scholarly journals Machine Vision for Ripeness Estimation in Viticulture Automation

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Eleni Vrochidou ◽  
Christos Bazinas ◽  
Michail Manios ◽  
George A. Papakostas ◽  
Theodore P. Pachidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Ripeness estimation of fruits and vegetables is a key factor for the optimization of field management and the harvesting of the desired product quality. Typical ripeness estimation involves multiple manual samplings before harvest followed by chemical analyses. Machine vision has paved the way for agricultural automation by introducing quicker, cost-effective, and non-destructive methods. This work comprehensively surveys the most recent applications of machine vision techniques for ripeness estimation. Due to the broad area of machine vision applications in agriculture, this review is limited only to the most recent techniques related to grapes. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art algorithms by covering a wide range of applications. The potential of current machine vision techniques for specific viticulture applications is also analyzed. Problems, limitations of each technique, and future trends are discussed. Moreover, the integration of machine vision algorithms in grape harvesting robots for real-time in-field maturity assessment is additionally examined.

scholarly journals A Review of the State-of-Art, Limitations, and Perspectives of Machine Vision for Grape Ripening Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Eleni Vrochidou ◽  
Christos Bazinas ◽  
George A. Papakostas ◽  
Theodore Pachidis ◽  
Vassilis G. Kaburlasos
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Ripening Stage ◽  
Robotic Automation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Destructive Methods ◽  
Critical Aspects

This work highlights the most recent machine vision methodologies and algorithms proposed for estimating the ripening stage of grapes. Destructive and non-destructive methods are overviewed for in-field and in-lab applications. Integration principles of innovative technologies and algorithms to agricultural agrobots, namely, Agrobots, are investigated. Critical aspects and limitations, in terms of hardware and software, are also discussed. This work is meant to be a complete guide of the state-of-the-art machine vision algorithms for grape ripening estimation, pointing out the advantages and barriers for the adaptation of machine vision towards robotic automation of the grape and wine industry.

Monitoring of constructed and operated buildings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Леонович ◽  
Sergey Leonovich ◽  
Дмитрий Снежков ◽  
Dmitriy Snezhkov ◽  
Валентин Доркин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Ultrasonic Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Supporting Frame ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

The monograph considers a wide range of issues related to the determination of strength characteristics of concrete by non-destructive methods. The physical principles of the main methods of non-destructive testing of concrete in structures are stated, promising directions of improvement of non-destructive methods are considered. Much attention is paid to the development of ultrasonic methods of concrete testing. The extensive experimental material of laboratory tests and the results of field tests at construction sites, which are considered from the standpoint of the current standards and the introduced norms of the European Union, are presented. The results of long-term observation of deformations of the supporting frame of a high-rise building obtained using an automated monitoring system are presented. It is intended for engineering and technical workers of construction laboratories, designers, specialists engaged in the design and use of non-destructive testing of concrete, and will also be useful to students, undergraduates, graduate students and teachers of higher educational institutions dealing with quality control in construction.

scholarly journals Non-destructive methods for measuring chloride ingress into concrete: State-of-the-art and future challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Torres-Luque ◽  
E. Bastidas-Arteaga ◽  
F. Schoefs ◽  
M. Sánchez-Silva ◽  
J.F. Osma
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

3D printing in tissue engineering: a state of the art review of technologies and biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataraj Poomathi ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
Arjun Subramanian ◽  
Rahul Sahay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Purpose In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention in areas such as medicine, engineering, manufacturing art and most recently in education. In biomedical, the development of a wide range of biomaterials has catalysed the considerable role of 3D printing (3DP), where it functions as synthetic frameworks in the form of scaffolds, constructs or matrices. The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-the-art literature coverage of 3DP applications in tissue engineering (such as customized scaffoldings and organs, and regenerative medicine). Design/methodology/approach This review focusses on various 3DP techniques and biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. The literature reviewed in the manuscript has been collected from various journal search engines including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The keywords that have been selected for the searches were 3 D printing, tissue engineering, scaffoldings, organs, regenerative medicine, biomaterials, standards, applications and future directions. Further, the sub-classifications of the keyword, wherever possible, have been used as sectioned/sub-sectioned in the manuscript. Findings 3DP techniques have many applications in biomedical and TE (B-TE), as covered in the literature. Customized structures for B-TE applications are easy and cost-effective to manufacture through 3DP, whereas on many occasions, conventional technologies generally become incompatible. For this, this new class of manufacturing must be explored to further capabilities for many potential applications. Originality/value This review paper presents a comprehensive study of the various types of 3DP technologies in the light of their possible B-TE application as well as provides a future roadmap.

