Persons with Dementia Living at Home or in Nursing Homes in Nine Swedish Urban or Rural Municipalities

The methodology from the “RightTimePlaceCare” study of dementia care was tested locally in terms of relevance, acceptability and attrition. Comparing persons with dementia (PwDs) receiving home care (HC) with PwDs living in nursing homes (NHs), in urban versus rural areas, regarding their health conditions and informal caregiver burden was also done. Standardized measurements regarding sociodemographic, and physical and mental health was used. Questions related to legal guardianship were added. Interviews were conducted with PwDs and their caregivers in HC (n = 88) and in NHs (n = 58). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. The attrition rate was higher in HC. In the bivariate regression model, for HC and NH, living at home was significantly associated with more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms (p ≤ 0.001) and being cared by a spouse (p = 0.008). In NH, the informal caregivers were significantly younger (p = 0.003) and living in rural areas (p = 0.007) and more often in paid work (p ≤ 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, informal caregivers were significantly younger (p = 0.007) when caring for a PwD in an NH and caregiver burden was significantly higher in HC and in urban areas (p = 0.043). Legal guardianship was very low. Professionals should acknowledge that PwDs in HC have more behavioural problems and caregivers in urban areas report higher caregiver burden.

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Behavioural disturbances in patients with frontotemporal lobe degeneration focusing on caregiver burden at home and in nursing homes

Journal of Clinical Nursing ◽

10.1111/jocn.15208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (9-10) ◽

pp. 1733-1743

Author(s):

May‐Karin Rognstad ◽

Dagfinn Nåden ◽

Ingun Ulstein ◽

Kari Kvaal ◽

Birgitta Langhammer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Homes ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

At Home

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What influences home delivery among women who live in urban areas? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0244811

Author(s):

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Eugene Budu ◽

Ebenezer Agbaglo ◽

Francis Appiah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Home Delivery ◽

Northern Region ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Factors Associated ◽

At Home

Background In Ghana, home delivery among women in urban areas is relatively low compared to rural areas. However, the few women who deliver at home in urban areas still face enormous risk of infections and death, just like those in rural areas. The present study investigated the factors associated with home delivery among women who live in urban areas in Ghana. Materials and methods Data for this study was obtained from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. We used data of 1,441 women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey and were dwelling in urban areas. By the use of Stata version 14.2, we conducted both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results We found that 7.9% of women in urban areas in Ghana delivered at home. The study revealed that, compared to women who lived in the Northern region, women who lived in the Brong Ahafo region [AOR = 0.38, CI = 0.17–0.84] were less likely to deliver at home. The likelihood of home delivery was high among women in the poorest wealth quintile [AOR = 2.02, CI = 1.06–3.86], women who professed other religions [AOR = 3.45; CI = 1.53–7.81], and those who had no antenatal care visits [AOR = 7.17; 1.64–31.3]. Conversely, the likelihood of home delivery was lower among women who had attained secondary/higher education [AOR = 0.30; 0.17–0.53], compared to those with no formal education. Conclusion The study identified region of residence, wealth quintile, religion, antenatal care visits, and level of education as factors associated with home delivery among urban residents in Ghana. Therefore, health promotion programs targeted at home delivery need to focus on these factors. We also recommend that a qualitative study should be conducted to investigate the factors responsible for the differences in home delivery in terms of region, as the present study could not do so.

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Patterns of acute poisoning among children admitted tomaternity and children,teaching hospital,Al Diwaniyah city,Iraq

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v9ispl1.1281 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽

Author(s):

Adel J Hussein

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Accidental Poisoning ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Level Of Education ◽

At Home

Acute poisoning,a common pediatric emergency,is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in children,especially in developing countries. The patterns of poisoning usually differ from country to country and from province to another within the same country.The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of acute chemical and drug poisoning.cases admitted to the emergency department (ED)ofmaternity and children,teaching hospital in Al- Diwaniyah city and to compare poisoning characteristics between different age groupsin the region. A review of medical records of 125 poisoningcases under 7 years of age, except for cases of food poisoning,snake bite,scorpion stings and cases with incomplete data were not included in this study,presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) during 2016 were determined.The mean age of all poisoned patients (mean ± standard deviation) was 2.26 ± 0.750.One hundred and twenty five children,forming 2.2% (125/5494) of total emergency unit admissions of all patients,were under seven years of age. Slightly more boys 71 (56.8%) than girls 54 (43.2%) were intoxicated with the male to female ratio of 1.3:1. The majority of all cases were due to accidental poisoning. In patients younger than one year of age 23 (18.4%),of all poisonings were due to therapeutically error,1 – 3 year 47 (37.6%),4 – 7 year 55 (44%). Chemical agents (58.4%) mostly kerosene (30.1%),agriculturalpesticides/insecticides (19.1%),were the most frequent offending agent,followed by drugs comprised (41.6%),mostly due to Cold and cough medication (15.3%),The vast majority of these materials was stored in non-original containers,These drugs were available at home,being used either by the child or the parents and grandparents.The most common route of poisoning was ingestion of the poison (118 patients; 94.4%) and most were ingested inside the house (73.6%). No deaths were reported.There were obvious seasonal variations and most cases were admitted during in summer (42.4%) and spring (29.6%). Patients from rural areas (57.6%) were more than the patients from the urban areas (42.4%). Effective health promotional programs for parents regarding poisoning hazards are needed to increase the awareness and reduce the incidence of poisoning among children in our region in addition correct dealing with the chemical materials. A relationship exists between the parents’ level of education and the occurrence of pediatric poisoning particularly mothers. Since the level of education in this study was lower in the mothers and for mothers are those who take primary care of children at home; they should be educated regarding care and prevention of lethal injuries to their children at home.

