scholarly journals Propagation from Basal Epicormic Meristems Remediates an Aging-Related Disorder in Almond Clones

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gradziel ◽  
Lampinen ◽  
Preece
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nursery Practices ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Foundation Stock ◽  
Individual Trees

The asexual propagation of clonal crops has allowed cultivation of superior selections for thousands of years. With time, some clones deteriorate from genetic and epigenetic changes. Non-infectious bud-failure (NBF) in cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis) is a commercially important age-related disorder that results in the failure of new vegetative buds to grow in the spring, with dieback of terminal shoots, witches-brooming of surviving buds, and deformed bark (roughbark). The incidence of NBF increases with clone age, including within individual long-lived trees as well as nursery propagation lineages. It is not associated with any infectious disease agents. Consequently, nursery practices emphasize the establishment of foundation-mother blocks utilizing propagation-wood selected from proven and well-monitored propagation-lineages. Commercial propagation utilizes axillary shoot buds through traditional budding or grafting. This study examines NBF development using basal epicormic buds from individual trees of advanced age as an alternative source of foundation stock. Results show the age-related progression of NBF is suppressed in these epicormic meristems, possibly owing to their unique origins and ontogeny. NBF development in commercial orchards propagated from foundation blocks established from these sources was similarly dramatically suppressed even over the 10- to 20-year expected commercial orchard-life. Foundation-stock stability can be further maintained through appropriate management of propagation source-trees, which requires accurate knowledge of meristem origin and development.

scholarly journals Telomere length and TERT expression are associated with age in almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. D’Amico-Willman ◽  
Elizabeth Anderson ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel ◽  
Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Age Related

AbstractWhile it is well known that all organisms age, our understanding of how aging occurs varies dramatically among species. The aging process in perennial plants is not well defined, yet can have implications on production and yield of valuable fruit and nut crops. Almond, a relevant nut crop, exhibits an age-related disorder known as non-infectious bud failure (BF) that affects vegetative bud development, indirectly affecting kernel-yield. This species and disorder present an opportunity to address aging in a commercially-relevant and vegetatively-propagated, perennial crop threatened by an aging-related disorder. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that telomere length and/or TERT expression can serve as biomarkers of aging in almond using both whole-genome sequencing data and leaf samples collected from distinct age cohorts over a two-year period. To measure telomere lengths, we employed both in silico and molecular approaches. We also measured expression of TERT, a subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which is responsible for maintaining telomere lengths. Results from this work show a marginal but significant association between both telomere length measured by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR and TERT expression, and age of almond seedlings. These results suggest that as almonds age, TERT expression decreases and telomeres shorten. This work provides valuable information on potential biomarkers of perennial plant aging, contributing to our limited knowledge of this process. In addition, translation of this information will provide opportunities to address BF in almond breeding and nursery propagation.

scholarly journals Propagation of an Epigenetic Age-Related Disorder in Almond Is Governed by Vegetative Bud Ontogeny Rather Than Chimera-Type Cell Lineage

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Gradziel ◽  
Kenneth A. Shackel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Meristem Cell ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Meristem Development

Almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb) represents a model system for the study of epigenetic age-related disorders in perennial plants because the economically important noninfectious bud-failure disorder is well characterized and shown to be associated with the clonal-age of the propagation source. Epigenetic changes regulating disorders such as changes in methylation or telomere-length shortening would be expected to occur in shoot apical meristem initial cells since subsequent daughter cells including those in ensuing shoot axillary meristems show an irreversible advance in epigenetic aging. Because multiple initial cells are involved in meristem development and growth, such ‘mutations’ would be expected to occur in some initial cells but not others, resulting in mericlinal or sectorial chimeras during subsequent shoot development that, in turn, would differentially affect vegetative buds present in the leaf axils of the shoot. To test this developmental pattern, 2180 trees propagated from axillary buds of known position within asymptomatic noninfectious bud-failure budstick sources were evaluated for the disorder. Results demonstrate that relative bud position was not a determinant of successful trait propagation, but rather all axillary buds within individual shoots showed very similar degrees of noninfectious bud-failure. Control is thus more analogous to tissue-wide imprinting rather than being restricted to discrete cell lineages as would be predicted by standard meristem cell fate-mapping.

