitropic set-point angle of pomegranate adventitious root in response to gravity signal. In our study, PgFLP directly regulates the transcriptional expression of PgPIN10 by binding to its promoter, thus regulating the GSA of adventitious root in pomegranate. Additionally, the 35S::PgFLP show stronger gravitational response than wild-type, leading to a smaller GSA in Arabidopsis lateral roots, indicating that PgFLP participates in regulating the GSA of adventitious root via PgPIN10 in pomegranate. Conclusion: Our results confirm that the transcriptional regulation of PgPIN10 by R2R3-MYB transcription factor PgFLP in setting the gravitropic set-point angle of pomegranate adventitious root in response to gravity signal.

scholarly journals The biological characteristics of transcription factors AP-2α and AP-2γ and their importance in various types of cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Kołat ◽  
Żaneta Kałuzińska ◽  
Andrzej K. Bednarek ◽  
Elżbieta Płuciennik
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract The Activator Protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor (TF) family is vital for the regulation of gene expression during early development as well as carcinogenesis process. The review focusses on the AP-2α and AP-2γ proteins and their dualistic regulation of gene expression in the process of carcinogenesis. Both AP-2α and AP-2γ influence a wide range of physiological or pathological processes by regulating different pathways and interacting with diverse molecules, i.e. other proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) or miRNAs. This review summarizes the newest information about the biology of two, AP-2α and AP-2γ, TFs in the carcinogenesis process. We emphasize that these two proteins could have either oncogenic or suppressive characteristics depending on the type of cancer tissue or their interaction with specific molecules. They have also been found to contribute to resistance and sensitivity to chemotherapy in oncological patients. A better understanding of molecular network of AP-2 factors and other molecules may clarify the atypical molecular mechanisms occurring during carcinogenesis, and may assist in the recognition of new diagnostic biomarkers.

scholarly journals Transcription factor regulation of eQTL activity across individuals and tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Flynn ◽  
Athena L. Tsu ◽  
Silva Kasela ◽  
Sarah Kim-Hellmuth ◽  
Francois Aguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Variant ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factor Regulation ◽  
Gwas Signal ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Eqtl Data ◽  
Trait Associations

Tens of thousands of genetic variants associated with gene expression ( cis -eQTLs) have been discovered in the human population. These eQTLs are active in various tissues and contexts, but the molecular mechanisms of eQTL variability are poorly understood, hindering our understanding of genetic regulation across biological contexts. Since many eQTLs are believed to act by altering transcription factor (TF) binding affinity, we hypothesized that analyzing eQTL effect size as a function of TF level may allow discovery of mechanisms of eQTL variability. Using GTEx Consortium eQTL data from 49 tissues, we analyzed the interaction between eQTL effect size and TF level across tissues and across individuals within specific tissues and generated a list of 6,262 TF-eQTL interactions across 1,598 genes that are supported by at least two lines of evidence. These TF-eQTLs were enriched for various TF binding measures, supporting with orthogonal evidence that these eQTLs are regulated by the implicated TFs. We also found that our TF-eQTLs tend to overlap genes with gene-by-environment regulatory effects and to colocalize with GWAS loci, implying that our approach can help to elucidate mechanisms of context-specificity and trait associations. Finally, we highlight an interesting example of IKZF1 TF regulation of an APBB1IP gene eQTL that colocalizes with a GWAS signal for blood cell traits. Together, our findings provide candidate TF mechanisms for a large number of eQTLs and offer a generalizable approach for researchers to discover TF regulators of genetic variant effects in additional QTL datasets.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor Action Orchestrates the Complex Expression Pattern of CRABS CLAW in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663
Author(s):  
Thomas Gross ◽  
Annette Becker
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Complex Expression

Angiosperm flowers are the most complex organs that plants generate, and in their center, the gynoecium forms, assuring sexual reproduction. Gynoecium development requires tight regulation of developmental regulators across time and tissues. How simple on and off regulation of gene expression is achieved in plants was described previously, but molecular mechanisms generating complex expression patterns remain unclear. We use the gynoecium developmental regulator CRABS CLAW (CRC) to study factors contributing to its sophisticated expression pattern. We combine in silico promoter analyses, global TF-DNA interaction screens, and mutant analyses. We find that miRNA action, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling do not contribute substantially to CRC regulation. However, 119 TFs, including SEP3, ETT, CAL, FUL, NGA2, and JAG bind to the CRC promoter in yeast. These TFs finetune transcript abundance as homodimers by transcriptional activation. Interestingly, temporal–spatial aspects of expression regulation may be under the control of redundantly acting genes and require higher order complex formation at TF binding sites. Our work shows that endogenous regulation of complex expression pattern requires orchestrated transcription factor action on several conserved promotor sites covering almost 4 kb in length. Our results highlight the utility of comprehensive regulators screens directly linking transcriptional regulators with their targets.

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