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Povezivanje životnog okruženja dece i njihovog uključivanja u horove

10.46793/nnu21.577j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matija Jenko ◽

◽

Barbara Kopačin

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Creative People ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Singing Activity ◽

The Republic ◽

At Home

Many studies have been conducted in the field of research on the stimulating domestic music environment, which show that the decision to engage children in music, in addition to internal factors in the family, can be influenced by external factors, such as the environment in which families live, too. Active inclusion of Slovenes in choirs is one of the most widespread free activities in the Republic of Slovenia, because according to the Public Fund of the Republic of Slovenia for Culture, more than 64.000 people sing in choirs. However, given that Slovenia is a very diverse country, especially in geographical terms, the mentality of people in different environments is very different, although in Slovenia creative people live in both rural and urban areas. Since in the article we discover, whether singing activity is higher in rural than in urban areas, we will define what both is and what are the characteristics of choirs in Slovenia, and then explore the differences between the above activities of parents and children in both areas. In this paper, we find that there are more active singing groups in urban areas, which include families, where both – children and parents – sing in a choir, than in rural areas, which we attribute to “rurbanization”, which blurs the boundaries between rural and urban settlements and their functions. The paper also confirms the assumption that the stimulating domestic music environment (singing at home, attending concerts with parents and parents' opinion that the stimulating musical environment offered to children at home strongly influences their participation in choirs) is related children's singing in choirs.

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Consumption of safe drinking water in Pakistan: its dimensions and determinants

10.5194/dwes-2020-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Naeem Akram

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Large Family ◽

Water Sources ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

Waterborne Diseases ◽

Safe Drinking Water ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

At Home

Abstract. Access to clean and safe drinking water is a basic human right. Poor quality of drinking water is directly associated with various waterborne diseases. The present study has attempted to analyze the household preferences for drinking water sources and the adoption of water purifying methods at home in Pakistan by using the household data of Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18. It has been found that people living in rural areas, headed by aged ones and having large family sizes are significantly less likely to use safe drinking water sources and households having media exposure, education, women empowerment in household purchases and belonging to the rich segment of society are more likely to use safe drinking water source. Similarly, households belonging to urban areas, having a higher level of awareness (through education and media), belonging to wealthy families, women enjoying a higher level of empowerment and using piped water are more likely to adopt water-purifying methods at home. However, households using water from tube wells, wells, and boreholes and having higher family sizes are less likely to adopt water purifying methods at home.

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Family and Kindergarten - the Partnership for Education

10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/27 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elena Repciuc (Jucan)

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Family Relationship ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

The Family ◽

Educational Partnership ◽

Family Partnership ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

At Home

This paper presents both theoretical and practical aspects of the significance of this kindergarten-family partnership with the mission to inform both teachers and parents about the importance of collaboration and to offer some suggestions by which we can make the communication between these two parts. The main objective underlying this paper is to study in detail the partnership between kindergarten and family and to analyze the reasons why this partnership is not fully realized in order to facilitate better communication between these two parties. The paper is structured in 3 chapters as follows: In the first chapter, called "The family environment and its educational value", the paper deals with topics such as: family - a polysematic concept, family functions and educational styles in the family. In these second chapter, called "Kindergarten-family relationship, active and efficient partners in early education", the paper focuses on: the concept of educational partnership, collaboration between family and kindergarten - guarantee of school success, the opportunity of the educational partnership family-kindergarten, implementation of the family-kindergarten partnership and the importance of the kindergarten-family partnership in the formation and development of the personality of the preschool child. In the third chapter, which is the case study, “Comparison between the urban and rural areas, regarding the kindergarten-family partnership problem”, the paper focuses on the level of involvement of parents and teachers in the issue of their involvement in the education of children. I will also analyze the difference between rural and urban areas regarding the problem of partnership and the involvement of parents and educators. The family must always be involved in the education of the child at home and at school. The partnership between family and kindergarten represents a strong collaborative relationship, with the help of which we work in a team to establish the best methods of collaboration and education for the child. The kindergarten helps the child to develop psychically, physically and intellectually, leaving him with a bag of information that will help him in the future. Many may ask this question "What role does the family play in this process?". Well, the family gives the child the seven years at home, which are extremely important. Without the seven years at home, the educator cannot function as well as he or she would like. Without the help and involvement of the family in the relationship with the kindergarten, this process we call Partnership, would not exist. Also, in performing the processing and interpretation of the data from this research, the statistical method was used. After centralizing all the answers, I found the following facts: Parents are selective when it comes to their involvement in different activities within the kindergarten. The parents together with the teachers appreciate the importance of the partnership. In both urban and rural areas, we can say that there is openness and transparency when it comes to this partnership and between parents and teachers do not find communication problems.