scholarly journals Integrated analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of twin almonds (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) reveals genomic features associated with non-infectious bud failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. D’Amico-Willman ◽  
Chad E. Niederhuth ◽  
Matthew R. Willman ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel ◽  
Wilburforce Z. Ouma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genome Wide

I.SummaryAlmond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb) exhibits an age-related disorder called non-infectious bud-failure (BF) affecting vegetative bud development and nut yield. The underlying cause of BF remains unknown but is hypothesized to be associated with heritable epigenetic mechanisms. To address this disorder and its epigenetic components, we utilized a monozygotic twin study model profiling genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in two sets of twin almonds discordant for BF-exhibition. Analysis of DNA methylation patterns show that BF-exhibition and methylation, namely hypomethylation, are not independent phenomena. Transcriptomic data generated from the twin pairs also shows genome-wide differential gene expression associated with BF-exhibition. After identifying differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in each twin pair, a comparison revealed 170 shared DMRs between the two twin pairs. These DMRs and the associated genetic components may play a role in BF-exhibition. A subset of 52 shared DMRs are in close proximity to genes involved in meristem maintenance, cell cycle regulation, and response to heat stress. Annotation of specific genes included involvement in processes like cell wall development, calcium ion signaling, and DNA methylation. Results of this work support the hypothesis that BF-exhibition is associated with hypomethylation in almond, and identified DMRs and differentially expressed genes can serve as potential biomarkers to assess BF-potential in almond germplasm. Our results contribute to an understanding of the contribution of epigenetic disorders in agricultural performance and biological fitness of perennials.II.SignificanceThis study examines epigenetic components underlying noninfectious bud failure, an aging-related disorder affecting almond. Results from this work contribute to our understanding of the implications of DNA methylation on agricultural production, namely perennial fruit and nut production, due to effects on growth, development, and reproduction. Describing the methylome of discordant, monozygotic twin almonds enables the study of genomic features underlying noninfectious bud failure in this economically important crop.

scholarly journals Screening for Sarcopenia (Physical Frailty) in the COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Muscle Loss ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Although the numbers of aged populations have risen considerably in the last few decades, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has revealed an extensive vulnerability among these populations. Sarcopenia is an age-related disorder that increases hospitalization, dependencies, and mortality in older adults. It starts to develop in midlife or even earlier as a result of unbalanced diet/poor nutrition and low levels of physical activity, in addition to chronic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Given that social isolation is adopted as the most protective measure against COVID-19, the level of physical activity and the intake of adequate diet have considerably declined, especially among older adults—denoting an increased possibility for developing sarcopenia. Research also shows a higher vulnerability of sarcopenic people to COVID-19 as well as the development of wasting disorders such as sarcopenia and cachexia in a considerable proportion of symptomatic and recovering COVID-19 patients. Muscular wasting in COVID-19 is associated with poor prognosis. Accordingly, early detection and proper management of sarcopenia and wasting conditions in older adults and COVID-19 patients may minimize morbidity and mortality during the current COVID-19 crisis. This review explored different aspects of screening for sarcopenia, stressing their relevance to the detection of altered muscular structure and performance in patients with COVID-19. Current guidelines recommend prior evaluation of muscle strength by simple measures such as grip strength to identify individuals with proven weakness who then would be screened for muscle mass loss. The latter is best measured by MRI and CT. However, due to the high cost and radiation risk entailed by these techniques, other simpler and cheaper techniques such as DXA and ultrasound are given preference. Muscle loss in COVID-19 patients was measured during the acute phase by CT scanning of the pectoralis muscle simultaneously during a routine check for lung fibrosis, which seems to be an efficient evaluation of sarcopenia among those patients with no additional cost. In recovering patients, muscle strength and physical performance have been evaluated by electromyography and traditional tests such as the six-minute walk test. Effective preventive and therapeutic interventions are necessary in order to prevent muscle loss and associated physical decline in COVID-19 patients.

