scholarly journals Abortion in Countries with Restrictive Abortion Laws—Possible Directions and Solutions from the Perspective of Poland

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1594
Author(s):  
Kornelia Zaręba ◽  
Krzysztof Herman ◽  
Ewelina Kołb-Sielecka ◽  
Grzegorz Jakiel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Free Access ◽  
National Library ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
Main Factors

The tendency towards the radicalization of abortion law is observed in numerous countries, including Poland. The aim of the present paper was to determine the main factors influencing the number of abortions performed worldwide and to indicate the main directions which should be followed to improve the patients’ well-being. The authors conducted their search in the PubMed of the National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar. Databases were extensively searched for all original and review articles/book chapters in English until June 2021. The main problems associated with the contemporary policy of birth regulation include no possibility of undergoing a termination because of the conscience clause invoked by the medical personnel, restrictive abortion law and lack of sexual education. Minimal changes that should be considered are: improved sex education and the availability of contraception, free access to abortion-inducing drugs with adequate information provided by qualified medical personnel in countries with a conscience clause invoked by the personnel, and the development of an international network which would facilitate undergoing a pregnancy termination abroad to provide women with access to legal abortion assisted by professional medical personnel.

Faktor-Faktor Determinan yang melatar belakangi Kehamilan Remaja di Desa Pandansari Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Maria Magdalena Setyaningsih ◽  
Emy Sutiyarsih
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Kehamilan remaja adalah kehamilan yang terjadi pada remaja berusia kurang dari 20 tahunan. Kehamilan remaja memberikan banyak kerugian bagi kesehatan, mental dan psikologis, kesejahteraan ekonomi dan peluang karier, kemiskinan dan prospek kehidupan masa depan remaja. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi faktor determinan yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kehamilan remaja. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian analitik kategorik jenis survei kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Populasi semua perempuan yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah dusun Wonosari, Sukosari, dan Krajan Pandansari dan pernah/sedang hamil pertama kali pada usia kurang dari 20 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel cluster random sampling besar sampel 73. Berdasarkan hasil model akhir analisis multivariat, diketahui bahwa variabel pendidikan, riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga dan usia menikah merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kehamilan remaja setelah dikontrol oleh variabel akses informasi, responden berpendidikan rendah memiliki peluang 20,8 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan remaja pada keluarga memiliki peluang 14,9 kali lebih tinggi, responden yang menikah pada usia <20 tahun memiliki peluang 12,1 kali lebih tinggi, responden dengan pemahaman yang kurang baik terkait penggunaan kondom memiliki peluang 5,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi kehamilan remaja. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun karakter buiding, sosial karakter suport untuk para ibu remaja dan keluarga sehingga terbangun interaksi yang baik dalam keluarga yang dilandasi dengan pendidikan dan pemahaman yang baik tentang Pendidikan seksualitas. Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in adolescents aged less than 20 years old. Teen pregnancy provides many disadvantages for health, mental, psychological, economic well-being, career opportunities, poverty, and the future life. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants underlying teen pregnancy incidence. This study was a quantitative study with categorical analytic method. The study design used a case control with two comparison groups. The groups were control group and case group. The population in this study was all women who lived in the Wonosari, Sukosari, and Krajan Pandansari district and had or were pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old. Seventy three respondents were recruited using cluster sampling technique. The case group consists of women who were or had pregnant for the first time at the age of less than 20 years old and their children are currently aged ≤ 1 years old. The control group consists of women who were pregnant for the first time at the age of > 20 years old. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The findings showed that education, history of teen pregnancy in family and the age of marriage were related to the incidence of teen pregnancy after being controlled by information access. Low-educated respondents had 20.8 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with a history of teen pregnancy in the family had 4.9 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents who were married at the age of < 20 years old had 12.1 times higher chance of experiencing teen pregnancy; respondents with poor understanding of condom use had 5.9 times higher chance of teenage pregnancy. In conclusion, the findings suggest to build good interactions in the family based on education and a good understanding of sex education.

scholarly journals Impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluso Ishola ◽  
U. Vivian Ukah ◽  
Arijit Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Women’S Health Services ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A country’s abortion law is a key component in determining the enabling environment for safe abortion. While restrictive abortion laws still prevail in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), many countries have reformed their abortion laws, with the majority of them moving away from an absolute ban. However, the implications of these reforms on women’s access to and use of health services, as well as their health outcomes, is uncertain. First, there are methodological challenges to the evaluation of abortion laws, since these changes are not exogenous. Second, extant evaluations may be limited in terms of their generalizability, given variation in reforms across the abortion legality spectrum and differences in levels of implementation and enforcement cross-nationally. This systematic review aims to address this gap. Our aim is to systematically collect, evaluate, and synthesize empirical research evidence concerning the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. Methods We will conduct a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on changes in abortion laws and women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will search Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, as well as grey literature and reference lists of included studies for further relevant literature. As our goal is to draw inference on the impact of abortion law reforms, we will include quasi-experimental studies examining the impact of change in abortion laws on at least one of our outcomes of interest. We will assess the methodological quality of studies using the quasi-experimental study designs series checklist. Due to anticipated heterogeneity in policy changes, outcomes, and study designs, we will synthesize results through a narrative description. Discussion This review will systematically appraise and synthesize the research evidence on the impact of abortion law reforms on women’s health services and outcomes in LMICs. We will examine the effect of legislative reforms and investigate the conditions that might contribute to heterogeneous effects, including whether specific groups of women are differentially affected by abortion law reforms. We will discuss gaps and future directions for research. Findings from this review could provide evidence on emerging strategies to influence policy reforms, implement abortion services and scale up accessibility. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019126927

scholarly journals Perceived Control and Aging: A Mini-Review and Directions for Future Research