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Socio Demographic Determinants of Delivery Practice in Rural Women of Bangladesh

Delta Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/dmcj.v1i2.15917 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 42-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meherunnessa Begum ◽

Khondoker Bulbul Sarwar ◽

Nasreen Akther ◽

Rokshana Sabnom ◽

Asma Begum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Health ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Home Delivery ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

At Home

Background: Every year, world wide, 200 million women become pregnant. The development of urban areas allowed women to receive more care and treatment. However, in rural areas such measures are not available to every woman. Data on delivery practice of rural woman may help the social and public health planners and decision makers to minimize and prevent maternal mortality and morbidity ensuring safe motherhood.Objective: The aim of the study was to observe the delivery practice of rural women of Bangladesh. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and data were collected from Dhamrai upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh in April 2008. Total 159 women of reproductive age group at least having one child were selected purposively to elicit information on various demographic, socioeconomic, cultural and selected programmatic variables including maternal health care and delivery practices. Results: Among the respondents about 55% were literate. Majority (80%) of the respondents delivered at home and most of the them (71%) felt that home delivery was comfortable where as about 29% of the respondents were compelled to deliver at home due to family decision and financial constraint. Among the deliveries about 82% occurred normally and 18.2% were by cesarean section. A considerable percentage of deliveries (49%) were attended by traditional birth attendants. Blade was used for cutting umbilical cord in majority of the cases (74%) who delivered at home. Most of the respondents (90%) took ante natal check up and about 74% were vaccinated by tetanus toxoid. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that a lot of work is still to do for the policy makers and health planners to target, plan, develop and deliver maternal health services to the rural women of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v1i2.15917 Delta Med Col J. Jul 2013;1(2):42-45

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Family Conditions and the Accessibility of Online Education: The Digital Divide and Mediating Factors

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8590

Author(s):

Jiafeng Gu

Keyword(s):

Online Education ◽

Digital Divide ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Internet Access ◽

Broadband Internet ◽

Low Income Families ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

This study is an exploration of the digital divide between urban and rural areas, and it was conducted to assess the impact of the minimum living guarantee system on online education in China. The results of the research showed that 83.38% of students in low-income families have been able to participate in online education at home during the pandemic, while 16.62% of students in low-income families have been unable to do so. The absence of computers, smartphones, and broadband Internet access in low-income households reduces the likelihood of children being able to participate in online education at home. In terms of accessing online education at home, students from urban areas have obvious advantages over those from rural ones, and students from minimum living guarantee families have obvious advantages over those from marginal minimum living guarantee ones. This study also showed that the presence of online education-related amenities, including computers, smartphones, and Internet access, mediates the relationship between the subsistence allowance system, Hukou, and accessibility of online education. To address this issue, this paper includes suggestions for bridging the digital divide in online education.

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Changes in Physical Activity during COVID-19 Pandemic in Urban and Rural Older Veterans and their Cohabitants

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 935-936

Author(s):

Chao-Yi Wu ◽

Rachel Wall ◽

Zachary Beattie ◽

Nora Mattek ◽

Jeffrey Kaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Aging Research ◽

Step Counts ◽

Time Periods ◽

At Home

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the health security of older adults. Few have examined how older US veterans have reacted and coped with the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify changes in physical health and their differential impact by rurality of older veterans. Method: Participants were veterans (aged ≥ 62 years) and their cohabitants, living in the Pacific Northwest, enrolled in the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative. Daily step counts via actigraphy were collected from January 1st to July 8th, 2020. COVID-19 time periods were determined by stay-at-home orders issued on March 13th, 2020. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine changes in physical activities associated with COVID-19 time periods and rurality indicated by the rural-urban commuting area score. Results: A total of 102 participants were included in the analysis (mean age = 71.0 years, 56% male, 32 living in urban areas). Daily average step counts were 2318 and 3012 before and after COVID-19 stay-at-home orders (t=4.85, p<.001). After controlling for covariates, participants living in large rural (β=.26, p=.03) and small/isolated areas (β=.23, p=.02) walked more than those living in urban areas after COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Conclusion: Older adults cope differently during the COVID-19 pandemic based on rurality, with those living in large rural and small/isolated rural areas have an increased physical activity. Reasons for increased step counts (e.g., mood, visitors, size of the house) require further investigation. This result demonstrates the potential utility of real-world monitoring to objectively inform interventions for COVID-related secondary health changes.

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Accidents in Children under 5 Years in Yazd Province, Iran

Journal of Disaster and Emergency Research ◽

10.18502/jder.v2i1.569 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Dehghani ◽

Sadegh Kazemi ◽

Samaneh Mirzaei ◽

Mohammad Reza Sadeghian

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Age Groups ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under 5 ◽

At Home

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

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