The CCL7-CCL2-CCR2 Axis Regulates Age-Related Alterations in ADSCs 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keya Li ◽  
Guiying Shi ◽  
Xuepei Lei ◽  
Yiying Huang ◽  
Xinyue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Hippo Signaling ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background and ObjectivesAdipose-tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) autologous transplantation have been a promising strategy for aging-related disorder. But the relationship between ADSCs senescence and organismal aging were still no consistent conclusions. Toward this end, we analyzed the senescence properties of ADSCs from different age donors to furthermore understand the differences of cells between young and senile donors and verify the influence of organismal aging on the proliferation and function of ADSCs in vitro, providing the theoretical basis for the clinical application of autologous ADSCs transplantation.Methods and ResultsWe detected the characteristics, function, gene expression, apoptosis, cell cycle, SA-β-gal staining, and transcription features of ADSCs from 1-month mice and 20-month mice. ADSCs from old donors had some senescence-associated changes with less ability to proliferation than ADSCs from 1-month mice. Differentiation ability, cell surface markers, and SA-β-Gal staining did not differ across donor age, while cells exhibit a more remarkable age-related changes through continuous passages. According to the results of transcriptome analysis, the CCL7-CCL2-CCR2 axis and Hippo signaling pathway would be considered as its possible mechanisms. ConclusionsOur study reveals that ADSCs from old donors have some age-related alterations. The CCL7-CCL2-CCR2 which lies behind this change would be a potential target for gene therapy to reduce harmful effects of ADSCs from old donors. To make autologous transplantation work better, we would recommend that ADSCs should be cryopreserved in youth with minimum number of passages.

scholarly journals Utility of the Serum Cystatin C Level for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis among Middle-Aged and Elderly People

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tanaka ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Tetsuro Hida ◽  
Kenyu Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin C ◽  
Serum Cystatin ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. Osteoporosis is a common age-related disorder leading to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. Early diagnosis of osteoporosis is a vital step in providing early therapeutic intervention. Serum cystatin C is a marker of early renal dysfunction, a predictor of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, and an inhibitor of the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum cystatin C and osteoporosis. Methods. We enrolled 46 subjects who attended a health checkup and underwent measurement of bone status by quantitative ultrasound and determination of the level of serum cystatin C. A comparative study was conducted between those with and without osteoporosis for all subjects collectively and in two subgroups aged <65 and ≥65 years. Results. Serum cystatin C levels were strongly correlated with age, creatinine, and bone status data, with significant negative correlations with stiffness, T-score, and percentage of young adult mean. Among patients with osteoporosis, serum cystatin C was significantly higher even after adjustment for age and sex, whereas no significant difference was noted in creatinine. For patients aged ≥ 65 years, serum cystatin C was significantly higher in subjects with osteoporosis, although there was no significant difference in age between normal subjects and those with osteoporosis. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between serum cystatin C and osteoporosis. Serum cystatin C is significantly higher in osteoporosis and in particular may be a useful marker for osteoporosis among middle and elderly people aged ≥ 65 years. Measurement of serum cystatin C can be carried out easily and may contribute to early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Chosen Vascular Risk Markers in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: An Age-Related Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lesiewska ◽  
Agnieszka Łukaszewska-Smyk ◽  
Grażyna Odrowąż-Sypniewska ◽  
Magdalena Krintus ◽  
Aneta Mańkowska-Cyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Age Related