Gerontology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Robinson ◽  
Margie E. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Health And Well Being

This brief review on perceived control and aging is organized according to 3 perspectives of research involving description, explanation, and modification. An extensive body of literature has utilized cross-sectional and correlational methods to describe the sociodemographic variations and outcomes associated with perceived control. This work has focused on differences in perceived control as a function of age, sex, education, socioeconomic status, and culture and has identified positive associations with many aging-related outcomes involving health and well-being. With growing evidence regarding the health benefits of perceived control in the context of a declining sense of control with aging, there has been an increased effort to uncover the mechanisms involved, with the hopes of developing methods to maintain and/or promote adaptive control beliefs throughout adulthood. Through longitudinal and experimental work, researchers are beginning to clarify the directionality and elucidate the mechanisms to explain the associations. Recent evidence from longitudinal studies shows that control beliefs have an impact on subsequent changes in health. Yet, the findings suggest that it is not a unidirectional relationship. A conceptual model suggesting an ongoing reciprocal relationship between perceived control and health and well-being is discussed. Research examining the mechanisms that link perceived control to aging-related outcomes can help to inform and to develop effective interventions that are tailored to the individual's specific barriers and goals. We consider new directions for research, including more attention to intraindividual variability and reactivity to daily challenges, such as stress, with the goal of advancing our understanding of how perceived control contributes to aging-related outcomes. More work is needed to develop strategies to enhance control beliefs in later life. Although it will not always be possible to modify control beliefs, researchers can take these beliefs into account when developing interventions. A personalized approach is recommended as a way to tailor interventions that are compatible with individuals' beliefs about control to facilitate adaptive behavior change. Conclusions focus on selected issues and considerations for future research.

scholarly journals Assessing Public Open Spaces: A Case of City Nagpur, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4997
Author(s):  
Pritam Ahirrao ◽  
Smita Khan
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Public Open Space

Major Indian cities have a lower public open space (POS)-capita ratio and do not meet national and international standards. Moreover, factors such as lack of design guidelines for POSs, limited funding, and lack of public participation have affected these limitedly available POSs and made them ineffective and incapable of meeting the contemporary needs of a diverse range of users. Therefore, it is essential to make them not only inclusive, user-friendly, attractive, and efficient, but also socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable in order to serve the various facilities and services at their optimum level. This study includes the assessment of two POSs to identify strengths and deficiencies that affect their character and use. These POSs are public parks, provide free access to users and are located in the city of Nagpur. For assessment, the study proposed the Public Open Space Index (POSI) that combines five aspects: Individual well-being, Inclusiveness, Engagement, Sustainable spaces, and Management.A mixed methods approach was considered for data collection, including a self-administered questionnaire survey and observations.According to the results, POSs have strengths in that they facilitate social cohesion, engagement, and basic facilities. POSs do not encourage equitable access and sustainable practices, which are considered deficiencies.The study helps planners, designers, and parenting authority to develop initiatives to make these limited POSs inclusive, functional, and sustainable.

Mindfulness Meditation Apps: An Effective Tool to Improve Mental Health Among Graduate Students in STEM Programs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Stem Programs

Abstract This paper seeks to determine whether or not mindfulness meditation training via a simple meditation app can effectively improve well-being among graduate students enrolled in STEM programs. Graduate students were recruited from STEM programs at the University of Florida. Participants were randomly assigned into treatment and control groups. The control group simply proceeded as they normally would during an academic semester. The treatment group received free access to the Ten Percent Happier app and were asked to meditate once per day for eight weeks. Both groups completed pre-, mid-, and post-intervention surveys that included the Center for Epidemiological Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7). The treatment group averaged about 10 minutes of meditation per day, and the average participant meditated on about 82% of days within the intervention period. At the end of the 8-week intervention, the treatment group reported CES-D and GAD-7 scores that were about 35% and 41% lower than the control group and their physical symptom score was about 36% lower. Relative to their own starting scores, CES-D, GAD-7, and physical symptom scores decreased 35%, 50%, and 43%, respectively for the treatment group, while the control group experienced no change in scores.