Non-Destructive and Destructive Monitoring Methods of Fibre Concrete Homogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Čechmánek ◽  
Martina Drdlová ◽  
Martin Bohac
Keyword(s):  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fibre Cement ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Design, preparation and testing of fibre-cement composites are a task of wide range of research workplaces and universities in our country and abroad. However, a question on homogeneity of all cement matrix components and mainly optimal dispersion of fibre reinforcement in a mixture has not been yet solved sufficiently. Within testing of properties of such designed composites there is usually a realized fact, that variability of these properties is distinctive mainly for the reason of uneven dispersion of commonly used fibres in a whole matrix volume. Elimination of this phenomenon could be achieved by means of a design of the optimal homogenization process of dry mixture components with fibre reinforcement. The aim of research works was to find suitable homogenization techniques, design of mixing process and optimal dosing of individual components. By means of these actions it is possible to achieve the best dispersion of selected fibre types, both metal and non-metal, in fine-grained cementitious matrixes, which is subsequently verified in hardened composites at first by non-destructive and then by destructive methods. Four different fibre-cement mixtures were chosen as representatives for commonly used reinforcement in fibre-cement composites and test specimens with a thickness of 40 mm were prepared using processes suitable for the specific fibre reinforcement. At the first stage non-destructive testing by means of ultrasound waves was carried out at first on a compact test slab with dimensions 500 x 500 x 40 mm and subsequently on individual test specimens with dimensions 250 x 40 x 40 mm, cut from the test slab according to a designed pattern. At the second stage destructive testing of test specimens was performed, mainly evaluation of flexural strength with 4-point bending and subsequently preparation of thin sections from the failure area for observation by means of polarizing microscopy. A purpose of all these research works is finding of correlation between testing by means of destructive and non-destructive methods.

Non-destructive methods for the measurement of moisture contents – a review

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Nath K. ◽  
Prabhu Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moisture Measurement ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Destructive Methods

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moisture measurement techniques presently available, as accurate determination of the moisture content (MC) of grains or any food items at right time is very important for its processing, marketing and storing. Design/methodology/approach There are basically two types of MC measurement techniques – destructive method and non-destructive method. In the time-consuming destructive method, cleaning of the food items is done and shells of food items like peanuts are removed for which man power is required and so the technique becomes costly. A literature review of the existing non-destructive methods has been done, and the methodology of each approach is explained with the figure. The less time-consuming non-destructive technique used to measure MC require less man power, as grains or food items can be directly used without any process like cleaning or crushing so that the technique become economic. Findings Most of the techniques used magnetic or electric properties to measure the MC indirectly. The problem with existing non-destructive technique is that measurement of MC uses only few numbers or grams of grains or food items at a time. Research limitations/implications The farmers’ produce large quantity of grains. The small quantity of grains cannot be the representative sample for whole grains produced by the farmers. Most of the techniques use only small quantity of grains or food items at a time to measure the MC which is not accurate and representative of the produce. Also, the techniques are not simple and easily available. The cost of the techniques or arrangement to measure the MC is not reasonable. Social implications Most of the farmers in the developing countries are financially backward. To store the agricultural produce, MC of the commodities is a key factor influencing the quality of the storage. Measurement of the MC of the seeds is thus very important for the farmers. Originality/value This paper is a review of the previous research that happened in this area, and it would help the researcher to know the techniques already been used. To the knowledge of the authors, the review of the existing moisture measurement of seeds/agricultural commodities is available in the literature.

scholarly journals Recent Development and Challenges in Spectroscopy and Machine Vision Technologies for Crop Nitrogen Diagnosis: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2578
Author(s):  
Daoliang Li ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Wei Qin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System Selection ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
N Status

Recent development of non-destructive optical techniques, such as spectroscopy and machine vision technologies, have laid a good foundation for real-time monitoring and precise management of crop N status. However, their advantages and disadvantages have not been systematically summarized and evaluated. Here, we reviewed the state-of-the-art of non-destructive optical methods for monitoring the N status of crops, and summarized their advantages and disadvantages. We mainly focused on the contribution of spectral and machine vision technology to the accurate diagnosis of crop N status from three aspects: system selection, data processing, and estimation methods. Finally, we discussed the opportunities and challenges of the application of these technologies, followed by recommendations for future work to address the challenges.

scholarly journals Bilgisayarlı Görüntüleme Sistemi: Gıda Endüstrisinde Kullanımı ve Uygulamaları

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Pinar Balkir ◽  
Kemal Kemahlıoğlu ◽  
Ufuk Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Machine Vision System ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Products

Machine vision system is a combination of camera, image capture card, computer hardware and image processing technology. Safe foods are highly preferred by consumers today and accordingly, machine vision system has the edge on food sector for ensuring qualitative data and accelerating some certain processes. Machine vision system, which is more accurate, reliable and faster than conventional methods, has been used in wide range of applications in the inspection of cereals, fruits and vegetables, meats and marine products and some other processed foods in combination with convenient image processing and analysing algorithms. Considering the objectivity, promptness, economy and effectiveness as the chief advantages, the system makes progress as an alternative method in the sector.

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