Purpose. To evaluate lipids and C-reactive protein serum levels in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) in the Polish population. Methods. 96 patients were studied with PEX and 79 control subjects. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and CRP serum levels, and TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C indexes were assessed. Results. There were no significant differences in concentration of lipids and values of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and non-HDL-C between PEX and control groups. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was not increased in patients with PEX. Conclusions. Our results cast doubt on the opinion on the possible PEX and vascular diseases relation. Further studies on this subject are mandatory.

scholarly journals The Role of Free Radicals in Autophagy Regulation: Implications for Ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pajares ◽  
A. Cuadrado ◽  
N. Engedal ◽  
Z. Jirsova ◽  
M. Cahova
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Redox Signalling ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Integral Role

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, resp.) have been traditionally perceived solely as detrimental, leading to oxidative damage of biological macromolecules and organelles, cellular demise, and ageing. However, recent data suggest that ROS/RNS also plays an integral role in intracellular signalling and redox homeostasis (redoxtasis), which are necessary for the maintenance of cellular functions. There is a complex relationship between cellular ROS/RNS content and autophagy, which represents one of the major quality control systems in the cell. In this review, we focus on redox signalling and autophagy regulation with a special interest on ageing-associated changes. In the last section, we describe the role of autophagy and redox signalling in the context of Alzheimer’s disease as an example of a prevalent age-related disorder.

An Approach to Urinary Incontinence for Dermatologists

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Ladha ◽  
Adrian Wagg ◽  
Marlene Dytoc
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a condition often encountered by dermatologists. IAD is an inflammatory skin condition secondary to prolonged urine exposure—it is a dermatologic sequela of urinary incontinence. Incontinence should not be dismissed simply as an age-related disorder; rather, it is due to a number of pathologic conditions that can be either reversible or manageable. It is thus critical to identify and treat the underlying causes of urinary incontinence. Clinical management of this common medical issue restores normality to patients’ lives while also preventing future dermatologic complications. In this article, we aim to provide dermatologists with an overview of IAD and an approach to the diagnosis and initial management of urinary incontinence.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitudes towards Common Eye Diseases among the General Population of Southern region of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed A Aldhabaan ◽  
Bander Bin Saleh Alsalmy Asiri ◽  
AbdulRahman Saad M. Alahmari
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Background: Globally, the number of visually impaired persons still increases; this will increase demand for more eye care services, programmes, and treatment for the visually disabled individuals. Consequently, the first step is to map the size of the problem. Detection of the related factors of visual loss and blindness is vital to build appropriate treatment, rehabilitation, and service programmes. Public awareness regarding these eye related health conditions is the first step for mapping the problem and public concern for early detection and management. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted focused on all adults in Aseer region. The study was conducted during the period from May 2020 to September 2020. Data were collected using pre-structured online questionnaire established by the researchers after intensive literature review and expert’s consultation. The questionnaire data included participants’ socio-demographic data, awareness regarding eye diseases was evaluated and its main domains included glaucoma related awareness, cataract awareness, diabetic retinopathy awareness, refractive errors awareness, and eye dryness. Results: A total of 1,014 participants in the southern region of Saudi Arabia completed the survey. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 75 years with mean age of 33.8 (12.2%) years old. Exactly 641 (63.2%) participants were males. Exactly 23.1% of participants defined cataract as a change in lens colour and 17.8% reported that it is an age related disorder. Glaucoma was defined as a disease that causes optic nerve damage by 22.2% of the participants while 18.6% defined the disease as a condition causing diminished peri-ocular vision. DR was defined as retinal vascular lesion disorder by 23.6% of the participants and 42.9% classified the disease as one of the DM complications. In total, good awareness regarding cataract was detected among 13.4% of the participants and 10% had good awareness regarding glaucoma. Conclusions & recommendations: In conclusion, the study revealed that overall public awareness regarding common eye diseases was very poor especially among the old aged and females. The main source of information was a family member or friend who had the disease. Key words: Eye diseases, disorders, cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, awareness, population

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