Using Baseline Data to Address the Lack of Hospital Beds during Mass-Casualty Incidents

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hysham Hadef ◽  
Jean-Claude Bartier ◽  
Herve Delplancq ◽  
Jean-Pierre Dupeyron
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Mass Casualty Incidents ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Hospital Beds ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Data Program ◽  
Information Database

AbstractThe management of victims during mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) is improving. In many countries, physicians and paramedics are well-trained to manage these incidents. A problem that has been encountered during MCIs is the lack of adequate numbers of hospital beds to accommodate the injured. In Europe, hospitals are crowded. One solution for the lack of beds is the creation of baseline data systems that could be consulted by medical personnel in all European countries. A MCI never has occurred in northeastern Europe, but such an event remains a possibility. This paper describes how the use of SAGEC 67, a free-access, information database concerning the availability of beds should help the participating countries, initially France, Germany, and Switzerland, respond to a MCI by dispatching each patient to an appropriate hospital and informing their families and physicians using their own language.Baseline data for more than 20 countries, and for hospitals, especially those in Germany, Switzerland, and France, were collected. Information about the number of beds and their availability hour-by-hour was included. In the case of MCIs, the baseline data program is opened and automatically connects to all of the countries. In case of a necessary hospital evacuation, the required beds immediately are occupied in one of these three countries.Questions and conversations among medical staff or family members can be accomplished between hospitals through computer, secured-line chatting that automatically translates into appropriate language.During the patient evacuation phase of a MCI, respondents acknowledged that a combination of local, state, and private resources and international cooperation eventually would be needed to meet the demand. Patient evacuation is optimized through the use of SAGEC 67, a free baseline database.

scholarly journals Sexual scripts of persons with different types of sex education

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-73
Author(s):  
Вікторія ГУПАЛОВСЬКА ◽  
Ольга АВРАМЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Sexual Relations ◽  
Powerful Factor ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Healthy Relationship

Thanks to the chosen methods we were able to investigate the features of three types of sexual education in the family: repressive, avoidant and expressive. Persons with a repressive type of sex education are the least sexually well-off, and their sexual scenarios are geared to compliance with existing rules (religious, ethical) and exclude pleasure. Respondents with the avoidant type of upbringing try to know everything in their own experience, thus filling in the lack of information, overestimating the number of sexual relations and their presence, they are dominated by a hedonistic and playful approach to sex without burdening themselves to build a healthy relationship, as well as the level of sex. Individuals with the expressive type are most capable of building a harmonious relationship, the most sexual well-being, and their sexual scenarios are flexible and diverse. Sex education is a powerful factor in shaping one's own sexuality and the way it is realized, which is reflected in the sexual scenarios chosen by the person.

scholarly journals Reading graphic medicine at the National Library of Medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Tuohy ◽  
Judith Eannarino
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Collection Development ◽  
National Library ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Graphic Medicine ◽  
History Of

The Exhibition Program, part of the History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine, spotlights the collection of the library by creating exhibitions and educational resources that explore the social and cultural history of medicine. Our goal is to stimulate people’s enthusiasm for history and encourage visitors of all ages to learn more about themselves and their communities. We do what we do because we believe that health and well-being are fundamental human rights and are essential to our American way of life. And we believe exhibitions are a logical expression of that commitment.Oftentimes, exhibitions focus on underrepresented subjects or lesser-known types of literature, which helps to inform the library’s collection development activity. Collection development staff take a keen interest in viewing exhibitions, attending related lectures, and performing bibliographic research on topics that are unlikely to be captured in conventional scientific and professional literature. This heightened awareness leads staff to discover niche publishers, significant authors, and unique titles, thereby enriching the collection for future generations.Following the decision to embark on an exhibition about graphic medicine, collections staff more closely investigated this class of literature. This column explores how wider social and cultural influences can change the medical literature and inform and enrich the collections policies of an institution.

scholarly journals REVIEW: Old abortion law still holds sway

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Sue Kedgley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Abortion Laws ◽  
History Of

Fighting to Choose is a fascinating, meticulously researched history of the struggle to liberalise New Zealand’s abortion laws. It examines why there is still no right to have an abortion in a progressive country like New Zealand, which has a strong record of promoting women’s rights, and why it is that an unsatisfactory abortion law, that was passed 35 years ago, is still on the statute books.

scholarly journals Strategy to improve adolescent knowledge on sex education: scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Yustika rahmawati Rahmawati Pratami
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Adolescent Sexual Behavior ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Gender Based

Background : Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing adolescents for safe, productive lives, and understanding about HIV and AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancy, Gender-Based Violence (GBV), and Gender inequality still pose serious risks to their well-being. Study Aim : Determine the method most instrumental in improving adolescents' knowledge about adolescent sex education and teens identify constraints in obtaining information on sex education. Methods : Stage approach to review the literature using framework Arskey and O'Malley. The framework used to manage with PEOS research questions so that the search strategy uses 5 databases, viz. Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Proquest, And Ebsco with the identification of the relevant study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Each method has its contribution in providing information and knowledge about sex education to adolescents, however the source of the greatest role in providing sex education information mostly came from digital sources both internet and TV media. The lack of role of parents and teachers to provide enough information about sex education is reflected in the results and the above discussion. Problems in adolescent sexual behavior that negatively due to inaccurate sources such as peer and the internet and added with minimal information from parents and teachers in which teenagers hoping to get information about sex education from parents and teachers.

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